Introduction to Geography
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Geography provides an overview of the fundamental concepts, principles, and approaches used in the study of the worlds physical and human landscapes. Through exploration of topics such as climate, landforms, population, culture, and economic systems, students will develop an understanding of how natural environments and human societies interact and shape each other. The course emphasizes spatial thinking, map interpretation, and geographic technologies, equipping students with tools to analyze global patterns and address real-world issues related to environment, development, and sustainability.
Recommended Textbook
Visualizing Physical Geography 2nd Edition by Timothy Foresman
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Discovering the Earths Dimensions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The imaginary straight line that passes through the center of the earth and the poles is known as the:
A)equator
B)prime meridian
C)plane of the ecliptic
D)axis
Answer: D
Q2) Latitude is the arc of a parallel between the prime meridian and a given point on the globe.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Since the earth rotates 360 degrees over 24 hours, standard meridians are usually 15 degrees apart.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The earth's squashed shape is closer to a(n)__________ than a sphere. Answer: oblate spheroid
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Chapter 2: The Earths Global Energy Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Black pavement surfaces tend to have albedos that are __________.
A)very low (0.03 or less)
B)intermediate (0.03 to 0.25)
C)high (0.4 to 0.85)
D)very high (greater than 0.85)
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?
A)ultraviolet
B)infrared
C)microwaves
D)visible light
Answer: A
Q3) The Earth's annual net radiation budget is:
A)positive everywhere
B)negative everywhere
C)positive from the equator to about 40 north and south
D)negative from the equator to about 40 north and south
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Air Temperature
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Sample Questions
Q1) On a warm summer day, latent heat transfers will tend to:
A)cool the ground surface
B)warm the ground surface
C)cool the near ground air
D)warm the near ground air
Answer: A
Q2) Sensible heat refers to the kinetic energy level of the molecules of a substance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) _____ can be transferred by the processes of conduction or convection.
A)Sensible heat
B)Latent heat
C)Net radiation
D)insolation
Answer: A
Q4) During January, isotherms in the northern hemisphere of a world map tend to bend to the ______ over the continents.
Answer: south
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Chapter 4: Atmospheric Moisture and Precipitation
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Sample Questions
Q1) When water vapor is converted into water droplets due to cooling, the process is called:
A)percolation
B)evaporation
C)condensation
D)evapotranspiration
Q2) The temperature of a rising parcel of air __________ as it ascends.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)increases then decreases
D)decreases then increases
Q3) A/An ______ cloud is often associated with fair weather.
A)altostratus
B)stratus
C)cumulus
D)cumulonimbus
Q4) Water changing from a liquid to a gas is known as ______________ and requires the absorption of latent heat.
Q5) A rising parcel of unsaturated air will decline at a temperature of _________ C/1000 m.
6
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Chapter 5: Global Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Atmospheric pressure:
A)increases with elevation
B)decreases with elevation
C)does not change with elevation
Q2) Valley breezes occur during the night as cold, dense air flows down mountainsides towards valleys.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In an anticyclone located in the southern hemisphere winds :
A)converge in a clockwise direction
B)converge in a counterclockwise direction
C)diverge in a clockwise direction
D)diverge in a counterclockwise direction
Q4) Atmospheric pressure is produced by the weight of a column of air above a unit area of the earth's surface.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The Coriolis effect is caused by the ________ of the Earth.
Q6) In the northern hemisphere, air flow in a cyclone moves in a _________.
Q7) Explain how a mercury barometer works.
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Chapter 6: Weather Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Air masses that form over continents are classified as "dry" air masses.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Thunderstorms are associated with unstable air.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A cyclonic storm is an intense weather disturbance within a moving cyclone generating strong winds, cloudiness, and precipitation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The distinguishing characteristic of tropical air masses is that they tend to be ______.
Q5) In a cyclone, air cools adiabatically as it rises, which can lead to cyclonic precipitation.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Wave cyclones form along the polar front where cold and warm air masses come in contact.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Global Climates and Climate Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) The wet-dry climate is characterized by very wet season alternating with a very dry season.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Regions with semiarid climates have sufficient precipitation to:
A)sustain year round flow in streams
B)sustain some types of forest growth
C)sustain prairies of tall dense grass
D)none of the above
Q3) In the United States, the moist continental climate covers most of the:
A)northeast
B)northwest
C)southeast
D)southwest
Q4) Explain the two major factors that influence temperature.
Q5) The moist continental precipitation regime is characterized by:
A)a dry summer
B)a dry winter
C)dry conditions all year round
D)moist conditions all year round
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Earth From the Inside Out
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following terms best describes the rocky outer layer of the Earth?
A)asthenosphere
B)biosphere
C)atmosphere
D)lithosphere
E)hydrosphere
Q2) Felsic minerals tend to be:
A)light-colored and silica-rich
B)dark-colored and silica-poor
C)light-colored and silica-rich.
D)dark-colored and silica-poor.
Q3) The continents and ocean basins are located in the:
A)crust
B)mantle
C)core
D)asthenosphere
Q4) Silicon is one of the most abundant element in Earth's crust.
A)True
B)False
Q5) _____ and silicon are the two most common elements in Earth's crust.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanoes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Small volcanoes that form when frothy magma is ejected under high pressure from a narrow vent is called a _________________.
Q2) Most buildings are not designed to withstand the swaying motion caused by earthquakes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the difference between an anticline and a syncline.
Q4) The temperature and pressure in the asthenosphere generally keep the rocks there below the melting point.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The 2011 earthquake in Japan was one of the largest (in magnitude)in recorded history.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The slower moving waves which are generated by an earthquake that usually create an up and down shaking motion are called ________________.
Q7) Explain the horst and graben structures of the Basin and Range Province (western U.S.).
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Chapter 11: Fresh Water of the Continents
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Sample Questions
Q1) In arid landscapes, lakes are often internally drained, and as a result of ____________, leave behind accumulations of salts.
A)excess rainfall
B)groundwater discharge
C)infiltration
D)evaporation
E)tidal changes
Q2) Eutrophication can occur when sewage and fertilizers are introduced into a lake.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The term __________ refers to the amount of water passing a point on the stream's bank during a given unit of time.
Q4) What is the difference between the saturated zone and the unsaturated zone?
Q5) The ridge and valley system of Appalachia which has parallel hills and valleys would have which type of drainage pattern?
A)dendritic
B)trellis
C)annular
D)radial
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Chapter 12: Land-Forms Made by Running Water
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Sample Questions
Q1) Any recent sediment deposit transported by water is known as __________.
Q2) In the geomorphic cycle, landforms are generally flat in a youthful stage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following stream conditions would be most conducive to the formation of a waterfall?
A)meandering stream
B)dry stream
C)ungraded stream
D)graded stream
Q4) A delta is a deposit that forms when a stream enters a standing body of water.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When streams are just able to move the amount of sediment that they receive, they are said to be __________.
A)incising
B)graded
C)aggrading
D)dry
Q6) What is the difference between a point bar and a cut bank?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Landforms Made by Wind and Waves
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sea level is relatively higher than during the last ice age.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States are mostly flanked by__________
A)ria landforms
B)coral reef
C)fiord landforms
D)barrier islands
E)all of the above
Q3) Coral Reefs can be found in oceans with the temperature of the water below 20°C (68°F).
A)True
B)False
Q4) Transverse, parabolic, and barchan are all examples of sand dunes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Like tides, ocean waves are powered by the Moon's gravity.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Glacial and Periglacial Landforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Yosemite Falls in California would be an example of a _____________________.
Q2) The North Pole is covered by a continental ice sheet.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Since the Wisconsin Glaciation ended, the Earth has been in a period of interglaciation known as the _______________________________
Q4) Today's ice sheets, or continental glaciers, are restricted to Antarctica and where?
A)Greenland
B)Iceland
C)Chile
D)Norway
Q5) Beyond the moraine, a smooth area of water-laid sediment often marked by kettles and kames, is called a/an:
A)outwash plain
B)pediment
C)mesa
D)terminal moraine
Q6) Define a cirque. Discuss how and where a cirque forms.
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Chapter 15: Global Soils
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Sample Questions
Q1) The loss of moisture to the atmosphere from the soil and from plants is called:
A)oxidation
B)podzolization
C)evapotranspiration
D)liquefaction
Q2) The most naturally fertile soil is considered to be the mollisols.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A __________ is a soil that contains a proportion of each of the three grades that is most effective at storing moisture.
Q4) The alteration of material within soil layers is called:
A)removal
B)metamorphism
C)transformation
D)inversion
Q5) The water storage level below which is insufficient for plants is the:
A)wilting point
B)break-in-bulk point
C)recharge
D)dew point
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Chapter 16: Biogeographic Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many species have been exterminated by:
A)prehistoric human hunters
B)periodic burning by prehistoric humans
C)human alteration of habitat
D)ALL of these
Q2) The creation of diversity of life-forms through the process of natural selection is:
A)speciation
B)evolution
C)extinction
D)dispersal
Q3) When new land forms and plant and animal communities begin to develop, the process is called:
A)primary succession
B)mutualism
C)commensalism
D)secondary succession
Q4) The clouded leopard, Himalayan black bear, and the gold langur are extinct.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Global Biogeography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Biomes are broken down into smaller vegetation units called:
A)strata
B)kingdoms
C)formation classes
D)genera
Q2) The climate with which the savanna biome is BEST associated is the:
A)monsoon and trade-wind coastal
B)tundra
C)Mediterranean
D)wet-dry tropical
Q3) The principal terrestrial biomes include:
A)forest and grassland
B)tundra and savanna
C)desert
D)ALL of these
Q4) Explain three possible reasons for why the subtropical evergreen forest is more noted for paper production than the mid-latitude deciduous forest.
Q5) The needleleaf forest has widely diverse tree species.
A)True
B)False
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