Introduction to Statistics Final Test Solutions - 3882 Verified Questions

Introduction to Statistics Final Test Solutions https://quizplus.com/study-set/3173 23 Chapters 3882 Verified Questions

Introduction to Statistics Final Test Solutions Course Introduction Introduction to Statistics provides students with a foundational understanding of statistical concepts and techniques essential for analyzing and interpreting data. The course covers topics such as descriptive statistics, probability distributions, sampling methods, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, correlation, and regression analysis.

Through practical examples and real-world applications, students learn to collect, organize, visualize, and draw conclusions from data, enabling them to make informed decisions in various academic and professional fields.

Recommended Textbook Statistics for Management and Economics 11th Edition by Gerald Keller

Available Study Resources on Quizplus 23 Chapters 3882 Verified Questions 3882 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3173

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Chapter 1: What Is Statistics Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 46 Verified Questions 46 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62804

Sample Questions Q1) A researcher at Florida International University (FIU)wants to estimate the average number of credits earned by students last semester at FIU.She randomly selects 750 students from last semester and finds that they averaged 13.75 credits per student.The population of interest to the researcher is: A)all FIU students.

B)all college students.

C)all FIU students enrolled last semester.

D)the 750 FIU students selected at random.

Answer: C Q2) A candidate who is running for the vacant City Mayor seat with 35,000 registered voters wants to determine what percentage would vote for him.His pollsters interview 600 registered voters from the city at random; 60% say they plan to vote for him. a.What is the population of interest? b.What is the sample? c.Is the 60% a parameter or a statistic in this scenario? Why? Answer: a. The 35,000 registered voters in that city. b. The 600 registered voters selected at random. c. The 60% is a statistic,since it is a descriptive measure of the sample.

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Chapter 2: Graphical Descriptive Techniques 1 Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 94 Verified Questions 94 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62805

Sample Questions Q1) In purchasing an automobile,there are a number of variables to consider.The body style

of

the

car

(sedan,coupe,wagon,etc.)is

an

example

of

a(n)____________________ variable.

Answer: nominal categorical qualitative Q2) {All-Nighters Narrative} Of those who did well on the midterm,what percentage stayed up all night before the midterm?

Answer: 60/180 = 33.3% Q3) {All-Nighters Narrative} There is a relationship between whether or not a student stayed up all night before the midterm,and how well they did on the midterm.Describe this relationship using percentages.

Answer: Of those who stayed up all night,60/200 = 30% did well and 70% did not.Of those who didn't stay up all night,120/200 = 60% did well and 40% did not.

Q4) {All-Nighter Narrative} Of those who stayed up all night before the midterm,what percentage did well on the midterm?

Answer: 60/200 = 30% To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.

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Chapter 3: Graphical Descriptive Techniques 2 Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 156 Verified Questions 156 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62806

Sample Questions Q1)

Slopes

and

trends

in

a

line

chart

appear

to

be

steeper

if

you

____________________ the horizontal (time)axis.

Answer: shrink Q2) The effect of making the slope of a line chart appear steeper can be created by: A)Stretching the vertical axis.

B)Shrinking the horizontal axis.

C)Stretching the horizontal axis.

D)Both a and b Answer: D Q3) When one variable increases and the other decreases,we say that there is a(n)____________________ relationship between these two variables.

Answer: negative downhill Q4) A(n)____________________ is a graphical display consisting of a set of points,each point representing one variable measured along the horizontal axis,and another variable measured along the vertical axis.

Answer: scatter diagram Q5) For what type of data is a histogram appropriate?

Answer: Interval data.

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Chapter 4: Numerical Descriptive Techniques Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 275 Verified Questions 275 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62807

Sample Questions Q1) {Hours Worked per Week Narrative} Compute the sample mean hours.

Q2) {Weights of Workers Narrative} Construct a stem and leaf display for the number of workers.

Q3) In a histogram,the proportion of the total area which must be to the left of the median is less than 0.50 if the distribution is negatively skewed.

A)True B)False Q4) In a perfectly symmetric distribution,which of the following statements is false?

A)The distance from Q₁ to Q₂ equals to the distance from Q₂ to Q₃.

B)The distance from the smallest observation to Q₁ is the same as the distance from Q₃ to the largest observation.

C)The distance from the smallest observation to Q₂ is the same as the distance from Q₂ to the largest observation.

D)The distance from Q₁ to Q₃ is half of the distance from the smallest to the largest observation.

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Chapter 5: Data Collection and Sampling Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 84 Verified Questions 84 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62808

Sample Questions Q1) Selection bias is a systematic tendency to favor including individuals with particular characteristics,while excluding individuals with other characteristics.

A)True B)False Q2) Which of the following data collection methods is not observational?

A)A personal interview.

B)A telephone interview.

C)A self-administered questionnaire.

D)An experiment.

Q3) Which of the following types of samples should not be used to make good statistical inferences from a sample to a population?

A)Stratified random samples.

B)Self-selected samples.

C)Cluster samples.

D)All of these choices are true.

Q4)

Two

types

of

interviews

that

are

used

to

collect

data

____________________ interviews and ____________________ interviews.

Q5) {Soft Drink Narrative} Is this study observational or experimental? Explain.

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Chapter 6: Probability Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 240 Verified Questions 240 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62809

Sample Questions Q1) {Hobby Shop Sales Narrative} List the outcomes in the sample space.

Q2) The collection of all the possible outcomes of a random experiment is called a sample space.

A)True B)False Q3) {Messenger Service Narrative} If a package was delivered 40 minutes late,what is the probability that it was service C? Q4) If A and B are independent events with P(A)= 0.60 and P(B)= 0.70,then P(A or B)equals: A)1.30 B)0.88 C)0.42 D)Cannot tell from the given information.

Q5) {Certification Test Narrative} If the selected candidate passed the test,what is the probability that the candidate took the test at location B? Q6) Thomas ____________________ first employed the calculation of conditional probability.

Q7) If P(A|B)= P(A)then events A and B are ____________________.

Page 8 Q8) {Cysts Narrative} What is the probability that the patient will test positive?

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Chapter 7: Random Variables and Discrete Probability Distributions Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 283 Verified Questions 283 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62810

Sample Questions Q1) The covariance can be negative but the coefficient of correlation cannot.

A)True B)False Q2) {Mobile Phones Sales Narrative} Compute the variance of the number of Blackberries sold daily.

Q3) The sum of the expected values always equals the expected value of the sums.

A)True B)False Q4) {Sports Fans Narrative} A sample of 100 students is to be selected.What is the standard deviation of the number of sports fans you expect?

Q5) {Golfing Store Narrative} Are X and Y independent? Explain.

Q6) {Montana Highways Narrative} Find P(4 < X < 9).

Q7) A table,formula,or graph that shows all possible values a random variable can assume,together with their associated probabilities,is referred to as probability distribution.

A)True B)False

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Q8) A(n)____________________ random variable is one whose values are uncountable.

Q9) {Gym Visits Narrative} Find the mean and the standard deviation of Y = 2X − 1.

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Chapter 8: Continuous Probability Distributions Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 224 Verified Questions 224 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62811

Sample Questions Q1) {Battery Life Narrative} What lifetime should the manufacturer advertise for these batteries in order that only 2% of the lamps will wear out before the advertised lifetime?

Q2) Suppose X has a normal distribution with mean 70 and standard deviation 5.The 50th percentile of X is 70.

A)True B)False Q3) Which of the following can have an exponential distribution?

A)Time between phone calls coming in to a technical support desk.

B)Time until the first customer arrives at the bank in the morning.

C)Lifetime of a new battery.

D)All of these choices are true.

Q4) Continuous probability distributions describe probabilities associated with random variables that are able to assume any finite number of values along an interval.

A)True B)False Q5) {Phone Orders Narrative} What proportion of customers having to hold more than 1.5 minutes will hang up before placing an order?

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Chapter 9: Sampling Distributions Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 156 Verified Questions 156 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62812

Sample Questions Q1) Let X be a binomial random variable with n = 100 and p = 0.7.Approximate the following probabilities,using the normal distribution. a.P(X = 75) b.P(X ≤ 70) c.P(X > 70) Q2) The amount of bleach a machine pours into bottles has a mean of 50 ounces with a standard deviation of 0.25 ounces.Suppose we take a random sample of 36 bottles filled by this machine.The sampling distribution of the sample mean has a standard error of 0.25 ounces.

A)True B)False Q3) In a given year,the average annual salary of a NHL hockey player was $205,000 with a standard deviation of $24,500.If a simple random sample of 50 players was taken,what is the probability that the sample mean will exceed $210,000?

Q4) {Average Annual Revenue Narrative} Could you have used a normal distribution to find an (approximate)probability for the average of 4 revenues if the population of revenues did not have a normal distribution?

Q5) {Retirees Narrative} What is the probability that the mean age exceeds 73 years?

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Chapter 10: Introduction to Estimation Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 154 Verified Questions 154 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62813

Sample Questions Q1) The larger the confidence level,the: A)smaller the value of zα_{/ 2}.

B)wider the confidence interval.

C)smaller the probability that the confidence interval will contain the population mean.

D)None of these choices.

Q2) The confidence interval estimate of the population mean is constructed around the sample mean.

A)True B)False Q3) If the population values are very close to each other,the width of the confidence interval is ____________________ than if the population values are very far apart.

Q4) The sample variance (where you divide by n − 1)is an unbiased estimator of the population variance.

A)True B)False Q5) It is intuitively reasonable to expect that a larger sample will produce more ____________________ results.

Q6) Explain briefly why interval estimators are preferred to point estimators.

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Chapter 11: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 189 Verified Questions 189 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62814

Sample Questions Q1) By ____________________ the significance level,you increase the probability of a Type II error.

Q2) Calculate the probability of a Type II error for the hypothesis test: H₀: μ = 50 vs.H₁: μ > 50,given that μ = 55,α = 0.05,σ = 10,and n = 16.

Q3) Suppose that we reject a null hypothesis at the 0.05 level of significance.Then for which of the following α-values do we also reject the null hypothesis?

A)0.06 B)0.04 C)0.03 D)0.02 Q4) We cannot commit a Type I error when the: A)null hypothesis is true.

B)level of significance is 0.10.

C)null hypothesis is false.

D)test is a two-tail test.

Q5) {LSAT Scores Narrative} State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses.

Q6) {Toaster Oven Narrative} What is the parameter of interest in this situation?

Q7) {Watching the News Narrative} Determine the p-value.

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Chapter 12: Inference About a Population Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 153 Verified Questions 153 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62815

Sample Questions Q1) A random sample of size 18 taken from a normally distributed population revealed a sample mean of 100 and a sample variance of 49.The 95% confidence interval for the population mean would equal: A)93.56 - 103.98 B)97.65 - 107.35 C)95.52 -104.65 D)96.52 - 103.48 Q2) {Applicants' Grades Narrative} Compute the sample variance.

Q3) {Hourly Fees Narrative} Can we infer at the 5% significance level that the population mean is greater than 12,assuming that you know the population standard deviation is equal to 6.75?

Q4) A random sample is drawn from a normal distribution with mean μ and variance σ².The random variable (n − 1)S² / σ² has a chi-squared probability distribution with n degrees of freedom.

A)True B)False Q5) When a population is small,we must adjust the test statistic and interval estimator using the ____________________ population correction factor.

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Chapter 13: Inference About Comparing Two Populations Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 170 Verified Questions 170 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62816

Sample Questions Q1) The ratio of two independent chi-squared variables divided by their degrees of freedom is: A)normally distributed B)Student t-distributed C)chi-squared distributed D)F-distributed Q2) The F-test used for testing the difference in 2 population variances is always a one-tailed test.

A)True B)False Q3) The pooled proportion estimate is used when the proportion of successes from sample 1 equals the proportion of successes from sample 2.

A)True B)False Q4) {TV Sex Narrative} Briefly explain what the interval estimate tells you.

Q5) The test for the equality of two population variances assumes that each of the two populations is normally distributed.

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Chapter 14: Analysis of Variance Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 157 Verified Questions 157 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62817

Sample Questions Q1) In ANOVA,the F-test is the ratio of two sample variances.In the one-way ANOVA (completely randomized design),the variance used as a numerator of the ratio is: A)mean square for treatments.

B)mean square for error.

C)total sum of squares.

D)None of these choices.

Q2) Which of the following is true of Tukey's Multiple Comparison Method?

A)It is based on the studentized range statistic to obtain the critical value needed to construct individual confidence intervals.

B)It theoretically requires that all sample sizes be equal,or at least similar.

C)It is more powerful than the LSD method.

D)All of these choices are true.

Q3) Which of the following is true regarding SSB? A)SSB stands for sum of squares for blocks.

B)SSB can help to reduce SSE. C)SSB can help make it easier to determine whether differences exist between the treatment means.

D)All of these choices are true.

Q4) SSE measures the variation ____________________ treatments.

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Chapter 15: Chi-Squared Tests Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 179 Verified Questions 179 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62818

Sample Questions Q1) {Sales Volumes Narrative} Should the assumption of a binomial distribution be rejected at the 5% significance level?

Q2) The number of degrees of freedom associated with a chi-squared test of a contingency table is ____________________.

Q3) {Seat Belts Narrative} How many degrees of freedom are associated with the proper test in this experiment?

Q4) The test statistic for the chi-squared test of a contingency table is the same as the test statistic for the goodness-of-fit test.

A)True B)False Q5) The alternative hypothesis in a goodness-of-fit test is that none of the p_i values are equal to their values specified in H₀.

A)True B)False Q6) If the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies are quite different,you are likely to ____________________ the null hypothesis.

Q7) The values of a chi-squared distribution are always ____________________ zero.

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Chapter 16: Simple Linear Regression and Correlation Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 304 Verified Questions 304 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62819

Sample Questions Q1) {Allman Brothers Concert Narrative} Draw a scatter diagram of the data.Comment on whether it appears that a linear model might be appropriate to describe the relationship between the age and number of concerts attended by the respondents.

Q2) {Game Winnings & Education Narrative} Predict with 95% confidence the winnings of a contestant who has 15 years of education.

Q3) The standard error of the estimate is a measure of the: A)total variation in the y variable.

B)variation around the regression line.

C)percentage of variation in y explained by the variation in x.

D)the variation of the x variable.

Q4) {Allman Brothers Concert Narrative} Estimate the number of Allman Brothers concerts attended by a 64 year old person.

Q5) If the sum of squared residuals is zero,then the: A)coefficient of determination must be 1.0.

B)coefficient of correlation must be 1.0.

C)linear relationship between x and y is perfect.

D)All of these choices are true.

Q6) A(n)____________________ is an observation that is unusually small or large.

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Chapter 17: Multiple Regression Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 160 Verified Questions 160 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62820

Sample Questions Q1) Discuss two indicators that can be found in an analysis that suggest multicollinearity is present.

Q2) Multicollinearity is present if the dependent variable is linearly related to one of the explanatory variables.

A)True B)False Q3) {Student's Final Grade Narrative} What is the coefficient of determination? What does this statistic tell you?

Q4) Multicollinearity will result in excessively low standard errors of the parameter estimates reported in the regression output.

A)True B)False Q5) The range of the values of the Durbin-Watson statistic,d,is 0 ≤d≤ 4.

A)True B)False Q6) An adverse effect of multicollinearity is that the estimated regression coefficients of the independent variables that are correlated tend to have large sampling ____________________.

Q7) {Life Expectancy Narrative} Interpret Page the coefficient b₃.

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Chapter 18: Model Building Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 148 Verified Questions 148 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62821

Sample Questions Q1) In stepwise regression,the independent variable with the largest F-statistic,or equally the smallest p-value,is chosen as the first entering variable.

A)True B)False Q2) {Silver Prices Narrative} Is there sufficient evidence at the 1% significance level to conclude that the price of a barrel of oil and the price of silver are linearly related?

Q3) To gather the required observations for your potential regression models,a general rule is that there should be at least ____________________ observations for each independent variable used in the equation.

Q4) Discuss briefly the procedure that is employed in the building of a model.

Q5) Color of truck is a(n)____________________ variable.

Q6) A first-order polynomial model with one predictor variable is the familiar simple linear regression model.

A)True B)False Q7) {Motorcycle Fatalities Narrative} Test at the 1% significance level to determine if the interaction term should be retained in the model.

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Chapter 19: Nonparametric Statistics Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 175 Verified Questions 175 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62822

Sample Questions Q1) Some statistical software perform the Mann-Whitney test.However,this test and the sign test are equivalent tests.

A)True B)False Q2) One of the required conditions of the sign test is that the number of nonzero differences n must be greater than or equal to 30.

A)True B)False Q3) The first step in a Wilcoxon rank sum test is to combine the data values in the two samples and assign a rank of 1 to the: A)smallest observation.

B)middle observation.

C)largest observation.

D)observation that occurs most frequently.

Q4) The Friedman test compares the locations of two or more populations where the data are generated from a randomized ____________________ experiment.

Q5) {Airlines Ranking Narrative} Which test is appropriate if you want to compare the quality of service of the four airlines?

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Chapter 20: Time-Series Analytics and Forecasting Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 225 Verified Questions 225 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62823

Sample Questions Q1) {The Pyramids of Giza Narrative} Use regression analysis to develop the trend line.

Q2) A least squares linear trend line is just a simple regression line with the years recoded.

A)True B)False Q3) Seasonal variation is one of the four different components of a time series.These are cycles that occur over short repetitive calendar periods and,by definition,have duration of less than one year.

A)True B)False Q4) {Monthly Mattress Sales Narrative} Compute the exponentially smoothed sales with w = 0.3 and w = 0.5.

Q5) Which of the following is not true in regard to the weights used in exponential smoothing?

A)They are all positive B)The last weight is always the smallest C)They add up to 1 D)They decrease exponentially into the past To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.

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Chapter 21: Statistical Process Control Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 140 Verified Questions 140 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62824

Sample Questions Q1) The process capability index measures the capability of the process to produce units whose dimensions fall outside the specification limits.

A)True B)False Q2) {30 Samples Production Narrative} Calculate the mean and standard deviation of each sample.

Q3) ____________________ variation is caused by a number of randomly occurring events that are part of the production process.

Q4) When no point lies outside the control limits of a chart,we conclude that variation in the process is: A)caused by chance and there is not enough evidence to infer that the process is out of control.

B)caused by chance and there is enough evidence to infer that the process is out of control.

C)caused by assignable causes and there is enough evidence to infer that the process is under control.

D)caused by assignable causes and there is not enough evidence to infer that the process is out of control.

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Chapter 22: Decision Analysis Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 123 Verified Questions 123 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62825

Sample Questions Q1) {Video Business Narrative} Convert the payoff table to an opportunity loss table.

Q2) Which probability is also known as the revised probability?

A)Prior Probability B)Joint Probability C)Marginal Probability D)Posterior Probability Q3) In general,the branches of a decision tree represent acts and states of nature.

A)True B)False Q4) {Gross Profits Narrative} If the probability of s₁ is 0.4,then the probability of s₂ is______________.

Q5) What is meant by the expected value of perfect information (EVPI)?

Q6) The expected payoff with perfect information (EPPI)represents the maximum amount a decision maker would be willing to pay for perfect information.

A)True B)False Q7) {Power Company Narrative} What is the expected payoff with perfect information?

Q8) {Sporting Goods Store Narrative} Determine the EMV decision.

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Chapter 23: Conclusion Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 47 Verified Questions 47 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62826

Sample Questions Q1) In nonparametric statistics,the population must be normally distributed.

A)True B)False Q2)

There

are

three

types

of

data:

____________________;

____________________; and ____________________.

Q3) The validity of any statistical outcome depends on the validity of its sample.

A)True B)False Q4) Which of the following is an example of interval data?

A)The weight of a newborn baby.

B)The gender of a baby.

C)Whether or not a baby weighs more than 10 pounds.

D)Your order of preference of three baby names.

Q5)

Formulas

for

confidence

intervals

and

test

statistics

all

come

from

____________________ distributions.

Q6) If the probability of making a Type II error decreases,the probability of making a Type I error increases.

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