Introduction to Human Development Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Human Development explores the psychological, biological, and social factors that influence growth and change across the human lifespan. The course covers key theories and research findings related to physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development from conception through late adulthood. Students will examine how genetics, family, culture, and individual experiences contribute to development, and will apply this knowledge to real-life contexts, promoting a deeper understanding of human behavior and developmental challenges at various life stages.
Recommended Textbook
Experience Human Development 13th Edition by Diane E. Papalia
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19 Chapters
2586 Verified Questions
2586 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cohort differences are primarily due to
A) geographical separation.
B) experiences affecting a generation.
C) variations of family history.
D) unusual life events.
Answer: B
Q2) Two-year-old Sydney has not started talking yet,often cries when her mother leaves the room,and did not take her first steps until she was 18 months old.Which developmental domains should her parents be concerned with?
A) Physical
B) Cognitive
C) Psychosocial
D) All of these
Answer: D
Q3) Socioeconomic status is determined by all of the following EXCEPT
A) ethnicity.
B) income.
C) education.
D) occupation.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Theory and Research
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173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A therapeutic approach aimed at giving patients insight into their unconscious conflicts is called
A) repression analysis.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) psychosexual analysis.
D) psychoconsciousness.
Answer: B
Q2) Professor Watt studies the behavior of children whose parents divorced six months before the children started school and children whose parents divorced two years before the children started school.Both groups of children are then followed and measured over the course of several years.This is which kind of design?
A) Cross-sectional
B) Sequential
C) Longitudinal
D) Life-span sampling
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Forming a New Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher compares monozygotic and dizygotic twins for their level of similarity on a trait.This researcher is attempting to determine the __________ of the trait activity levels.
A) teratogenesis
B) genotype
C) karyotype
D) heritability
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE of the process of meiosis?
A) Meiosis results in two cells, each with 46 chromosomes.
B) It results in the number of chromosomes being reduced by half.
C) The process adds an extra twenty-first chromosome.
D) Meiosis is the process by which the egg and sperm combine.
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following statements about persons with Down syndrome is TRUE?
A) Most are profoundly retarded.
B) Most have severe health problems and die before age 30.
C) Most require total care for life.
D) Most can function to some degree in society.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Birth and Physical Development During the First
Three Years
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike many undeveloped countries,the leading cause of infant death in the United States is
A) diarrhea.
B) pneumonia.
C) birth defects.
D) tetanus.
Q2) What term is used to describe the surgical procedure to remove the baby from the mother's abdomen?
A) Vaginal-section
B) Z-section
C) Abdomenectomy
D) Cesarean delivery
Q3) Christi's infant rejects foods that tastes bitter.This may
A) save the child's life.
B) be a cause of concern for the parents.
C) be an indicator of digestional issues.
D) be caused by a viral infection.
Q4) Identify three of the methods available to young mothers to enhance the survival rates of their infants.
Q5) List and describe the stages of childbirth.
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development During the First Three Years
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Learning theory implies that
A) newborns should be able to distinguish between sounds.
B) children acquire language the same way they learn to walk.
C) children will learn language more rapidly with praise and attention.
D) children learn language by classical conditioning.
Q2) Marla finds that rubbing her face against the satin edge of her blanket feels good.She learns to repeat this action to get a pleasurable sensation.According to Piaget,she has acquired a(n)
A) adaptation.
B) circular reaction.
C) unconditioned response.
D) symbolic representation.
Q3) The amount of time a baby spends looking at different sights is a measure of visual preference that is based on the ability to
A) make visual distinctions.
B) have vision loss.
C) visually habituate.
D) have visual distortions.
Q4) Define and provide examples of implicit and explicit memory.
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Q5) Analyze characteristics of early speech and common mistakes that children make.
Chapter 6: Psychosocial Development During the First
Three Years
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) At ages 4 and 5,children who had been anxiously attached as infants were A) dependent on the teacher.
B) fast learners.
C) actively involved in play.
D) able to initiate friendships.
Q2) At age 2,a healthy,normal child is likely to be A) docile.
B) dependent.
C) willful.
D) passive.
Q3) Generalizing from the text,a child raised among the Efe people of Zaire most likely would
A) show no attachment to their biological parents.
B) have more friends at a younger age than American children.
C) be aggressive and engage in more warlike play than American children.
D) learn to amuse and take care of themselves at an earlier age than American children.
Q4) Define empathy and discuss the role of mirror neurons in the development of empathy.
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Q5) Examine the relationship between temperament and the concept of goodness of fit.
Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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156 Verified Questions
156 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The practical knowledge of how to use language to communicate is A) pragmatics.
B) a linguistic dysfunction.
C) preoperational language.
D) overgeneralizing.
Q2) Which two aspects of preoperational thought are most responsible for children failing Piaget's conservation tasks?
A) Egocentrism and animism
B) Egocentrism and irreversibility
C) Irreversibility and animism
D) Irreversibility and centration
Q3) Four-year-old Sarah tells her mother,"I told the wind to blow,so it made my kite fly." This is an example of A) animism.
B) inductive reasoning.
C) egocentrism.
D) decentration.
Q4) Compare and contrast the Montessori Method and the Reggio Emilia approach to educating young children.
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Chapter 8: Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Five-year-old Chad's parents let him go to bed whenever he chooses.He can explore the neighborhood and go to anyone's house anytime he wishes.Which style of parenting is this?
A) Authoritarian
B) Permissive
C) Authoritative
D) Neglectful
Q2) Gender differences are believed to be influenced by A) hormones.
B) parents.
C) the media.
D) All of these
Q3) The earliest,most frequent,and most intense disputes among siblings are over A) relationships with parents.
B) bedtime rituals.
C) territoriality.
D) property rights.
Q4) Analyze gender differences in aggression and define both overt and relational aggression.
Q5) Critique the psychoanalytic approach to explaining gender identity.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List two challenges that a child who does not speak English faces in the classroom.Explain how both English-immersion and bilingual education programs work.
Q2) During the school years,the practical use of language,or __________,develops.
A) code switching
B) semantics
C) syntax
D) pragmatics
Q3) Leslie,a gifted student,was allowed to advance straight from second to fourth grade.What type of program is Leslie a part of?
A) Enrichment
B) Acceleration
C) Special
D) Advanced
Q4) Analyze the effects that the "American lifestyle" has had on physical development by middle childhood and suggest two ways that parents/teachers/caregivers can counteract some of the effects.
Q5) Evaluate the research presented in the research in action section on whether Barbie dolls affect a girl's body image.
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Chapter 10: Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children whose tendency is to see other children as trying to hurt them and then strike out in retaliation are showing
A) hostility.
B) hostile attribution bias.
C) dominance.
D) aggression bias.
Q2) Which of the following was NOT presented in your text as a benefit associated with "family mealtime"?
A) Promotion of language development
B) Reduced risk of chronic diseases
C) Increased awareness of cultural traditions
D) Fewer emotional problems
Q3) According to Selman's stages of friendship,a statement such as "Mikey used to be my friend,but he wouldn't spend the night with me last weekend" is indicative of which stage of friendship?
A) Momentary playmateship
B) One-way assistance
C) Two-way fair-weather cooperation
D) Intimate, mutually shared relationships
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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127 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a cause of obesity?
A) Inadequate physical activity
B) Poor eating habits
C) Genetic predisposition
D) All of these
Q2) Which of the following is a primary sex characteristic?
A) Changes in voice
B) Testes and penis growth
C) Pubic hair
D) Breast enlargement
Q3) The unhealthy diets of many adolescents place them at risk for all of the following EXCEPT
A) being overweight.
B) deficiencies in iron and calcium.
C) high-fat and low-nutrient eating.
D) increased heart attacks.
Q4) Compare and contrast the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and their treatments.
Page 13
Q5) Discuss sexual maturity in both males and females.
Q6) Discuss risk taking and its connection to the adolescent brain.
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Psychosocial Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following conclusions about teenage pregnancies are true EXCEPT
A) more than 90% of pregnant teenagers describe their pregnancies as unintended.
B) black and Hispanic girls are more likely to have babies than are Asian American girls.
C) black and Hispanic girls are more likely to have babies than American Indian girls.
D) U.S. teenagers are less likely to become pregnant and give birth than teenagers in most other industrialized countries.
Q2) Genital herpes is
A) incurable.
B) only mildly contagious.
C) associated with increased incidence of testicular cancer.
D) curable by injection of antiviral drugs.
Q3) Teenagers are likely to have positive attitudes toward safe sexual practices if they
A) talk to parents about sex.
B) talk to teachers about sex.
C) talk to counselors about sex.
D) talk to peers about sex.
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15
Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood
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132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The association between SES,race,and health has been reported in the literature.Which statement about this association is supported below?
A) White Americans are more likely to die from smoking than African Americans.
B) Young black adults are more likely to have high blood pressure than are young white adults.
C) There are no differences between more affluent people and low-income people in their diets.
D) People with lower SES have greater physical work and usually have less obesity.
Q2) _____ have the highest infection rates for STIs.
A) Married adults
B) Adolescents
C) Emerging adults
D) Young adults
Q3) The leading cause of death among young adults is
A) accidents.
B) suicide.
C) heart disease.
D) homicide.
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Chapter 14: Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the characteristics of parental interactions that can lead to individuals at age 25 to become "stuck" at a less mature level of ego development?
A) Encouraging and supportive
B) Controlling and punitive
C) Uplifting and spiritual
D) Expressive and open
Q2) Gale is a mother today.She is likely to spend ____ time on child care than her mother did 40 years ago.
A) more
B) less
C) the same amount of
D) None of these
Q3) Compared to first marriages,remarriages tend to be __________ stable.
A) slightly more
B) less
C) as
D) far more
Q4) Discuss the three stages of recentering and how they relate to identity development.
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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127 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recent research would suggest that if Jake is 55 years old,his health in comparison to people in their 70s and 80s is A) poorer.
B) about the same.
C) much better
D) likely to be significantly improved with much longer life expectancy.
Q2) Tristan,now 54 years old,is constantly complaining to his wife that she keeps the house too dark and he can't see to read his newspaper.It is likely that Tristan is beginning to suffer from A) presbyopia.
B) presbycusis.
C) arthritis. D) myopia.
Q3) Which of the following statements about the immune system and stress is FALSE?
A) There are more natural killer cells present during times of stress.
B) Viruses and bacteria are more likely to multiply when one is under stress.
C) Natural killer cells are more likely to be present in low-stress situations.
D) The immune system recognizes foreign materials and destroys them.
Q4) Define osteoporosis and provide three recommendations offered by doctors to reduce bone loss.
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Chapter 16: Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to social convoy theory,we rely on our close friends and family for all of the following EXCEPT
A) assistance.
B) well-being.
C) financial support.
D) social support.
Q2) According to Erikson,the virtue of middle adulthood is A) hope.
B) care.
C) trust.
D) love.
Q3) Joshlyn,who is in her mid-fifties,takes classes at the local college at night and has started attending fitness classes in the morning.According to Rogers,Joshlyn is still striving
A) to reach late adulthood.
B) to reach self-actualization.
C) to achieve self-efficacy.
D) to fulfill a lifelong dream.
Q4) Describe two advantages and two disadvantages associated with cohabitation in middle-aged adults.
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on centenarians has discovered three alternative patterns in the health histories.Which of the following is NOT one those patterns discussed in your text?
A) Survivors
B) Escapers
C) Delayers
D) Revivers
Q2) In terms of measuring intelligence,at what age do most adults began to score below the average performance of younger adults?
A) age 40
B) age 70
C) age 80
D) age 90
Q3) Older people,especially men,often have trouble hearing
A) low-frequency sounds.
B) high-frequency sounds.
C) background sounds with a hearing aid.
D) None of these
Q4) Evaluate the findings of the Seattle Longitudinal study described in the text.
Page 20
Q5) List four genetic-programming theories and choose one to explain in detail.
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Chapter 18: Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Older women in the United States are
A) less likely to live alone.
B) more likely to live alone.
C) more likely to be upper income.
D) less likely to end up in institutional care facilities.
Q2) A longitudinal study of older adults demonstrated that negative emotions such as boredom,loneliness,and unhappiness
A) increased after age 60.
B) increased after age 70.
C) decreased after age 60.
D) decreased in women after age 60.
Q3) What percentage of people who retire in their 50s and 60s never return to full or part-time work?
A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%
Q4) Evaluate Erik Erikson's eighth and final stage,and discuss the virtue that develops during this stage.
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Chapter 19: Dealing With Death and Bereavement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Today,what percent of people in the United States live to be age 65 or older?
A) 40%
B) 50%
C) 65%
D) 75%
Q2) Which of the following is NOT considered a cultural aspect of death?
A) The manner in which someone dies
B) The care of and behavior toward the dying
C) The setting where death usually takes place
D) The mourning customs and rituals
Q3) When Jerrod's grandfather died,he became very interested in the processes involved in the death of a loved one.He decided to go to college and study all he could in the field of ___________ so that he could help others who had to face the death of their loved ones.
A) psychology
B) forensics
C) thanatology
D) mortology
Q4) Discuss the concept that development is a lifelong process.
Q5) Evaluate the classic grief work model and provide examples of each stage.
Page 22
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