Chapter 4: Cortical Organization
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Q1) Ablation is a procedure in which
A) a radioactive isotope is injected into the bloodstream and traced through the brain.
B) electrodes on the scalp are used to measure changes in brain activity.
C) a particular area of the brain is removed or destroyed.
D) an electromagnetic pulse is used to temporarily disrupt brain activity.
Q2) The cortical magnification factor occurs in humans because
A) a small area in the peripheral retina accounts for a large area on the cortex.
B) the small area of the fovea accounts for a large area on the cortex.
C) the lens accommodates so that the image is magnified on the retina.
D) the area at the optic disk accounts for a large area on the cortex.
Q3) Prosopagnosia is
A) the difficulty recognizing familiar faces.
B) due to damage to the parietal lobe.
C) due to damage to the MT cortex.
D) the inability to detect movement.
Q4) Describe the methods, results, and conclusions of Gauthier et al.'s "Greeble" research.
Q5) Describe how an object such as a tree is represented in the striate cortex.
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Chapter 5: Perceiving Objects and Scenes
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Q1) The Olympic symbol is an example of the Gestalt principle of A) proximity.
B) Pragnanz.
C) common fate.
D) synchrony.
Q2) Kamitani and Tong (2005) developed "orientation decoders". When eight orientations were tested, the decoders were able to correctly predict what orientation a person was looking at on _____ of the trials.
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 100%
Q3) Which of the following is true regarding inversion effects?
A) Faces and other objects are equally affected by inversion.
B) Face processing is slowed more than that of other objects.
C) Object identification is not affected by inversion.
D) They demonstrate that faces are processed featurally.
Q4) Name and describe five "global image features".
Q5) Summarize two research studies that show the influence of semantic regularities on perceptual organization.
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Chapter 6: Visual Attention
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Q1) The ability to perceive a rod as being continuous behind an occluding block
A) is innate.
B) is common in one-week-old infants.
C) can be accomplished by three-month-olds.
D) occurs only after sharp acuity is developed.
Q2) One aspect of the visual system that helps us select specific information from the environment for processing is
A) the optic nerve.
B) the concentration of cones in the fovea.
C) the blind spot.
D) the prevalence of amacrine cells in the peripheral retina.
Q3) (a) Discuss the method and results of Rensink's research on change blindness.
(b) What is the relationship between change blindness and continuity errors?
(c) Describe a specific example of a "continuity error".
Q4) Egly et al. (1994) showed that precueing increases the efficiency of information processing
A) only when the cue is in the same position as the target.
B) when the cue appears in the same rectangle as the target stimulus.
C) when a cue is in a different rectangle than the target stimulus.
D) only when the cue is the same color as the target stimulus.
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Chapter 7: Taking Action
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Q1) Which of the following is not one of the proposed functions of mirror neurons?
A) Predicting others' intentions.
B) Facilitate the binding of information sources.
C) Understand the meaning of sentences.
D) Aids interpretation of facial expressions.
Q2) The movement of elements of the environment relative to the observer is called
A) optic flow.
B) phi movement.
C) affordances.
D) motion ecology.
Q3) (a) What are affordances?
(b) Provide an example of an object and what action it affords.
(c) Describe whether or not an object could have more than one affordance associated with it.
Q4) Describe a "blind-walking" experiment, and discuss how the results are related to optic flow.
Q5) Discuss research that shows how vision is important in performing a somersault.
Q6) One research found that tennis players who have recently won a match perceive the net as being lower than those who have recently lost. Describe how these differences in perception might arise.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Perceiving Motion
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Q1) Describe the case of the woman with akinetopsia. What does this case tell us about the importance of motion perception?
Q2) In monkeys, real-motion neurons have been located in
A) the extrastriate cortex.
B) the striate cortex.
C) the retina.
D) the brain stem.
Q3) The vertigo case of R.W. not only provided evidence for the corollary discharge theory, it revealed the importance of the______ in producing CDS.
A) MT area
B) PPA
C) STS
D) MST area
Q4) The connection between MT neurons and movement perception has been supported by A) lesioning studies.
B) microstimulation studies.
C) both lesioning and microstimulation studies.
D) neither lesioning nor microstimulation studies.
Q5) Discuss three types of illusory motion. Be sure to give an example of each.
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Chapter 9: Perceiving Color
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Q1) Which of the following is behavioral support for the "opponent-process theory"?
A) color afterimages
B) color matching
C) visual pigment absorption rates
D) the univariance effect
Q2) Which of the following statements is TRUE about dichromatism?
A) Males are more likely to be dichromats than females.
B) Experience, not genetics, is the major cause of dichromacy.
C) There are six major forms of dichromacy.
D) There are nine major forms of dichromacy.
Q3) Dr. Lanzilotti wants to create a stimulus that will produce an afterimage of a red heart shape against a white background. He should make the heart ______ and the background _______.
A) red; green
B) green; black
C) blue; white
D) pink; red
Q4) Describe three demonstrations that support the opponent-process theory of color vision.
Q5) Evaluate Newton's claim that the light "rays are not coloured."
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Chapter 10: Perceiving Depth and Size
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Q1) ________ is the difference in the images in the two eyes; _____ is the impression of depth that results from this information.
A) Deletion; accretion
B) Accretion; deletion
C) Binocular disparity; convergence
D) Binocular disparity; stereopsis
Q2) The size-distance scaling equation explains the Ames Room illusion because
A) we perceive the two people in the room to be the same size because the size of the image on the retina is the same.
B) we perceive the two people in the room to be of different sizes even though the size of the image on the retina is the same.
C) we perceive the two people in the room to be different sizes because they are perceived to be at different distances away.
D) we perceive the two people in the room to be different sizes because they are perceived to be at the same distance away and their retinal image size is different.
Q3) Describe the differences in how depth is perceived in cats, insects, and bats.
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Chapter 11: Hearing
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Q1) The function of the muscles of the middle ear is to A) intensify sounds at high intensities.
B) intensify sounds at high frequencies.
C) dampen the ossicles vibrations at high intensities.
D) divert high frequencies to the oval window and low frequencies to the round window.
Q2) The outer hair cells respond to sound by slightly tilting and changing length. Because of the consequence of this, the action of the outer hair cells is called the A) the tuning response.
B) the cochlear amplifier.
C) phase lock mechanism.
D) the traveling wave.
Q3) Adding a 440 Hz tone to a 880 Hz tone and a 1320 Hz tone will result in A) a pure tone. B) a complex tone.
C) a "hissing"sound.
D) white noise.
Q4) Discuss how noise-induced hearing loss can occur, and what can be done to reduce the chances of noise-induced hearing loss.
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Chapter 12: Auditory Localization and Organization
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Q1) The time that it takes a sound to decrease to ____ of its original level is the reverberation time.
A) 1/1000th
B) 1/10th
C) 1/5th
D) none of these
Q2) Sound that reaches the ears after bouncing off a wall or a floor is called
A) direct sound.
B) indirect sound.
C) virtual sound.
D) harmonics.
Q3) Auditory grouping can be accomplished by A) similarity of timbre.
B) similarity of pitch.
C) location.
D) all of these.
Q4) Describe the method, results, and implications of the Hofmann et al. research on the role of spectral cues for localization.
Q5) What is "melody schema"? Discuss the support for this concept.
Q6) Define visual capture and give examples of this concept.
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Chapter 13: Speech Perception
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Q1) Palmeri et al. (1993) had participants listen to a word list that was spoken by (1) the same speaker, or (2) different speakers. In a subsequent recognition memory test, participants were
A) more accurate when one speaker said all of the words.
B) more accurate when different speakers said the words.
C) faster in responding when different speakers said the words.
D) the same in accuracy in both conditions.
Q2) Saffron et al. (1996) found that 8-month-old infants listened to ______ test stimuli longer, providing evidence that infants are capable of __________ learning.
A) whole word; vicarious
B) whole word; transitional probability
C) part word; statistical
D) part word; formal operational
Q3) Saffron et al. (1996) found that the ability to use transitional probabilities to segment sounds develops around
A) 2 months old.
B) 8 months old.
C) 2 years old.
D) 5 years old.
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Chapter 14: The Cutaneous Senses
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Q1) Moving your finger across a textured surface can produce vibrations that are interpreted as texture. These vibrations are defined as
A) parietal cues.
B) temporal cues.
C) spatial cues.
D) olfactory cues.
Q2) The area on S1 associated with the thumb is as large as the area for the forearm. This is an example of A) sensory substitution.
B) Braille projection.
C) cortical magnification.
D) the analgesic inversion principle.
Q3) What is the duplex theory of texture perception? Describe research that supports this theory.
Q4) The Meissner corpuscle is associated with A) sensing vibrations.
B) sensing fine texture.
C) controlling handgrip.
D) sensing fine details.
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Chapter 15: The Chemical Senses
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Q1) Eliminating the receptor for bitter tastes results in A) a "shifting" of the selectivity other receptors to allow some detection of bitter. B) the regeneration of bitter receptors.
C) less sensitivity to umami and salty tastes.
D) no effect on responses to the other tastes.
Q2) The human sensitivity for the odorant found in natural gas is ________ the odorant for the main substance in nail polish remover. A) greater than B) less than C) the same as D) not consistently different than
Q3) Flavor is the impression a person gets from A) taste only.
B) the combination of olfaction and kinesthesis.
C) the combination of olfaction and taste.
D) the combination of olfaction, taste, and vision.
Q4) What is flavor? Describe how taste experience is affected if olfaction does not take place when tasting a substance.
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