Introduction to Sociology Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Sociology provides students with a foundational understanding of the systematic study of human society, social behavior, and patterns of social relationships. Through exploring major sociological theories, concepts, and research methods, students learn how individuals and groups shape and are shaped by social structures, culture, institutions, and social change. The course examines topics such as socialization, inequality, race, gender, family, education, and globalization, equipping students with analytical tools to critically assess contemporary social issues and understand the complexities of everyday life in a diverse society.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Sociology 4th Edition by Anthony Giddens
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1239 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Sociology: Theory and Method
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Q1) As a sociological theory,__________ is unique in that it is supposed to also generate a program for radical political change.
A)functionalism
B)postmodern theory
C)feminist theory
D)Marxism
E)symbolic interactionism
Answer: D
Q2) Theorists of __________ such as Auguste Comte and Émile Durkheim compared societies to the workings of a human body.
A)functionalism
B)postmodern theory
C)feminist theory
D)Marxism
E)symbolic interactionism
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Culture and Society
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Q1) Maria wants to look at how immigrant communities in the United States come to acquire the dominant culture into which they have moved.She is studying the process of:
A)primitive accumulation
B)assimilation
C)cultural resistance
D)nationalism
E)multiculturalism
Answer: B
Q2) According to the text,what percentage of human societies uses speech?
A)100 percent
B)75 percent
C)50 percent
D)25 percent
E)15 percent
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging
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Q1) According to George Herbert Mead,the socialization process occurs in three stages: the "I" stage,the __________ stage,and the generalized other stage.
A)"me"
B)othering
C)self-consciousness
D)ego
E)social self
Answer: A
Q2) Discrimination on the basis of age is __________ in the United States.
A)illegal
B)uncommon
C)encouraged
D)legal
E)no longer a problem
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age
of the Internet
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Q1) Throughout our day we alternate our activities and where they take place according to what sociologists call:
A)time-space
B)space continuum
C)time-mood
D)social expectations
E)time expectations
Q2) An example of audience segregation is:
A)being openly gay at home but being "straight" at work for fear of discrimination
B)inviting both spouses' families over for a holiday even though they are uncomfortable around each other
C)keeping two of your friends who do not like each other apart at a party
D)making sure that your white and black friends never meet each other
E)taking a friend to a concert to introduce her to music she has never heard before
Q3) According to sociologists,all of us have multiple social roles.What are your social roles,and how are they related to your social position?
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6
Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations
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Q1) Of the following,which is NOT a principle of George Ritzer's theory of the McDonaldization of society?
A)efficiency
B)calculability
C)dependability
D)uniformity
E)control through automation
Q2) According to Robert Michels's concept of the "iron law of oligarchy":
A)Societies dominated by large-scale organizations will turn us all into machines.
B)In large-scale organizations, power is inevitably concentrated at the top.
C)Power is concentrated at the bottom in large-scale organizations.
D)Large-scale organizations will become more concentrated until there are only a few organizations.
E)Power is evenly distributed in large-scale organizations.
Q3) List and explain the characteristics of the "ideal type of bureaucracy" that Max Weber described and how they are evident or not evident in your college or university.
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Chapter 6: Conformity, Deviance, and Crime
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Q1) Theorizing that terrorists have a certain personality profile is an example of which view of deviance?
A)biological view
B)psychological view
C)sociological view
D)evolutionary view
E)rational choice view
Q2) An experiment by sociologist Devah Pager showed that __________ is least likely to be hired.
A)a white man with no criminal record
B)a white man with a criminal record
C)a black man with no criminal record
D)a black man with a criminal record
E)none of the above; there was no difference among the four groups
Q3) In 2009,what percent of people in jail were men?
A)12.2 percent
B)30.3 percent
C)45.4 percent
D)67.5 percent
E)87.8 percent
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Chapter 7: Stratification, Class, and Inequality
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Q1) Although sociologists agree that there are no clear divisions between classes in the United States,they generally identify __________ classes.
A)six
B)four
C)two
D)five
E)three
Q2) According to the textbook,what is the main reason that slavery does not exist in most societies around the world today?
A)because it is an inefficient economic system
B)because slaves are too expensive to buy
C)because human rights became an important concept in industrial societies
D)because a postindustrial society required a different economic system
E)because machines displaced slaves
Q3) Why do sociologists say we are seeing "the feminization of poverty"? Which social groups are most likely to be represented among poor women? How has this affected the number and percentage of children living in poverty in the United States?
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9
Chapter 8: Global Inequality
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Q1) Ida studies the economic landscape of Bolivia.Her research has led her to believe that Bolivia will never develop until it abandons its traditional culture and instead focuses on productive investment.Her view is best described by what theory or set of theories?
A)dependency theories
B)state-centered theories
C)world-systems theory
D)modernization theory
E)market-oriented theories
Q2) Christopher concludes a journal article he has written with this sentence: "This irony points out that hunger is probably not a problem of production; it is a problem of distribution." What irony is Christopher likely referring to?
A)There really is not enough food to go around.
B)Food production has been steadily increasing, often in countries experiencing widespread hunger.
C)The gendered nature of hunger disproportionately affects men.
D)While often seen as a privileged group, poor whites constitute the largest segment of hungry people in the world.
E)Even large chunks of wealthy people suffer from the effects of famine.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Gender Inequality
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Q1) With respect to the study conducted in Great Britain investigating views of managers interviewing female applicants for positions as technical staff members in the health services mentioned in your textbook,which of the following statements is NOT true?
A)Interviewers always asked the women about whether they had, or intended to have, children.
B)Interviewers always asked the men about whether they had, or intended to have, children.
C)Most interviewers saw asking women about whether they had, or intended to have, children as part of their task in assessing whether a female applicant would prove to be a reliable colleague.
D)Most interviewers accepted the principle that women should have the same career opportunities as men.
E)All of the above statements are true.
Q2) What does the research on monkeys castrated a birth and the story of identical twins raised as different genders suggest about the role of social interaction and social context in explaining gender differences?
Q3) Why are women so often the targets of sexual violence?
Q4) What criticisms do black feminists make about the feminist movement?
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Race
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Q1) Although Scott,an African American,was more qualified than Bernardo,a Hispanic American,Bernardo was hired instead of Scott because the owner believed that Hispanic Americans are harder workers than African Americans.Denying Scott the job is an example of:
A)prejudice
B)discrimination
C)displacement
D)projection
E)institutional racism
Q2) An individual or group blamed for wrongs that were not of their doing is called a:
A)stereotype
B)scapegoat
C)victim
D)minority group
E)dominant group
Q3) Cuban Americans are relatively more successful than Mexican Americans.How can this difference be explained?
Q4) What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? Is discrimination always preceded by prejudice?
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Chapter 11: Families and Intimate Relationships
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Q1) According to Naomi Cahn and June Carbone,how are "red states" and "blue states" different with respect to the family? In your answer,discuss the differing attitudes toward the family and differences in divorce rates and nonmarital childbirth rates.Do behavior differences match value differences? How can this be explained?
Q2) It was common in Ladakhi society for brothers to share one wife.This type of marriage is an example of:
A)monogamy
B)polygyny
C)polyandry
D)patrilocality
E)promiscuity
Q3) For young people,how does a cohabiting relationship usually begin?
A)Most young people who live together decided do so after becoming engaged.
B)Most young people decide to move in together after calculated planning.
C)Most young people come to live together by drifting into it.
D)Most young people start living together after one person is forced out of a parent's house.
E)Most young people started living together after saving enough money to get married.
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Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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Q1) Lorna's research shows a steady decline in participation in religious life in her small community in Texas and,thus,a decline in the social and political power of religious institutions there.Sociologists refer to this process as:
A)secularization
B)fundamentalism
C)socialization
D)role strain
E)religious economy
Q2) The linking of strongly held religious convictions with beliefs about a people's social and political destiny is called:
A)a Fatwa
B)religious nationalism
C)fundamentalism
D)ecumenicism
E)alterity
Q3) What are some theories for why schooling has developed as it has in modern society?
Q4) How do religious groupings in the United States vary by region and socioeconomic status,according to the text?
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Chapter 13: Politics and Economic Life
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Q1) As a member of the National Organization for Women (NOW),Mercedes would be most likely to try to lobby for which of the following issues?
A)increasing the military budget
B)a constitutional amendment to provide free universal housing
C)vouchers for parents who want to send their children to private religious schools
D)equality in the workplace
E)decriminalization of soft drugs
Q2) All of the following terms are more or less synonymous to sociologists EXCEPT:
A)the postindustrial society
B)the information age
C)the Neolithic age
D)the "new" economy
E)the knowledge economy
Q3) What are the three main characteristics of the modern nation-state?
Q4) Compare and contrast pluralist theories of modern democracy and the power elite model.
Q5) Using the concept of division of labor,describe the key differences in the nature of work in traditional versus modern societies.
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Chapter 14: The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the biomedical model of health?
Q2) Describe the mainstream gay and lesbian rights movement of today.
Q3) According to the text,why may differences in occupational status lead to inequalities in health and illness even when medical care is fairly evenly distributed?
A)because hospitals are located closer to professionals and white-collar workers
B)because manual laborers often come from immigrant backgrounds and bring many health problems with them from their places of origin
C)because government health programs offer a wider variety of solutions to people from professional backgrounds than to other workers
D)because those who work in offices or in domestic settings have less risk of injury or exposure to hazardous materials than some manual workers
E)because many studies have shown that doctors subconsciously divert significantly more time and resources to people who they believe are professionals.
Q4) Why are infectious diseases more common in developing nations than in the United States today?
Q5) Describe changes in sexual practices over the past two centuries.
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Chapter 15: Urbanization, Population, and the Environment
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Q1) Urban growth in less developed countries is high because of higher birth rates in these countries as well as:
A)high crime in rural areas
B)high rates of internal migration
C)high rates of migration from other countries
D)government mandates to move people to the city
E)all of the above
Q2) The number of children women are biologically able to produce is known as:
A)the crude birth rate
B)fertility
C)fecundity
D)the crude fertility rate
E)the rate of population growth
Q3) Discuss urban ecology and urbanism- the two approaches to understanding urban life that were developed by the Chicago School.How have contributions by new researchers,such as Jane Jacobs,David Harvey,and Manuel Castells,added to or replaced these earlier ideas?
Q4) Why are developing countries experiencing urbanization at such a rapid pace? What social,economic,and environmental challenges do those cities face in dealing with this rapid urbanization?
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Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World
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Q1) Jared Diamond's explanation of the collapse of Rwandan society is criticized for placing too much emphasis on:
A)ethnic tensions
B)cultural and political explanations at the expense of environmental factors
C)environmental factors at the expense of the political and cultural factors
D)the government
E)none of the above
Q2) In a knowledge-based economy,many industrial workers have been left unemployed and without the skills required to find good jobs.This is due to:
A)new social problems, such as long-term unemployment
B)new types of education, which are training workers for the knowledge economy
C)long-standing employment patterns
D)global trade and new forms of technology
E)all of the above
Q3) According to Charles Tilly's model,what are the four main components of collective action? Provide detailed examples of each component to fully illustrate your understanding of Tilly's model.
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