Introduction to Research Methods Textbook Exam Questions https://quizplus.com/study-set/442 16 Chapters 1073 Verified Questions
Introduction to Research Methods Textbook Exam Questions Course Introduction Introduction to Research Methods provides students with a foundational understanding of the principles and practices involved in conducting academic research. The course covers essential topics such as research design, hypothesis formulation, sampling techniques, data collection methods, and ethical considerations. Students will learn how to critically evaluate sources, construct research questions, analyze qualitative and quantitative data, and effectively communicate their findings. Emphasis is placed on developing practical skills for designing and implementing research projects across various disciplines, preparing students for advanced study and professional research activities.
Recommended Textbook Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences 4th Edition by Frederick J Gravetter
Available Study Resources on Quizplus 16 Chapters 1073 Verified Questions 1073 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/442
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Chapter 1: Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 67 Verified Questions 67 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7835
Sample Questions Q1) Explain what it means to say that the scientific method or the research process can be viewed as a never ending circle or a spiral of steps rather than a linear process that leads to an end. Answer: Research always produces tentative answers.It is always understood that new information may appear tomorrow that changes the way we think about behavior today.The results from one research study usually generate new questions for future research,or the results may be challenged or tested by additional research.Thus,the "end" on one research study is usually the beginning for other studies and the cycle continues. Q2) In the scientific method,the process of forming a hypothesis means that you are trying to find a possible explanation for the phenomenon that you have observed. A)True B)False Answer: True Q3) Part of the scientific method involves using a hypothesis to make predictions. A)True B)False Answer: True To view all questions and flashcards with Page answers, 3 click on the resource link above.
Chapter 2: Research Ideas Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 68 Verified Questions 68 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7836
Sample Questions Q1) The results section of a research article typically A)provides interpretation of the findings. B)describes the overall purpose and rationale of the research. C)includes the outcome of statistical analyses. D)provides the details of the methodology used in the study. Answer: C Q2) A researcher is intrigued by an explanation of children's problem-solving strategies found in a journal article,and develops a research study to determine whether the article's ideas are correct.This study can be classified as _______ research. A)basic B)applied C)systematic D)necessary Answer: A Q3) Although it is best to start with a specific research idea in mind,it also is possible to find ideas by reading other research reports. A)True B)False Answer: False To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Defining and Measuring Variables Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 68 Verified Questions 68 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7837
Sample Questions Q1) Suppose a researcher wants to evaluate a self-esteem program by measuring students' self-esteem before and after a self-esteem program is administered.If all of the students score very high in self-esteem before the program begins,then the measurement procedure has a sensitivity problem known as A)a floor effect. B)a ceiling effect. C)a hypersensitive effect. D)a hyposensitive effect. Answer: B Q2) Two observers record similar measurements of behavior for a group of children they are watching.The researchers have established what kind reliability? A)split-half reliability B)internal reliability C)test-retest reliability D)inter-rater reliability Answer: D To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
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Chapter 4: Ethics in Research Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 67 Verified Questions 67 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7838
Sample Questions Q1) One safeguard against fraud is review by the IRB. A)True B)False Q2) Which of the following was not mentioned as a safeguard against fraud? A)careful review by the IRB B)potential replication of the research C)peer review of the research report D)the consequences of being found guilty of fraud Q3) Milgram's obedience study is ethically questionable because the shocks posed a threat of physical harm. A)True B)False Q4) Which of the following forms of deception is not permitted? A)lying to the participants about the purpose of the study B)not telling participants about a possible risk in the study C)observing participants who don't know they are being observed D)causing participants to misunderstand the study Q5) Describe the common components of consent forms. Q6) Describe the factors that influence a debriefing's effectiveness. Q7) Explain the role of the IRB.
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Chapter 5: Selecting Research Participants Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 66 Verified Questions 66 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7839
Sample Questions Q1) A method for random sampling is A)sampling with replacement. B)sampling without replacement. C)sampling with replacement and sampling without replacement. D)Neither sampling with nor without replacement is a method of random sampling. Q2) A large sample is probably more representative than a small sample. A)True B)False Q3) Describe the basic distinction between probability sampling and nonprobability and explain why most psychology research uses nonprobability methods. Q4) The most commonly used sampling method in psychological research is probably A)cluster sampling. B)quota sampling. C)simple random sampling. D)convenience sampling. Q5) If you cannot list all the individuals in the population,then you cannot take a simple random sample. A)True B)False 7 click on the resource link above. To view all questions and flashcards with Page answers,
Chapter 6: Research Strategies and Validity Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 67 Verified Questions 67 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7840
Sample Questions Q1) If a researcher measures self-esteem with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,will another researcher get the same results measuring self-esteem with the Harter Self-Esteem Measure? This is a question of A)external validity. B)internal validity. C)reliability. D)accuracy. Q2) If the participants in one treatment condition are noticeably older than the participants in another treatment condition,then participant age is a confounding variable. A)True B)False Q3) Experimental and nonexperimental studies both involve comparing groups of scores. A)True B)False Q4) Define external validity in research design.Describe in detail one threat to the external validity of a research study.Be sure to specify how that characteristic is a threat to external validity. To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: The Experimental Research Strategy Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 67 Verified Questions 67 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7841
Sample Questions Q1) What is the general purpose for using simulations and field studies? A)to increase external validity B)to increase internal validity C)to verify that the manipulation of the independent variable was successful D)to prevent extraneous variables from becoming confounding variables Q2) Dr.Adams is studying how the quality of breakfast influences academic performance for elementary school children.A sample of 100 children is selected.Fifty children are provided with a nutritious breakfast when they arrive at school each morning.The other 50 children are given a doughnut each morning.After three months,Dr.Adams records the academic achievement level for each child and compares the two groups of scores.In this example,how many levels are there for the independent variable? A)100 B)50 C)2 D)1 Q3) Explain the difference between a no-treatment control group and a placebo control group. Q4) Describe one situation where a manipulation check might be appropriate and explain what the manipulation check is intended to accomplish. To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 67 Verified Questions 67 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7842
Sample Questions Q1) A disadvantage of holding a variable constant is that it limits an experiment's external validity. A)True B)False Q2) Holding a variable constant guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable. A)True B)False Q3) Holding a variable constant prevents a variable from becoming a confound by A)eliminating the possibility that the variable will be substantially different from one group to another. B)reducing error. C)ensuring a nonbiased sample. D)increasing the differences between the groups. Q4) Random assignment guarantees that participant characteristics do not become a confounding variable. A)True B)False Q5) Describe the basic characteristics of a between-subjects experiment. Page in 10 a between-subjects design. Q6) Explain the benefit of independent scores To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 67 Verified Questions 67 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7843
Sample Questions Q1) Just as random assignment is routinely used to protect the internal validity of between-subjects research,counterbalancing is routinely used to protect the internal validity of within-subjects research. A)True B)False Q2) Which of the following differentiates a matched-subjects design from a within-subjects design? A)The matched-subjects design uses only one group of participants. B)The matched-subjects design removes individual differences from the variance. C)The matched-subjects design reduces the likelihood that individual differences can become a confounding variable. D)The matched-subjects design uses a different group of participants for each treatment condition. Q3) In a Latin square A)each participant receives each treatment in the same order. B)each treatment is administered first in the series for one group of participants. C)each participant receives a different treatment. D)every possible ordering of treatment conditions is used. To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 67 Verified Questions 67 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7844
Sample Questions Q1) A longitudinal developmental design is an example of the general category of A)nonequivalent group designs. B)one-group pretest-posttest designs. C)time-series designs. D)interrupted time-series designs. Q2) Describe the similarities and differences between time-series and interrupted time-series designs. Q3) The pre-post designs are similar to within-subjects designs,however in a pre-post design it is impossible to A)randomly assign participants. B)counterbalance order of treatments. C)control for differential effects. D)generalize the results. Q4) In a time-series design a researcher makes multiple observations before and after the introduction of a treatment. A)True B)False
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Q5) Distinguish nonexperimental designs from quasi-experimental designs. To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: Factorial Designs Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 67 Verified Questions 67 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7845
Sample Questions Q1) In a factorial design,an interaction between the factors occurs whenever A)the mean differences between the cells are not explained by the main effects. B)the mean differences between the cells are explained by the main effects. C)there are differences between the overall column means. D)there are differences between the overall row means. Q2) In a 2 x 3 between-subjects factorial experiment,there are _____ groups of participants. A)2 B)3 C)6 D)8 Q3) In a matrix representing the structure of a factorial design,the differences between the overall column means define A)the main effect for one factor. B)the interaction between the factors. C)the main effect and the interaction between the factors. D)nothing. Q4) In a two-factor design,there are two separate interactions. A)True B)False Page 13 To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: The Correlational Research Strategy Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 67 Verified Questions 67 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7846
Sample Questions Q1) A Pearson correlation of r = +0.9 indicates that a graph of the data would show A)points clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right. B)points clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right. C)points widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right. D)points widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right. Q2) The coefficient of determination is A)computed by taking the square root of the correlation coefficient. B)computed by squaring the correlation coefficient. C)identical to the correlation coefficient. D)independent of the value of the correlation coefficient. Q3) A college professor reports that students who finish exams early tend to get better grades than students who hold onto exams until the last possible moment.The correlation between exam score and amount of time spent on the exam is an example of A)a positive correlation. B)a negative correlation. C)a correlation near zero. D)a correlation near one. Q4) Describe the differences between a correlational study and differential research. To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Descriptive Research Strategy Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 67 Verified Questions 67 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7847
Sample Questions Q1) A researcher has pairs of college student participants play a card game in the laboratory.However,the game is rigged to ensure that one participant experiences a long losing streak so that the researcher can observe how the losing students behave when they are frustrated.For this study,what kind of behavioral observation is being used? A)naturalistic observation B)participant observation C)contrived observation D)unstructured observation Q2) The multiple-personality study reported in Thigpen and Cleckley's Three Faces of Eve is an example of A)participant observation. B)naturalistic observation. C)correlational research. D)case study research. Q3) What is a disadvantage of administering a survey by phone? A)time consuming B)interviewer bias C)time consuming and interviewer bias D)neither time or interviewer bias is a disadvantage To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Single-Subject Research Designs Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 67 Verified Questions 67 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7848
Sample Questions Q1) The optimal length of a phase is three observations. A)True B)False Q2) In single-subject research (specifically in phase-change designs),a phase consists of A)a series of observations conducted over time. B)a series of observations of the same individual. C)a series of observations under the same conditions. D)the other three choices are all components of a phase. Q3) The second AB in the sequence of an ABAB design provides evidence of A)external validity. B)internal validity. C)reactivity. D)experimenter bias. Q4) In a single-subject phase change design,when does a researcher change phases? A)after 3 observations B)after 5 or 6 observations C)when the data show a clear and stable pattern D)at the beginning of each week Q5) Describe the goal of a single-subject research study. Page 16 To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 15: Statistical Evaluation of Data Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 67 Verified Questions 67 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7849
Sample Questions Q1) Cohen's kappa is used to correct for chance agreements when computing inter-rater reliability. A)True B)False Q2) A Type II error means that a researcher has A)falsely concluded that a treatment has an effect. B)correctly concluded that a treatment has no effect. C)falsely concluded that a treatment has no effect. D)correctly concluded that a treatment has an effect. Q3) The purpose of a hypothesis test is A)to measures the strength of the relationship between two variables. B)to determine the direction of the relationship between two variables. C)to determine whether the patterns observed in sample data justify a conclusion that there are corresponding patterns in the population. D)all of the other options are goals of a hypothesis test. Q4) One concern with measuring split-half reliability is that many different correlations are possible depending on how you decide to split the test items in half. A)True B)False To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Writing a Research Report Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper 67 Verified Questions 67 Flashcards Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7850
Sample Questions Q1) The running head is A)the title of the research report. B)a complete,but abbreviated title. C)the first two to three words of the title. D)the page header. Q2) In the materials subsection of an APA-style methods section,you tell the reader A)what equipment was used in the study. B)who participated in the study. C)what questionnaires were used in the study. D)the preliminary results of the study. Q3) Every item listed in the references must be cited in the paper. A)True B)False Q4) A poster for a conference simply involves posting your written research report. A)True B)False Q5) When reporting statistical significance of inferential statistics,what items should be included? Q6) Describe the ways in which a research proposal is different from a research report. Page 18 To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.