Introduction to Pediatric Practice for Occupational Therapy
Assistants
Test Bank
Course Introduction
This course introduces students to the foundational principles and practices of occupational therapy in pediatric settings. Emphasizing the unique needs of children and their families, the course explores typical and atypical development, common pediatric diagnoses, and intervention strategies. Students will gain skills in observation, assessment, and the implementation of therapeutic activities to support children's participation in daily occupations. The importance of family-centered care, interprofessional collaboration, and ethical considerations in pediatric occupational therapy are highlighted, preparing students to assist occupational therapists in a variety of clinical, educational, and community environments.
Recommended Textbook
Pediatric Skills for Occupational Therapy Assistants 4th Edition by Jean
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434 Verified Questions
434 Flashcards
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W. Solomon
Chapter 1: Scope of Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a category in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF)?
A) Areas of occupation
B) Performance arenas
C) Context and environment
D) Client factors
Answer: B
Q2) Shameka is working with a close friend's grandmother.During a recent visit, her friend asks how her grandmother is doing in OT.Shameka encourages her friend to visit her grandmother to see how she is or is not progressing.Shameka is applying which of the principles of ethical behavior?
A) Justice
B) Nonmaleficence
C) Veracity
D) Confidentiality
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Family Systems
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Q1) What is meant by solution-focused curiosity?
A) Analyzing family records and documents to assess family needs
B) Finding out as much about a family as possible, even if it means asking personal questions
C) Sharing information with your colleagues about family problems you encounter in practice
D) Showing nonjudgmental interest in families as a way of developing solutions to challenges
Answer: D
Q2) Which general systems theory principle refers to the capacity for change?
A) Equifinality
B) Morphogenetic
C) Morphostatic
D) Volition
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Medical Systems
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Q1) A 2 year-old child who has undergone open heart surgery yesterday is most likely to be admitted to which setting?
A) Acute rehabilitation program
B) High Risk Infant Clinic
C) NICU
D) PICU
Answer: D
Q2) What are the proper infection control measures for contact precautions?
A) Wash hands when entering and leaving room.
B) Wash hands when entering and leaving room; wear gown and gloves.
C) Wash hands when entering and leaving room; wear gown, gloves, and mask.
D) Wash hands when entering and leaving room; wear gown, gloves, and fit tested respirator or special protective mask.
Answer: B
Q3) OTAs play a vital role in the NICU.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Educational Systems
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Q1) Which tip would help the occupational therapist work best with the teacher?
A) Provide the teacher with a comprehensive list of research advocating for OT.
B) Spend time in the classroom before making any suggestions.
C) Schedule hourly meetings over lunch on a weekly basis.
D) Discuss the intervention plan and how the teacher may assist the occupational therapist.
Q2) What are special services such as occupational therapy (OT), physical therapy (PT), speech therapy (ST), school health, and social work required for a child to benefit from a special education program called?
A) Related services
B) Resource room services
C) Self-contained services
D) Special education services
Q3) What is the role of the certified occupational therapy assistant (COTA) in the evaluation phase?
A) To choose the evaluation tool to be used.
B) To determine areas to be assessed.
C) To give tests within their competency level.
D) No participation in student evaluations.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Community Systems
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Q1) Jeannie, the Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA), is responsible for planning and implementing an after-school exercise program for children in the second and third grades.In which of the following systems is Jeannie working?
A) Family
B) Community
C) Educational
D) Medical
Q2) Which of the following is the definition of health in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO)?
A) Absence of disease and deformity
B) Absence of infirmity
C) State of well-being
D) All of the above
Q3) What is it called when the practitioner hopes to learn more about the Hispanic culture?
A) Cultural awareness
B) Cultural desire
C) Cultural skill
D) Cultural encounter
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Principles of Normal Development
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Q1) Which of the following is not a rule of motor development?
A) Proximal to distal
B) Lateral to medial
C) Cephalic to caudal
D) Gross to fine
Q2) Harry is a 10-year-old boy who is expected to make dinner each evening before his parents get home.This expectation represents which context?
A) Personal
B) Social
C) Cultural
D) Temporal
Q3) You are treating Jim, a 12-month-old boy with developmental delays.He is sitting without support, anterior propping.According to developmental theory, which skill would you work on next?
A) Skipping
B) Walking up stairs "marking time"
C) Pulling to stand
D) Sitting without support, lateral propping
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Chapter 7: Development of Performance Skills
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Q1) In which matter do peers influence adolescents more than parents?
A) Academic choices
B) Career
C) Future aspirations
D) Trying out new roles
Q2) According to the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF), which term refers to a child's gross motor, fine motor, process, and social interaction?
A) Areas of occupation
B) Client factors
C) Performance contexts
D) Performance skills
Q3) Which statement is not true concerning primitive reflexes?
A) Reflexes provide the first movement out of physiological flexion.
B) Reflexes are integrated as the infant learns about the environment.
C) Reflexes persist throughout childhood.
D) Reflexes are genetically carried survival mechanisms.
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Chapter 8: Development of Occupations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which OT theorist provided the profession a format to obtain play information during an interview?
A) Reilly
B) Takata
C) Bundy
D) Knox
Q2) Which group of readiness skills describes what is expected in middle childhood and adolescence?
A) Sitting quietly while listening to a story, coloring and manipulating small objects, running, hopping, and jumping.
B) Independence in the bathroom and cafeteria, remaining in the classroom for extended periods, and remaining "on task."
C) Social skills and manners; increased skill in creative thinking, problem solving, and expressive writing.
D) Independent learning skills and communication of ideas through writing.
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Chapter 9: Adolescent Development: Becoming an Adult
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Q1) Gerry is a 14-year-old boy who regularly breaks rules and has pierced his nose, but he holds a steady job after school.Which statement reflects this behavior?
A) Antisocial behavior
B) Atypical behavior
C) Destructive behavior
D) Typical, contradictory behavior
Q2) Which statement refers to self-efficacy?
A) View of one's body.
B) View of one's physical performance.
C) View of one's strengths and weaknesses.
D) View of how others see one.
Q3) What influences the onset of menarche?
A) Race
B) Socioeconomic status
C) Heredity
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above
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11
Chapter 10: The Occupational Therapy Process
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Q1) Which statement best describes legitimate tools of OT practice?
A) Instruments or tools that a profession uses to bring about change.
B) Tools that remain constant over time.
C) Tools commonly found in an OT clinic.
D) Instruments commonly used to evaluate clients.
Q2) Which statement best represents a top-down approach toward intervention?
A) Haley will bring both hands together during play.
B) Haley will pick up a Cheerio with a neat pincer grasp.
C) Haley will play with a variety of toys using two hands.
D) Haley will stack four cubes using both hands.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about long-term goals?
A) They do not need to be behavioral.
B) They need to be measurable but not behavioral.
C) They are the building blocks for OT intervention.
D) They are the expected outcomes of OT intervention.
Q4) To what does the term intervention refer?
A) Therapy sessions to facilitate goals.
B) Progress reports, billing records, and client profile.
C) The evaluation, treatment plan, intervention, and discharge plan.
D) The plan of care.
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Chapter 11: Anatomy and Physiology for the Pediatric
Practitioner
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Q1) What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
A) Sympathetic and parasympathetic
B) Central and peripheral
C) Sensory and motor
D) Voluntary and involuntary
Q2) What is the term used to describe the primary muscle that shortens, producing movement around a joint?
A) Antagonist
B) Skeletal
C) Co-contraction
D) Agonist
Q3) Which plane divides the body into upper and lower parts?
A) Frontal
B) Sagittal
C) Horizontal
D) Rotational
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Chapter 12: Neuroscience for the Pediatric Practitioner
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Q1) What is the pattern of cortical representation in the motor homunculus for fine motor skills as compared to the area for gross motor skills?
A) Equal amount of cortical representation
B) Greater amount of cortical representation
C) Smaller amount of cortical representation
D) This has not been calculated.
Q2) A child who shows difficulty controlling the speed and accuracy of his or her movements and shows inaccurate reach and grasp is showing difficulty with what area of the brain?
A) Brainstem
B) Cerebellum
C) Cerebrum
D) Peripheral nervous system
Q3) Which receptor is responsible for providing continuous information on midrange position sense?
A) Alpha motor neuron
B) Extrafusal muscle fibers
C) Golgi tendon
D) Muscle spindle
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Pediatric Health Conditions
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Q1) Which disorder is not considered a pulmonary disorder?
A) Asthma
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D) Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
Q2) Kendra, a 7-year-old girl, shows some hand flapping behaviors and some difficulty with expressing herself.She speaks slowly and does not seek out her peers.Although Kendra is able to perform her self-help skills and receives good grades in school, the teacher notices that Kendra is "by herself" frequently.Which developmental disorder do these behaviors describe?
A) Developmental Coordination disorder
B) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
C) Autism spectrum disorder
D) Rett syndrome
Q3) What are common signs of arthrogryposis?
A) Absence of muscle tissue and stiffness of all or most of the extremity joints.
B) Arthritis, spinal stiffness, and visual problems.
C) Developmental delays resulting from intellectual disabilities.
D) All of the above.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Childhood and Adolescent Psychosocial and Mental
Health
Disorders
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Q1) What is it called when children or adolescents with alcohol dependence disorders need to increase the amount drunk over a period to attain the desired effect?
A) Abuse
B) Dependence
C) Tolerance
D) Withdrawal
Q2) Which of the following is true about youth suicide and risk signals?
A) Suicide attempts are seldom repeated.
B) Sudden improvement in mood may be a danger signal.
C) Youths who talk about suicide rarely kill themselves.
D) There is no treatment for depression in teens.
Q3) What is the name of a life-threatening disorder characterized by a body weight 15% below average, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a perception of being or feeling fat even though looking emaciated?
A) Anorexia bulimia
B) Anorexia nervosa (AN)
C) Bulimia nervosa
D) Failure to thrive
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Chapter 15: Childhood and Adolescent Obesity
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Q1) What is the BMI based on?
A) Height, weight, age, and gender
B) Height, age, and grade
C) Height, weight, and body fat
D) Height, body fat measures, and grade
Q2) What is the category for a body mass index (BMI) value that falls in the 96th percentile?
A) Healthy weight
B) Overweight
C) Obese
D) Morbidly obese
Q3) What is the recommended physical activity level for children?
A) Vigorous activity for 1 hour daily.
B) Moderate activity for 30 minutes daily.
C) Quiet activity all day long.
D) Outdoor play for at least 20 minutes daily.
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Chapter 16: Intellectual Disabilities
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Q1) In which category of intellectual disability does a child's IQ test result of 60 place him or her?
A) Mild
B) Moderate
C) Severe
D) Profound
Q2) What term describes causes of intellectual disability present before a child is born?
A) Acquired
B) Perinatal
C) Postnatal
D) Prenatal
Q3) Which statement is true regarding children with intellectual disabilities?
A) Those with similar IQs will function alike.
B) There are individual differences between children with the same IQs.
C) There is little variation between classifications.
D) They will always fully depend on a caregiver.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Cerebral Palsy
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Q1) What type of intervention is based on the theory of learned nonuse and requires children try to use the affected hand?
A) Complementary and alternative medicine
B) Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)
C) Kinesio taping
D) Orthoses and casting
Q2) George is unable to sit in a regular chair because when he writes, he falls off the edge as soon as his hand moves past midline.With what is he having difficulty?
A) Equilibrium
B) Protective
C) Righting
D) Static balance
Q3) Frank is unable to extend his hand quickly enough to prevent him from falling.With what reaction is he having difficulty?
A) Equilibrium
B) Protective
C) Righting
D) Static balance
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Chapter 18: Positioning and Handling: A
Neurodevelopmental Approach
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Q1) What is the first event that must happen for a child to move?
A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Rotation
D) Weight shift
Q2) What is considered the optimal sitting position for children with cerebral palsy (spastic quadriplegia)?
A) Chair reclined for comfort
B) Hips extended back into chair
C) Knees extended into long-sitting
D) Hips flexed forward
Q3) What does prone position facilitate in infants?
A) Hand strength and neck and trunk extension
B) Elbow extension and neck flexion
C) Trunk flexion, leg strength, and abdominal strength
D) Trunk extension and leg and hand strength
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20
Chapter 19: Activities of Daily Living and Sleeprest
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Q1) Which technique is not used to promote swallowing in children?
A) Position the child in a semi-reclined position.
B) Provide a calm setting.
C) Use vibration and quick stroking about lip.
D) Work quickly with the child.
Q2) Which strategy to help with dressing is not appropriate for a child with sensory processing issues?
A) Allow the child to pick his clothing.
B) Cut out tags completely.
C) Use detergent with a strong fragrance.
D) Wash new clothing before the child wears it.
Q3) Suck-swallow-breathe synchrony is not necessary for which of the following?
A) Eating without gasping
B) Smiling and frowning
C) Sleeping without drooling
D) Talking and singing
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21
Chapter 20: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
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Q1) A child with autism uses a series of pictures to communicate with you.What type of system is this?
A) Voice Output Communication Aids
B) Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)
C) Assistive technology
D) Point and speak
Q2) When working on meal preparation, what should you begin with?
A) Simple snacks that require no heating.
B) Desserts that require minimal baking.
C) Family favorites that require time in the kitchen.
D) Comfort-type foods that require multiple steps.
Q3) Who provides the guidelines for safe transport of infants, toddlers, and young children who have special needs?
A) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
B) AOTA
C) Car seat manufacturers
D) Health and Human Services
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22
Chapter 21: Play and Playfulness
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Q1) Which statement reflects the description of play as the occupation of the child?
A) OT practitioners examine the role of play and expectations of the child.
B) OT practitioners are interested in the individual abilities and disabilities with regard to particular tasks.
C) OT practitioners are interested in the psychological, not physical, aspects of play.
D) OT practitioners are interested in improving motor skills for the occupation of play.
Q2) Which statement is true about the role of spontaneity in OT sessions?
A) OT practitioners should provide structure so that spontaneity is limited in a treatment session.
B) Children do not want flexibility and spontaneity. They enjoy it when the therapist tells them what to do.
C) Spontaneity indicates the OT practitioner has not planned the session well.
D) Spontaneity is an essential feature of play and should be fostered in the treatment session.
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Chapter 22: Functional Task at School: Handwriting
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Q1) Raysor has difficulty writing.He hesitates when trying to continuously form letters.He does not understand where to begin writing on his paper.He sometimes begins at the bottom of the letter and sometimes at the top, despite frequent repetitions of the letter.What type of problem does Raysor show?
A) Poor midline crossing
B) Poor motor planning
C) Poor visual acuity
D) Tactile defensiveness
Q2) The OT practitioner provided John with a variety of drawing activities that were fun and promoted hand skill, especially hand strengthening.These activities required that John manipulate a variety of materials (e.g., Play-Doh, clay, and sand sculptures).What frame of reference was the practitioner using?
A) Biomechanical
B) Developmental
C) Educational
D) Sensory
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24
Chapter 23: Therapeutic Media: Activity With Purpose
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Q1) Grace is a 9-year-old girl who is unable to raise her right arm over her head and complains of pain.According to these observations, with what area is she having difficulty?
A) Endurance
B) Muscle tone
C) Range of motion (ROM)
D) Strength
Q2) Mary is 8 years old and has difficulty stirring a heavy cookie mixture.What is it called when the COTA adds more milk to make the mixture easier to stir?
A) Adapting activity
B) Analyzing activity
C) Grading activity
D) Evaluating activity
Q3) What is it called when Harry, a COTA, shows 7-year-old Raymond a way to put on his coat using only one hand?
A) Adapting activity
B) Analyzing activity
C) Grading activity
D) Evaluating activity
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Chapter 24: Motor Control and Motor Learning
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Q1) What type of practice is most effective for transfer of learning?
A) Blocked
B) Distributive
C) Variable
D) Repetitive
Q2) Which statement is correct concerning feedback and motor skill learning?
A) Direct the child to critical cues before demonstrating the skill.
B) Talk to the child throughout the entire process while demonstrating the skill.
C) Do not provide demonstrations; allow the child to work through the skill.
D) Demonstrate throughout.
Q3) Karen provides her client, Bill, with 1-minute rests between 5-minute of repetitive skill practice.What kind of practice is this?
A) Continual
B) Distributed
C) Blocked
D) Variable
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Chapter 25: Sensory Processingintegration and Occupation
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Q1) Which activity would best work on Stewart's poor shoulder co-contraction and endurance?
A) Walking on a balance beam
B) Spinning in a net
C) Playing "Simon Says"
D) Wheelbarrow walking
Q2) Which statement describes the principles of sensory integration intervention?
A) Provide controlled sensory input to elicit an adaptive response.
B) Practice motor movements to repeat patterns.
C) Desensitize the child so she or he can tolerate input.
D) Provide fun and exciting activities to promote playfulness.
Q3) Henry, a 9-year-old boy, complains of how his new school clothes feel, hates noises in the car, and is easily irritated at school by all the movement of his classmates.Henry becomes car sick easily.He is a very picky eater, stating that he does not like the smell and taste of many foods.Which type of deficit do these findings represent?
A) Bilateral integration dysfunction
B) Developmental dyspraxia
C) Postural-ocular dysfunction
D) Sensory modulation disorder
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Page 27
Chapter 26: Applying the Model of Human Occupation to Pediatric Practice
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Q1) A classroom that is arranged to allow a child using a walker to move about freely is an example of what under the MOHO concept area of environment?
A) Objects
B) Spaces
C) Occupational tasks
D) Social group
Q2) During a treatment session, a therapist provides the guidelines for choice and performance of tasks by allowing a child to choose from a set of alternative activities that addresses the same area of concern.This type of therapeutic strategy is A) structure.
B) encouragement.
C) coaching.
D) giving feedback.
Q3) A child's pattern and organization around different occupations is called A) Volition
B) Performance capacity
C) Habituation
D) Environmental factors
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Chapter 27: Assistive Technology
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Q1) Which statement is true concerning assistive technology (AT)?
A) AT refers to aids and devices that help rehabilitate an individual.
B) AT helps a person to be more functional.
C) AT is always commercially manufactured.
D) AT helps persons with only certain diagnoses.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a low-technology device?
A) Pencil grip
B) Environmental control unit (ECU)
C) Powered wheelchair
D) Laptop computer
Q3) What do built-up controls for a toy or activity represent?
A) No-technology solution
B) Low-technology solution
C) High-technology solution
D) Bad solution
Q4) Which of the following is not a disadvantage of a power wheelchair?
A) Weight
B) Portability
C) Maintenance
D) Speed
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Chapter
Therapeutic Taping for the Pediatric Population
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Q1) How do dynamic orthoses assist an individual with movement?
A) They assist movement in all planes.
B) They assist movement in only one plane.
C) They use outriggers and various moving parts.
D) They generally prevent movement.
Q2) Which statement is not a goal of orthotic fabrication?
A) Alleviate pain
B) Enhance function
C) Prevent deformity
D) Shorten soft tissue structures
Q3) Which statement does not reflect the purpose of a static orthosis?
A) Decreases contractures by maximizing range of motion (ROM).
B) Provides stability to unstable joint.
C) Improves joint alignment.
D) Promotes movement to aid in healing process.
Q4) Which statement is not a function of Kinesio tape?
A) Supports muscle
B) Improves ROM
C) Stabilizes fractures
D) Reduces pain and inflammation
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Chapter 29: Animal-Assisted Activities and Therapy
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Q1) Which factor is most important for the occupational therapy (OT) practitioner to consider when using an animal as an occupation for children?
A) Family and child's pets
B) Parental income and educational level
C) Practitioner's comfort with animals
D) Transportability of pet
Q2) Which statement most reflects pet-assisted therapy?
A) Play with animals on a farm.
B) Feed the fish in the classroom.
C) Brush the trained facilitator's dog with the affected side.
D) Feed your own dog treats.
Q3) Jack, a Bernese mountain dog, has been trained to pull Carrie as she sits in her wheelchair.Jack is also able to bring Carrie items and carry her backpack.What type of dog is Jack?
A) Guide dog
B) Hearing dog
C) Pet dog
D) Service dog
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