Introduction to Psychological Disorders
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers an overview of psychological disorders, exploring their definitions, symptoms, causes, and treatments from both historical and contemporary perspectives. Students will examine major categories of mental health conditions as outlined in the DSM-5, such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, and personality disorders. Emphasis is placed on understanding the biopsychosocial factors contributing to mental illness, the impact of stigma, and the importance of evidence-based interventions. Through case studies, discussions, and critical analysis, students will develop a foundational comprehension of psychological disorders relevant to further studies in psychology and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition by Thomas F. Oltmanns
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Chapter 1: Examples and Definitions of Abnormal Behavior
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Q1) What principle guided developers of the DSM-5 as they wrote definitions of mental disorders?
A)Definitions should consider political factors.
B)Disorders should be associated with distress or disability.
C)Deviant behaviors that are encouraged by certain religions should be included.
D)Abnormal behaviors should have a biological basis to be considered mental disorders.
Answer: B
Q2) An epidemiologist conducts a comparison of the incidence of bulimia nervosa in various groups.The data can be categorized in many ways.After analyzing the data,what is the epidemiologist likely to say her findings reveal?
A)The incidence is declining among all groups.
B)The rate is relatively even across socioeconomic and age groups.
C)The incidence is much higher among university women than among working women.
D)The incidence is high among older women who have recently entered the workforce.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Causes of Abnormal Behavior
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Q1) The textbook uses the example of "anxious" parents giving their children "anxiety" promoting genes and raising them in an environment of anxiety as an example of gene-environment ____________.
Answer: correlation
Q2) A researcher described her approach to understanding mental disorders as biopsychosocial.When you ask her to explain what she means,what is she likely to say?
A)Biological abnormalities give rise to psychological disturbances that have social consequences.
B)Biological,psychological,and social factors are just as likely to be the cause of these disorders.
C)The integration of biological,psychological,and social factors provides the most fruitful avenue for discovering the cause of most mental disorders.
D)The search for etiologies is best accomplished by viewing the evidence through the lens provided by one of the major paradigms.
Answer: C
Q3) Multiple stressors or _________ __________ may contribute to mental disorders.
Answer: risk factors
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Chapter 3: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Discuss some of the major issues in the use of psychotropic drugs to treat mental disorders.
Answer: (1)There is considerable evidence that indicates that various drugs are safe and effective treatments for particular mental disorders.(2)These drugs offer symptom relief,but they do not offer a cure for the underlying pathology.(3)All drugs have side effects,which is one of the major reasons that many patients do not take their medications.(4)Many drugs must be taken for long periods of time.It may be necessary to take the drugs for months,years,or sometimes for a lifetime.
Q2) What interesting finding has emerged from the analysis of tapes of therapy sessions conducted by Carl Rogers?
A)Much of the session focused on early childhood experiences.
B)Several specific behavioral procedures were used during the sessions.
C)Despite his opposition to psychoanalytic techniques,he used dream analysis extensively.
D)Although he advocated a nondirective approach,he was subtly directive by empathizing with some client statements but not others.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
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Q1) Structured diagnostic interviews are used extensively in conjunction with the DSM-5 classification system.The main advantage of using these tools is
A)some clients are unwilling to provide a rational description of their own problems
B)to reduce the need to establish rapport
C)some clients are unable to provide a rational description of their own problems
D)flexibility
Q2) What is one of the limitations of projective personality testing?
A)They provide little information on normal individuals or children.
B)They focus on unconscious factors.
C)Clients easily see through the testing.
D)Standardized procedures leave little room for clinical judgment.
Q3) Compare and contrast a dimensional classification system with a categorical classification system,such as the current DSM-5.
Q4) In a client's intake interview,the clinician reads him a set specific questions about his symptoms in a particular order.He is being given a __________ interview.
Q5) Describe some disadvantages of the current DSM-5 classification system.
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Chapter 5: Mood Disorders and Suicide
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Q1) Which of the following sets of symptoms suggests the presence of melancholia?
A)weight gain,dysphoria,and hallucinations
B)anxiety,excessive guilt,and depression worse in the evening
C)difficulty getting to sleep,psychomotor agitation,and significant weight gain
D)absence of any feelings of pleasure,early morning awakening,and marked psychomotor retardation
Q2) The endocrine system and the central nervous system may be linked in the etiology of depression through which substance?
A)cortisol
B)dopamine
C)HPA
D)dexamethasone
Q3) Harold has just been diagnosed as suffering from major depressive disorder.In planning his treatment,the mental health professionals will discover that he has a comorbid condition.Which of the following is the most likely comorbid condition?
A)alcoholism
B)hypochondriasis
C)paranoid schizophrenia
D)histrionic personality disorder
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Chapter 6: Anxiety Disorders
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Q1) What is the only anxiety disorder that does not exhibit a significant gender difference?
A)agoraphobia
B)panic disorder
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder
Q2) Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)is one of the most controversial anxiety disorders because
A)the diagnostic reliability of GAD is lower than that of other anxiety disorders.
B)the symptoms of GAD primarily involve depression.
C)the criteria for GAD do not involve any reference to etiology.
D)the symptoms of GAD are no different than normal worrying.
Q3) As a cognitive psychologist,you hypothesis that many factors can contribute to the cause of an anxiety disorder,but the following are especially important:
A)conditioned stimuli and responses.
B)perceptions,memories and attention.
C)negative reinforcement.
D)neurotransmitter levels.
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Chapter 7: Acute and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders,
Dissociative Disorders, and Somatic Symptom Disorders
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Q1) __________ disorders are characterized by persistent,maladaptive disruptions in the integration of memory,consciousness,or identity.
Q2) The term given to positive changes resulting from trauma is
A)posttraumatic growth.
B)hardiness.
C)integration.
D)meaning making.
Q3) Which of the following is a good definition of dissociation?
A)separation from loved ones
B)withdrawal from intimate relationships and social isolation
C)disruption of the mental processes of memory,consciousness,identity,and perception
D)the disengagement of physiological from psychological processes
Q4) Donna has a somatic symptom disorder.According to a cognitive behavior therapist,how is her disorder likely to be perpetuated?
A)getting attention and getting to miss work
B)stigma from a society that labels her mentally ill
C)complications from associated anxiety or depression
D)negative self-statements that reduce her self-esteem
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Chapter 8: Stress and Physical Health
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Q1) Which of the following situational traits would describe a job with the highest level of stress?
A)low decisional control with low psychological demands
B)low decisional control with high psychological demands
C)high decisional control with low psychological demands
D)high decisional control with high psychological demands
Q2) A ________ research design involves studying people repeatedly over time.
A)sagittal
B)horizontal
C)cross-sectional
D)longitudinal
Q3) For those infected with HIV,________ is associated with a more gradual onset of symptoms.
A)use of condoms
B)social support
C)being female
D)access to prevention programs
Q4) Describe the concept of Type A behavior and how it is measured.What does research show concerning the relationship between Type A and cardiovascular disease?
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Chapter 9: Personality Disorders
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Q1) Which hypothesis offers an explanation for why psychopaths often do not respond normally to punishment?
A)They are preoccupied with the potential for a successful outcome.
B)They have never been punished.
C)They have been punished too often.
D)They lack the necessary cognitive skills to understand punishment.
Q2) In personality theory,neuroticism refers to
A)conscientiousness.
B)bizarre and unusual thinking.
C)the expression of anxiety and depression.
D)a low interest in interacting with other people.
Q3) __________ refers to a person's most basic,characteristic styles of relating to the world,especially those styles that are evident during the first year of life.
Q4) __________ personality disorder has a relatively high recovery rate following early detection and therapy.
A)Avoidant
B)Antisocial
C)Borderline
D)Schizotypal
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Chapter 10: Feeding and Eating Disorders
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Q1) Research participants have been asked to identify with a figure within a series of schematic figures of women ranging from very thin to very obese.What is the subject of this research?
A)body-size delusional systems
B)deficits in sensory perception
C)dissatisfaction with body image
D)the effects of punishment on eating behavior
Q2) In the long run,viewed in a timeframe longer than 12 months,the most effective form of psychotherapy for the treatment of bulimia nervosa seems to be __________ .
Q3) Which is most accurate with regard to why the purging and nonpurging subtypes of bulimia nervosa were removed from DSM-5?
A)They were not supported by the research.
B)The subtypes were separated into distinct diagnoses.
C)This distinction was only useful when deciding on treatment strategies.
D)The distinction was confusing to clinicians.
Q4) ____________ eating is defined as eating an amount of food that is clearly larger than most people would eat under similar circumstances in a fixed period of time,for example,less than 2 hours.
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Chapter 11: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
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Q1) What is likely to occur if Javier takes Antabuse and then has a shot of whiskey?
A)He will become aggressive.
B)He will become violently ill.
C)He will become intoxicated more quickly.
D)He will not feel the effects of the alcohol.
Q2) Which of the following characteristics are strong predictors of adolescents' initial experimentation with drugs?
A)extroversion and agreeableness
B)introversion and impulsiveness
C)rebelliousness and extroversion
D)introversion and conscientiousness
Q3) What is an underlying notion that supports the 12-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous?
A)spiritual ideas about recovery
B)psychological theories of defense mechanisms
C)biological evidence of changes accompanying abstinence
D)scientific evidence of cognitive changes accompanying abstinence
Q4) Addiction and dependence are older terms that are often used to describe problems such as alcoholism.These terms have been replaced in official terminology by the term __________.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders and Gender Dysphoria
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Q1) Discuss the approach to viewing the problem of uncontrolled sexual behavior as a form of addiction.
Q2) Why do psychologists consider sexual arousal to be a hypothetical construct?
A)It cannot be measured directly.
B)Its definition differs across cultures.
C)It has such diverse expression across individuals.
D)It can be objectively measured for research purposes.
Q3) The National Health and Social Life Survey found that the percentage of
A)women who always achieve orgasm during sex is relatively small,yet the percentage who report being extremely physically satisfied is relatively high.
B)men who always achieve orgasm during sex is relatively small,yet the percentage who report being extremely physically satisfied is relatively high.
C)women who always achieve orgasm during sex is relatively high,yet the percentage who report being extremely physically satisfied is relatively low.
D)men who always achieve orgasm during sex is relatively high,yet the percentage who report being extremely physically satisfied is relatively low.
Q4) The association of sexual arousal with nonliving objects is called __________.
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Chapter 13: Disorders
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Q1) In support of the theory that viral infection may play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia is the observation that children born during the __________ season are more likely to develop the disorder.
Q2) Avolition refers to
A)indecisiveness and a lack of willpower. B)lack of speech.
C)loose associations.
D)inappropriate affect.
Q3) If a person displays psychotic symptoms for at least one month but less than six months,the DSM-5 diagnosis would be A)schizophrenia.
B)grossly disorganized disorder.
C)autism spectrum disorder.
D)schizophreniform disorder.
Q4) The feature that hallucinations in schizophrenia share in common is A)visual experience.
B)auditory experience.
C)the voice of God. D)sensory experience.
Q5) What are the atypical antipsychotic drugs and why are they used?
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Chapter 14: Neurocognitive Disorders
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Q1) What are some of the features that distinguish delirium from dementia?
Q2) The Mini-Mental State Examination is used to assess A)cognitive impairment.
B)microscopic brain lesions.
C)a patient's level of depression.
D)clinicians' qualifications as neurologists.
Q3) If the World Health Organization assembled the most respected researchers on the genetics of Alzheimer's disease and asked them to review the research,which of the following would be the most appropriate title for that report?
A)"A Single Disease,a Single Gene"
B)"How Toxins Affect Genetic Vulnerability"
C)"Link Identified: Distractibility as the Key"
D)"Alzheimer's Disease: No Single Genetic Path"
Q4) ____________ amnesia refers to the loss of memory for events prior to the onset of an illness or the experience of a traumatic event.
Q5) A physician who deals primarily with diseases of the brain and the nervous system is known as a(n)
Q6) How do retrograde and anterograde amnesia differ?
Q7) Describe the emotional changes that may accompany dementia.
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Chapter 15: Intellectual Disabilities and Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Q1) What types of intellectual disability are described by the term cultural-familial?
A)those due to drug abuse during pregnancy
B)those resulting from sexually transmitted diseases
C)those that run in families and are linked to poverty
D)those that are due to chromosomal abnormalities common in certain ethnic groups
Q2) Due to a U.S.Supreme Court ruling that death constitutes "cruel and unusual punishment" for people with intellectual disabilities,an IQ score of 69 rather than 70 can mean
A)death.
B)retrial.
C)treatment.
D)exoneration.
Q3) The findings of a study of autistic children conducted by Lovaas found that A)using American Sign Language produced the strongest results.
B)there were no differences between three groups observed.
C)the group receiving intensive behavior modification did the best in school.
D)the group of children receiving empathy training did the best in school.
Q4) What evidence suggests that there is a genetic component to the etiology of ASD?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders of Childhood
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Q1) Which of the following people exhibits behavior that is most likely to lead to the diagnosis of Tourette's disorder?
A)Barry,who has motor and verbal tics
B)Stephanie,who suffers epileptic seizures
C)Manuela,who has difficulty moving her arms and legs
D)Sid,who suffers frequent dissociative episodes
Q2) Which of the following would be considered a symptom of an internalizing disorder?
A)irritable mood
B)antisocial behavior
C)aggression
D)somatic complaints
Q3) In a large sample of males followed from birth into adulthood,child maltreatment predicted significantly more adolescent conduct problems if the boys were genetically predisposed to__________ activity.
A)high MAOA
B)low MAOA
C)low dopamine
D)high dopamine
Q4) Parenting that is both loving and firm is labeled __________ .
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Chapter 17: Adjustment Disorders and Life-Cycle
Transitions
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Q1) The proportion of the population of the United States age 65 and older is predicted to peak in ________,at which point one in every five Americans will be age 65 or older.
A)2015
B)2020
C)2030
D)2050
Q2) DSM-5 groups adjustment disorders,acute stress disorders,and posttraumatic stress disorder together because all are caused by stress.What makes adjustment disorder different from the other two?
A)Adjustment disorder is a reaction to a very high degree of stressor that is not life-threatening.
B)Adjustment disorder can be a reaction to a stressor of any severity.
C)Adjustment disorder is much less severe and will always get better on its own.
D)Adjustment disorder is much more severe and requires medical interventions.
Q3) What is one of the limitations in the use of a heritability ratio?
A)It cannot be generalized to the whole population.
B)It reflects only theoretically diverse environments.
C)Its calculation ignores environmental variance in a sample.
D)It can only be used to describe biological characteristics.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Mental Health and the Law
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Q1) The mental disorder defense was codified in 1843,after _______was found not guilty by reason of insanity.
A)Freud
B)Hinckley
C)M'Naghten
D)Conan-Doyle
Q2) In reviewing hospital security tapes,several parents are observed trying to do physical harm to their children.These parents may be diagnosed with ________,a rare mental disorder in which parents fabricate or induce illness or injury in their children.
A)child abuse syndrome
B)schizophrenia
C)psychopathy
D)Munchausen-by-proxy syndrome
Q3) The legal definition of insanity is
A)not the same as the psychological definition of mental illness.
B)essentially the same as the psychological definition of mental illness.
C)a requirement that must be met prior to voluntary commitment.
D)that a person who is insane is legally responsible for his or her actions.
Q4) Discuss the value of divorce mediation in child custody disputes.
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