Introduction to Professional Nursing Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Introduction to Professional Nursing provides an overview of the nursing profession, exploring its historical development, key concepts, and foundational theories. The course examines the role and responsibilities of professional nurses within diverse healthcare settings, emphasizing ethical practice, patient-centered care, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Students will learn about nursing standards, communication skills, and legal frameworks that guide practice, as well as core concepts such as evidence-based care, cultural competence, and patient safety. By the end of the course, students will gain a broad understanding of the nursing professions scope, expectations, and critical role in promoting health and well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Fundamentals of Nursing 8th Edition by Taylor
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45 Chapters
1562 Verified Questions
1562 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing
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Q1) A nurse is assigned the care of a client who has been admitted to the health care facility with high fever. Which nursing skill should be put into practice at the first contact with the client?
A) Assessment
B) Caring
C) Comforting
D) Counseling
Answer: A
Q2) The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice?
A) Nursing process
B) Nursing's Social Policy Statement
C) Nurse practice act
D) ANA Standards of Nursing Practice
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) An obstetrical nurse wishes to identify whether clients' perceptions of a high level of support from their partner is associated with a decreased length of the second stage of labor. Which type of quantitative research is most appropriate for this research question?
A) Correlational research
B) Descriptive research
C) Quasi-experimental research
D) Experimental research
Answer: A
Q2) During the first half of the 20th century, a change in the structure of society resulted in changed roles for women and, in turn, for nursing. What was one of these changes?
A) More women retired from the workforce to raise families.
B) Women became more dependent and sought higher education.
C) The focus of nursing changed to "hands-on training."
D) Nursing research was conducted and published.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Health, Illness, and Disparities
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Q1) Which of the following activities related to respiratory health is an example of tertiary health promotion and illness prevention?
A) Administering a nebulized bronchodilator to a client who is short of breath
B) Assisting with lung function testing of a client to help determine a diagnosis
C) Teaching a client that "light" cigarettes do not prevent lung disease
D) Advocating politically for more explicit warning labels on cigarette packages
Answer: A
Q2) A child age 4 years has leukemia but is now in remission. What does it mean to be in remission when one has a chronic illness?
A) The chronic disease has been cured.
B) Nothing further can be done in terms of treatment.
C) Severe symptoms of the chronic illness have reappeared.
D) The disease is present, but symptoms are not experienced.
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, and Community
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Q1) During the course of assessing the family structure and behaviors of a pediatric patient's family, the nurse has identified a number of highly significant risk factors. Which of the following actions should the nurse prioritize when addressing these risk factors?
A) Engage in appropriate health promotion activities.
B) Validate the family's unique way of being.
C) Enlist the help of community and social support.
D) Introduce the family to another family that possesses fewer risk factors.
Q2) Which of the following statements accurately describes a characteristic of a community?
A) Communities do not exist in rural areas.
B) Communities are formed by the characteristics of people and other factors.
C) Communities are not limited by geographic boundaries.
D) Communities have little or no effect of the health of residents.
Q3) According to Maslow's basic human needs hierarchy, which needs are the most basic?
A) Physiologic
B) Safety and security
C) Love and belonging
D) Self-esteem
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Cultural Diversity
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Q1) A nurse walks by a client's room and observes a Shaman performing a healing ritual for the client. The nurse then remarks to a coworker that the ritual is a waste of time and disruptive to the other clients on the floor. What feelings is this nurse displaying?
A) Culture conflict
B) Cultural blindness
C) Stereotyping
D) Cultural shock
Q2) When providing nursing care to an African American individual, which of the following cultural factors should the nurse consider?
A) Values and beliefs are often present oriented.
B) Families are usually patriarchal.
C) They possess weak religious affiliations.
D) Families are highly competitive.
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Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy
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Q1) Two children need a kidney transplant. One is the child of a famous sports figure, whereas the other child comes from a low-income family. What ethically relevant consideration is important to the nurse as an advocate for these clients?
A) Balance between benefits and harms in patient care
B) Norms of family life
C) Considerations of power
D) Cost-effectiveness and allocation
Q2) A nursing instructor is teaching a class about ethical principles to a group of nursing students. The instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students give which of the following as an example of nonmaleficence?
A) Protecting clients from a chemically impaired practitioner
B) Performing dressing changes to promote wound healing
C) Providing emotional support to clients who are anxious
D) Administering pain medications to a client in pain
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8
Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice
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Q1) A nurse does not assist with ambulation for a postoperative client on the first day after surgery. The client falls and fractures a hip. What charge might be brought against the nurse?
A) Assault
B) Battery
C) Fraud
D) Negligence
Q2) A nurse fails to administer a medication that prevents seizures, and the client has a seizure. The nurse is in violation of the Nurse Practice Act. What type of law is the nurse in violation of?
A) Criminal
B) Federal
C) Civil
D) Supreme
Q3) What type of law regulates the practice of nursing?
A) Common law
B) Public law
C) Civil law
D) Criminal law
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Page 9
Chapter 8: The Health Care Delivery System
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Q1) In providing nursing care, it is most important to perform which of the following actions?
A) Administration of prescribed medications
B) Implementation of physician's orders
C) Evaluation of client's responses
D) Coordination of care with the health care team
Q2) Which of the following clients is the most appropriate candidate for receiving outpatient care?
A) A client whose complaints of irregular bowel movements have necessitated a colonoscopy
B) A woman who has previously borne two children and is entering the second stage of labor
C) A man who is receiving treatment for sepsis after his blood cultures came back positive
D) A client with a history of depression who is currently expressing suicidal ideation
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Chapter 9: Care Coordination and Continuity
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Q1) A client asks a nurse, "How does ergotamine (Ergostat) relieve migraine headaches?"
The nurse should respond that it:
A) dilates cerebral blood vessels.
B) constricts cerebral blood vessels.
C) decreases peripheral vascular resistance.
D) decreases the stimulation of baroreceptors.
Q2) The nurse recognizes that the goals established for a client's discharge are more likely to be accomplished when ...
A) the client assists in developing the goals.
B) the physician develops the goals.
C) the nurse develops the goals.
D) the multidisciplinary team develops the goals.
Q3) Which of the following health care professionals prescribes home care and certifies the plan of care for the client?
A) Social worker
B) Discharge nurse
C) Home healthcare nurse
D) Physician
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Chapter 10: Blended Competencies
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Q1) What nursing organization first legitimized the use of the nursing process?
A) National League for Nursing
B) American Nurses Association
C) International Council of Nursing
D) State Board of Nursing
Q2) Which of the following groups developed standard language to increase the visibility of nursing's contribution to client care by continuing to develop, refine, and classify phenomena of concern to nurses?
A) NANDA
B) NIC
C) NOC
D) HHCC (now CCC)
Q3) What name is given to standardized plans of care?
A) Critical pathways
B) Computer databases
C) Nursing problems
D) Care plan templates
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Chapter 11: Assessing
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Q1) Which of the following data regarding a client with a diagnosis of colon cancer are subjective? Select all that apply.
A) The client's chemotherapy causes him nausea and loss of appetite.
B) The client became teary when his daughter from out of state came to the bedside.
C) The client's ileostomy put out 125 mL of effluent in the past four hours.
D) The patient is unwilling to manipulate or empty his ostomy bag.
E) The patient has been experiencing fatigue in recent weeks.
Q2) The nurse is performing an assessment of a client who has a small wound on the knee, collecting cues about the client's health status. Which of the following would the nurse identify as a subjective cue?
A) Sharp pain in the knee
B) Small bloody drainage on dressing
C) Temperature of 102 degrees F
D) Pulse rate of 90 beats per minute
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13
Chapter 12: Diagnosing
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Q1) In planning the care for a client who has pneumonia, the nurse collects data and develops nursing diagnoses. Which of the following is an example of a properly developed nursing diagnosis?
A) Ineffective airway clearance as evidenced by inability to clear secretions
B) Ineffective health maintenance as evidenced by unhealthy habits
C) Ineffective breathing pattern related to pneumonia
D) Ineffective therapeutic regimen management due to smoking
Q2) A client has an external fixation device on his leg due to a compound fracture. The client says that the device and swelling makes his leg look ugly. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse document in his care plan based on the client's concern?
A) Impaired physical mobility
B) Disturbed body image
C) Risk for infection
D) Risk for social isolation
Q3) Which of the following client care concerns is clearly a nursing responsibility?
A) Prescribing medications
B) Monitoring health status changes
C) Ordering diagnostic examinations
D) Performing surgical procedures
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Outcome Identification and Planning
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Q1) Which intervention does the nurse recognize as a collaborative intervention?
A) Teach the client how to walk with a three-point crutch gait.
B) Administer spironolactone (Aldactone).
C) Perform tracheostomy care every eight hours.
D) Straight catheterize every six hours.
Q2) The nursing diagnosis Impaired Gas Exchange, prioritized by Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs, is appropriate for what level of needs?
A) Physiologic
B) Safety
C) Love and belonging
D) Self-actualization
Q3) What part of the nursing diagnosis statement suggests the nursing interventions to be included in the plan of care?
A) Problem statement
B) Defining characteristics
C) Etiology of the problem
D) Outcomes criteria
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Chapter 14: Implementing
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Q1) Which example reflects client variables that influence outcome achievement? Select all that apply.
A) The client was born with cystic fibrosis.
B) The nurse works at a hospital in a diverse community.
C) Nursing interventions are consistent with standards of care.
D) The client is a college graduate and is employed.
E) The client engages in activities associated with Ramadan.
Q2) What characteristic of a competent nurse practitioner enables nurses to be role models for clients?
A) Sense of humor
B) Writing ability
C) Organizational skills
D) Good personal health
Q3) A nurse is preparing to insert an intravenous line and begin administering intravenous fluids. The client has visitors in the room. What should the nurse do?
A) Ask the visitors to leave the room.
B) Ask the client if visitors should remain in the room.
C) Tell the client to ask the visitors to leave the room.
D) Wait until the visitors leave to begin the procedure.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Evaluating
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse forgets to raise the bed railings of a client who is confused after taking pain medications. The client attempts to get out of bed, and suffers a minor fall. The nurse asks a colleague who witnessed the fall not to mention it to anyone because the client only had minor bruises. What would be the appropriate action of the colleague?
A) No other steps need to be taken, since the client was not seriously injured.
B) The colleague should inform the nurse that a full report of the incident needs to be made.
C) The colleague should monitor the client closely for any adverse effects of the fall.
D) The colleague should report the incident in a peer review of the nurse.
Q2) What cognitive processes must the nurse use to measure client achievement of outcomes during evaluation?
A) Intuitive thinking
B) Critical thinking
C) Traditional knowing
D) Rote memory
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17
Chapter 16: Documenting, Reporting, Conferring, and Using Informatics
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Q1) Which of the following data entries follows the recommended guidelines for documenting data?
A) "Client is overwhelmed by the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer."
B) "Client's kidneys are producing sufficient amount of measured urine."
C) "Following oxygen administration, vital signs returned to baseline."
D) "Client complained about the quality of the nursing care provided on previous shift."
Q2) The nurse managers of a home health care office wish to maximize nurses' freedom to characterize and record client conditions and situations in the nurses' own terms. Which of the following documentation formats is most likely to promote this goal?
A) Narrative notes
B) SOAP notes
C) Focus charting
D) Charting by exception
Q3) What activity in charting will assist most in the avoidance of errors?
A) Objectivity
B) Organization
C) Legibility
D) Timeliness
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Chapter 17: Developmental Concepts
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Q1) A female client age 35 years explains to the community health nurse that her primary focus daily is the care of her family, her job, and her volunteer activities at her church. The client verbalizes contentment with her various roles and the balancing of these roles. According to the theory on "individual life structure" developed by Daniel Levinson and associates, this client is demonstrating characteristics associated with what phase of adulthood?
A) Settling down
B) Early adult transition
C) Entering the adult world
D) Midlife transition
Q2) A child who attends church with his parents imitates religious gesture but does not have an understanding of these religious behaviors. The child also asks his parents, "How do you know God exists? Have you ever seen him?" This child is described as having characteristics associated with which stage of faith development as defined by Fowler?
A) Intuitive-Projective Faith
B) Mystical-Literal Faith
C) Synthetic-Conventional Faith
D) Individuative-Reflective Faith
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Chapter 18: Conception Through Young Adult
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Q1) A nurse is educating the parents of an infant about possible health problems during infancy. Which of the following health problems during infancy is most serious?
A) Colic
B) Seborrheic dermatitis
C) Failure to thrive
D) SIDS
Q2) A nurse is observing a group of toddlers at play. What behavior illustrates normal physiologic development in children of this age?
A) Attempting to feed self
B) Using fingers to pick up small objects
C) Throwing and catching a ball
D) Understanding the feelings of others
Q3) What social group prepares the school-aged child to get along in the larger world and teaches appropriate sex role behavior?
A) Parents
B) Peers
C) Siblings
D) Grandparents
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Chapter 19: The Aging Adult
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Q1) According to the free radical theory of aging, what substance is affected by aging and causes damage?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Water
D) Lipids
Q2) According to Erikson, the middle adult is in a period of generativity versus stagnation. What happens if developmental tasks are not achieved?
A) Physical changes are denied
B) Health needs become a major concern
C) Motivation to learn is decreased
D) Awareness of own mortality increases
Q3) What is one reason for the "middle-aged spread" often seen in middle adults?
A) Changes in hormones
B) Loss of satisfactory roles
C) Decreased physical activity
D) Satisfaction with one's life
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Chapter 20: Communicator
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Q1) The nurse is caring for a client who speaks Chinese, and the nurse does not speak Chinese. An appropriate approach for communication with this client includes what?
A) Using a caring voice and repeating messages frequently
B) Speaking directly and loudly to the client
C) Avoiding the use of gesture or play-acting
D) Writing messages for the client and offering him a dictionary for translation.
Q2) The nurse has entered a client's room and observes that the client is hunched over and appears to be breathing rapidly. What type of question should the nurse first implement in this interaction?
A) A yes/no question
B) A directing question
C) An open-ended question
D) A reflective question
Q3) Which of the following is an example of nonverbal communication?
A) A nurse says, "I am going to help you walk now."
B) A nurse presents information to a group of clients.
C) A client's face is contorted with pain.
D) A client asks the nurse for a pain shot.
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Chapter 21: Teacher and Counselor
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Q1) A nurse is educating an elderly client with diabetes and his family members about the importance of a nutritious diet. The nurse knows that client education promotes which of the following purposes? Select all that apply.
A) Helps the nurse to restore optimal health in the client
B) Helps the client to cope with alterations in health status
C) Helps the nurse to be more aware of the client's health
D) Helps the nurse to diagnose the client's illness early
E) Helps the nurse to be well-informed about the client's care
Q2) According to Rosenstock, which of the following are health beliefs critical for client motivation? Select all that apply.
A) Clients view themselves as susceptible to the disease in question.
B) Clients view the disease as a serious threat.
C) Clients believe there are actions they can take to reduce the probability of contracting the disease.
D) Clients believe the threat of taking these actions is greater than the disease itself.
E) Patients view themselves as victims of the disease in question.
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Chapter 22: Nurse Leader, Manager, and Care Coordinator
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Q1) In which of the following conflict resolution strategies is the conflict rarely resolved?
A) Collaborating
B) Compromising
C) Competing
D) Smoothing
Q2) Which of the following is a characteristic of mentorship?
A) It is a paid position to orient new nurses to the workplace.
B) It involves membership in a professional organization.
C) It is a link to a protégé with common interests.
D) It is not encouraged in health care settings
Q3) A nurse manager has directed a registered nurse who is out of school for one year to become a member of the institution's policy and procedure committee. A goal in the nurse manager's delegation is to assist the nurse to what?
A) Be involved in the hospital
B) Be confident in employment
C) Grow in her profession
D) Understand the hospital setting
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24
Chapter 23: Asepsis and Infection Control
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Q1) Which of the following most accurately defines an infection?
A) An illness resulting from living in an unclean environment
B) The result of lack of knowledge about food preparation
C) A disease resulting from pathogens in or on the body
D) An acute or chronic illness resulting from traumatic injury
Q2) Of all possible nursing interventions to break the chain of infection, which is the most effective?
A) Administering medications
B) Providing good skin care
C) Practicing hand hygiene
D) Wearing gloves at all times
Q3) The following procedures have been ordered and implemented for a hospitalized client. Which procedure carries the greatest risk for a nosocomial infection?
A) Enema
B) Intramuscular injections
C) Heat lamp
D) Urinary catheterization
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Chapter 24: Vital Signs
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Q1) A nurse is assessing the blood pressure on an obese woman. What error might occur if the cuff used is too narrow?
A) Reading is erroneously high
B) Reading is erroneously low
C) Pressure on the cuff with be painful
D) It will be difficult to pump up the bladder
Q2) A nurse is caring for a middle-aged client who looks worried and flares his nostrils when breathing. The client complains of difficulty in breathing, even when he walks to the bathroom. Which of the following breathing disorders is most appropriate to describe the client's condition?
A) Hyperventilation
B) Hypoventilation
C) Dyspnea
D) Apnea
Q3) Which is the primary source of heat in the body?
A) Hormones
B) Metabolism
C) Blood circulation
D) Muscles
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Page 26
Chapter 25: Health Assessment
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Q1) An older adult asks the nurse about the appearance of flat brown age spots on the hands. After examining the client's hands, the nurse recognizes these skin characteristics as a common skin variation in the older adult and documents the variations as which of the following?
A) Senile lentigines
B) Lanugo
C) Senile keratosis
D) Cherry angiomas
Q2) When assessing the abdomen, which assessment technique is used last?
A) Inspection
B) Auscultation
C) Percussion
D) Palpation
Q3) A nurse is performing a general survey of a client admitted to the hospital. Which of the following actions is an element of this procedure?
A) Taking vital signs
B) Palpating the integument
C) Identifying risk factors for altered health
D) Assessing the head and neck
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Chapter 26: Safety, Security, and Emergency Preparedness
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Q1) The nurse knows that a health care facility should determine its disaster-preparedness plan for delivering care in the event of an emergency or disaster?
A) As soon as the disaster is announced publicly
B) When officially informed that a disaster has occurred
C) After the first disaster has been experienced
D) In advance of a possible emergency or disaster
Q2) Which of the following nursing diagnoses would be appropriate for teaching interventions for a single mother who leaves her toddler unattended in the bathtub?
A) Noncompliance
B) Risk for Suffocation
C) Risk for Falls
D) Risk for Imbalanced Body Temperature
Q3) Prior to inserting a nasogastric tube, the nurse correctly verifies the client's identity through which of the following methods?
A) Ask the client: "Is your name___?"
B) Check the client's identification bracelet.
C) Verify the client's room number.
D) Call the client by his or her first name.
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Chapter 27: Complementary and Alternative Therapies
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Q1) A nurse uses Therapeutic Touch to decrease a postoperative client's nausea. Which of the following is a principle of this CAT modality?
A) A human being is a closed energy system.
B) A human being is bilaterally asymmetric.
C) Illness is an imbalance in a person's energy field.
D) Humans do not have the ability to transform.
Q2) There are four primary scientific principles for therapeutic touch. Which of the following is not one of these principles?
A) A human being is bilaterally symmetrical.
B) A human being is an open energy system.
C) Distractions of modern life interfere with healing agents.
D) Illness is an imbalance in an individual's energy field.
Q3) A client is taking ginkgo to improve her memory. In the education plan regarding this herb, the nurse should include which of the following?
A) It may raise blood pressure.
B) Avoid this herb if allergic to plants.
C) There is a possible sensitivity to light.
D) Use caution if taking aspirin.
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29
Chapter 28: Medications
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Q1) A nurse is administering an intramuscular injection of a viscous medication using the appropriate-gauge needle. What does the nurse need to know about needle gauges?
A) All needles for parenteral injection are the same gauge.
B) The gauge will depend on the length of the needle.
C) Ask the client what size needle is preferred.
D) Gauges range from 18 to 30, with 18 being the largest.
Q2) A nurse is administering a liquid medication to an infant. Where will the nurse place the medication to prevent aspiration?
A) Between the gum and the cheek
B) In front of the teeth and gums
C) On the front of the tongue
D) Under the tongue
Q3) Which medication system allows for client independence?
A) Unit dose system
B) Self-administered medication system
C) Automated medication-dispensing system
D) Bar Code Medication Administration
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Chapter 29: Perioperative Nursing
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Q1) A diabetic client is undergoing surgery to amputate a gangrenous foot. This procedure would be considered which of the following categories of surgery based on purpose?
A) Diagnostic
B) Ablative
C) Palliative
D) Reconstructive
Q2) A postoperative home care client has developed thrombophlebitis in her right leg. What category of medications will probably be prescribed for this cardiovascular complication?
A) Anticoagulants
B) Antibiotics
C) Antihistamines
D) Antigens
Q3) A nurse has been asked to ensure informed consent for a surgical procedure. What might be a role of the nurse?
A) Securing informed consent from the client
B) Signing the consent form as a witness
C) Ensuring the client does not refuse treatment
D) Refusing to participate based on legal guidelines
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Chapter 30: Hygiene
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older adult resident of a long-term care facility has recurring problems with dry skin. Which of the following strategies should the nursing staff utilize in order to help meet the resident's hygiene needs while preventing skin dryness?
A) Use a nonsoap cleaning agent.
B) Use organic soap and shampoo.
C) Bathe the client more often, but without using soap or shampoo.
D) Provide the client with bed baths rather than tub baths.
Q2) Which of the following clients ia at an increased risk for oral problems? Select all that apply.
A) Comatose client
B) Confused client
C) Depressed client
D) Client undergoing chemotherapy
E) Hypertensive client
Q3) Which client would be most at risk for alterations in oral health?
A) Infant who is breast-fed
B) Man with a nasogastric tube
C) Woman who is pregnant
D) Healthy young adult
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Chapter 31: Skin Integrity and Wound Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse working in long-term care is assessing residents at risk for the development of a decubitus ulcer. Which one would be most at risk?
A) A client 83 years of age who is mobile
B) A client 92 years of age who uses a walker
C) A client 75 years of age who uses a cane
D) A client 86 years of age who is bedfast
Q2) A home health nurse has a caseload of several postoperative clients. Which one would be most likely to require a longer period of care?
A) An infant
B) A young adult
C) A middle adult
D) An older adult
Q3) What intervention should be included on a plan of care to prevent pressure ulcer development in health care settings?
A) Change position at least once each shift.
B) Implement a turning schedule every two hours.
C) Use ring cushions for heels and elbows.
D) Do not turn; use pressure-relieving support surface.
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33
Chapter 32: Activity
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is assessing the activity level of an infant age 5 months. What normal findings would be assessed?
A) Ability to sit and head control
B) Ability to pick up small objects
C) Progress toward running and jumping
D) Progress toward unassisted walking
Q2) The nurse cares for a newly admitted client who will soon need to be taken to the radiology department for a CT scan. The client has a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 52. Which of the following strategies to transport the client is most appropriate?
A) Obtain a mechanical lateral transfer device to move the client onto a stretcher.
B) Enlist the aid of two other staff members and pull the client across the bed and onto a stretcher.
C) Position a friction-reducing sheet under the client before attempting the transfer.
D) Transport the client to the radiology department in the hospital bed.
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34
Chapter 33: Rest and Sleep
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client reports that her naps after lunch often stretch to three hours in length and that she has great difficulty rousing herself after a nap. This condition is best termed as which of the following?
A) Hypersomnia
B) Insomnia
C) Parasomnia
D) Sleep apnea
Q2) A nurse is caring for a client who complains about sleep apnea. Which of the following delivery devices should the nurse use to administer oxygen to this client?
A) Nasal catheter
B) Oxygen tent
C) Transtracheal oxygen
D) CPAP mask
Q3) What is the rationale for using CPAP to treat sleep apnea?
A) Positive air pressure holds the airway open.
B) Negative air pressure holds the airway closed.
C) Delivery of oxygen facilitates respiratory effort.
D) Alternating waves of air stimulate breathing.
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Chapter 34: Comfort and Pain Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term used to describe a pharmaceutical agent that relieves pain?
A) Antacid
B) Antihistamine
C) Analgesic
D) Antibiotic
Q2) Which misconception is common in clients in pain?
A) "I will get addicted to pain medications."
B) "I need to ask for pain medications."
C) "The nurses are here to help relieve the pain."
D) "I do not have to fight the pain without help."
Q3) Pet therapy is commonly used in long-term facilities for distraction. If a client is experiencing pain and the pain is temporarily decreased while petting a visiting dog or cat, this is an example of which type of distraction technique?
A) Tactile kinesthetic distraction
B) Visual distraction
C) Auditory distraction
D) Project distraction
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Chapter 35: Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse calculates the BMI of a client during a general survey as 26. Under which of the following categories would this client fall?
A) Underweight
B) Normal
C) Overweight
D) Obesity Class I
Q2) In planning to meet the nutritional needs of a critically ill client in the intensive care unit, which factor will increase the client's basal metabolic rate?
A) Infection
B) Advanced age
C) Prolonged fasting
D) Long periods of sleep
Q3) While reviewing an adult client's chart, a nurse notes average daily intake of fluids as 2,000 mL/day. What will the nurse do based on this information?
A) Change the plan of care to include forcing fluids.
B) Ask the client to drink more water during the day.
C) Post a sign limiting fluids to 1,000 mL every 24 hours.
D) Continue with care; this is a normal fluid intake.
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Chapter 36: Urinary Elimination
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Q1) A client tells the nurse, "Every time I sneeze, I wet my pants." What is this type of involuntary escape of urine called?
A) Urinary incontinence
B) Urinary incompetence
C) Normal micturition
D) Uncontrolled voiding
Q2) Which of the following describes the term micturition?
A) Emptying the bladder
B) Catheterizing the bladder
C) Collecting a urine specimen
D) Experiencing total incontinence
Q3) A nurse has catheterized a client to obtain urine for measuring postvoid residual (PVR) amount. The nurse obtains 40 mL of urine. What should the nurse do next?
A) Report this abnormal finding to the physician.
B) Perform another catheterization to verify the amount.
C) Document this normal finding for postvoid residual.
D) Palpate the abdomen for a distended bladder.
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Chapter 37: Bowel Elimination
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is an expected outcome for a client undergoing a bowel training program?
A) Have a soft, formed stool at regular intervals without a laxative.
B) Continue to use laxatives, but use one less irritating to the rectum.
C) Use oil-retention enemas on a regular basis for elimination.
D) Have a formed stool at least twice a day for two weeks.
Q2) A nurse assesses the abdomen of a client before and after administering a small-volume cleansing enema. What condition would be an expected finding?
A) Increased bowel sounds
B) Abdominal tenderness
C) Areas of distention
D) Muscular resistance
Q3) A nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client with a new colostomy. Which of the following is a recommended guideline for long-term ostomy care?
A) During the first six to eight weeks after surgery, eat foods high in fiber.
B) Drink at least two quarts of fluids, preferably water, daily.
C) Use enteric-coated or sustained-release medications if needed.
D) Use a mild laxative if needed.
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Chapter 38: Oxygenation and Perfusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does pulse oximetry measure?
A) Cardiac output
B) Peripheral blood flow
C) Arterial oxygen saturation
D) Venous oxygen saturation
Q2) A nurse is caring for a client with pneumonia. The client's oxygen saturation is below normal. What abnormal respiratory process does this demonstrate?
A) changes in the alveolar-capillary membrane and diffusion
B) alterations in the structures of the ribs and diaphragm
C) rapid decreases in atmospheric and intrapulmonic pressures
D) lower-than-normal concentrations of environmental oxygen
Q3) What category of medications may be administered by nebulizer or metered-dose inhaler to open narrowed airways?
A) Bronchoconstrictors
B) Antihistamines
C) Narcotics
D) Bronchodilators
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Chapter 39: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
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Q1) A client is having a blood transfusion, but the fluid is dripping very slowly. The blood has been infusing for more than four hours. What should the nurse do next?
A) Continue with the transfusion and document the drip rate.
B) Report to the next shift the amount of blood left to infuse.
C) Take and record vital signs more often.
D) Discontinue the blood transfusion.
Q2) Which of the following individuals with diarrhea for three days is more likely to suffer from fluid and electrolyte imbalance?
A) Infant
B) School-age child
C) Adolescent
D) Young adult
Q3) A nurse inadvertently partially dislodges a PICC line when changing the dressing. What would be the appropriate intervention in this situation?
A) Swab the line with sterile saline and gently reinsert the line.
B) Sedate the client, remove the PICC line, and then notify the physician.
C) Set up a sonogram for the client to determine the end point of the line.
D) Reapply the dressing and notify the physician for further instructions.
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Chapter 40: Self-Concept
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Sample Questions
Q1) A young woman client admits to a nurse that she cannot control her jealousy when she and her partner are out together and states, "It's like we're back in high school again." This is an example of which identity disorder?
A) Self-actualization
B) Identity diffusion
C) Depersonalization
D) Lack of self-esteem
Q2) The nurse is attending a nursing conference about enhancing self-concept in relation to professional nursing practice. As the nurse is waiting for the first speaker to begin, she tries to recall what she knows and has read about this subject. Which of the following would be good for the nurse to keep in mind to enhance her self-concept as a professional nurse?
A) Don't worry about team esteem until your own is good.
B) Avoid your weaknesses until they become strengths.
C) Remember past errors so you do not repeat them.
D) You don't have to know everything to be a good nurse.
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Chapter 41: Stress and Adaptation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What phase of the general adaptation syndrome is a client in when he uses all of his adaptive mechanisms for dealing with stress, leaving no defense against the distress?
A) Alarm reaction stage
B) Fight-or-flight stage
C) Stage of resistance
D) Stage of exhaustion
Q2) A client age 35 years is stressed because he is having problems with his superiors at work. The client says that he had an argument with his superiors about his salary. He has become very anxious and has started consuming large amounts of caffeine very frequently. He also suffers from insomnia and gets angry quickly. Which of the following techniques should the nurse suggest to help the client?
A) Non-therapeutic coping strategy
B) Negative coping strategy
C) Therapeutic coping strategy
D) Sensory manipulation strategy
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Chapter 42: Loss, Grief, and Dying
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Q1) Which of the following persons is responsible for handling and filing a death certificate with proper authorities?
A) Mortician
B) Physician
C) Nurse
D) Hospital administrator
Q2) A client is diagnosed with a terminal illness. Who is usually responsible for deciding what, when, and how the client should be told?
A) Family
B) Clergy
C) Nurse
D) Physician
Q3) A terminally ill client, in severe pain, asks a nurse to help her die. What must the nurse consider morally, ethically, and professionally before answering the client?
A) ANA Code for Nurses, ethical and professional standards
B) Own personal moral and ethical values and standards
C) Hospital or agency procedures and protocols
D) Medical Code of Ethics, belief in active euthanasia
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Chapter 43: Sensory Functioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) After assessing a client, a nurse documents the state of awareness as confused. What part of the brain controls awareness?
A) Cranial nerves
B) Reticular activating system
C) Hypothalamus
D) Medulla
Q2) During the neurological assessment, the nurse asks the client if she has any problems with her sense of smell. The client relates that she lives near a factory that emits an obnoxious odor, but that she no longer notices the smell. The nurse tells Joan that this phenomenon is normal and is called which of the following?
A) Tolerance
B) Adaptation
C) Acceptance
D) Adjustment
Q3) A client says, "What is that awful smell?" What sense is being used?
A) Olfactory
B) Gustatory
C) Tactile
D) Auditory
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Page 45
Chapter 44: Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parents of an infant express concern because the infant is touching his genitals. What should the nurse teach the parents?
A) Self-manipulation of genitals is normal behavior in an infant.
B) Have the child wear clothes that prohibit touching.
C) If this bad behavior continues, seek counseling.
D) Make him have time out every time it happens.
Q2) The nurse is caring for a female age 45 years who discloses during the admission nursing history that she is no longer able to enjoy sex with her husband because it causes too much pain in her vagina. The nurse includes which of the following nursing diagnoses in the client's care plan related to this information?
A) Sexual Dysfunction: Dyspareunia
B) Altered Sexuality Patterns: Change in sexual expression
C) Altered Sexuality Patterns: Loss of desire
D) Altered Sexuality Patterns: Change in positioning
Q3) What do most nursing interventions pertaining to sexuality involve?
A) Teaching to promote sexual health
B) Examinations to identify sexually transmitted infections
C) Advocacy for those with sexual dysfunctions
D) Maintaining confidentiality and privacy
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Page 46
Chapter 45: Spirituality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following group of terms best defines spiritual distress?
A) Spirituality, religion
B) Alienation, despair
C) Faith, prayer
D) Forgiveness, purpose
Q2) Nurses provide care to meet needs in all the human dimensions. What is one intervention nurses can implement to meet spiritual needs?
A) Refer all questions to a spiritual advisor.
B) Remind clients that nurses are not ministers.
C) Avoid any discussion of religion or spirituality.
D) Offer a compassionate presence.
Q3) A nurse is caring for a hospitalized child. What would the nurse consider to meet the spiritual needs of the child?
A) Nothing; children do not have a spiritual self.
B) Complete information from the child's parents.
C) Only terminally ill children believe in God.
D) Children have definite perceptions of God.
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