Introduction to Developmental Psychology Solved
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Course Introduction
Introduction to Developmental Psychology explores the patterns and processes of human growth and change across the lifespan, from conception through old age. This course examines major theories, research methods, and scientific findings related to physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development. Students will analyze how biological, cultural, and environmental factors influence development, and discuss key milestones and challenges associated with different life stages. Through case studies, current research, and practical applications, the course provides foundational knowledge for understanding human behavior and development in diverse contexts.
Recommended Textbook Children and Their Development 4th Canadian Edition by Robert V. Kail
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14 Chapters
2726 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Child Development
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271 Verified Questions
271 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gregory knows that hitting his sister is wrong.When a researcher asks Gregory how many times he has ever hit his sister,Gregory's answer is much lower than the real number.This is an example of response bias.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Social cognitive theory extended operant conditioning theory by adding the concept of
A)observational learning.
B)punishment.
C)reinforcement.
D)genetic influences.
Answer: A
Q3) Freud proposed that children develop in stages.In order,these stages are
A)anal,oral,phallic,latency,genital.
B)genital,anal,oral,phallic,latency.
C)oral,phallic,anal,genital,latency.
D)oral,anal,phallic,latency,genital.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Genetic Bases of Child Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) In adoption studies,if a behaviour has genetic roots,adopted children should behave more like their biological parents than their adoptive parents.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) About 50 percent of the differences in children's scores on intelligence tests are due to heredity.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) In vitro fertilization involves combining the sperm and egg in a laboratory dish.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Heredity and environment interact dynamically throughout development.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn
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Sample Questions
Q1) Newborns sleep in a block of 16-18 hours daily.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Describe ultrasound,amniocentesis,and chorionic villus sampling and the kind of information that can be obtained from each.
Answer: A good answer will include the following key points:
- Ultrasound is a procedure using sound waves to generate a picture of the fetus.It can be used to determine the position of the fetus in the uterus,its sex,multiple pregnancies,and gross physical deformities.
- In amniocentesis,a needle is inserted through the mother's abdomen to obtain a sample of the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus.The fluid contains skin cells that can be grown in a laboratory dish and then analyzed to determine the genotype of the fetus.It is used to detect genetic disorders.
- In chorionic villus sampling,a sample of tissue is obtained from the chorion,part of the placenta,and analyzed to detect genetic disorders.
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Chapter 4: Growth and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Genes
A)are not related to weight.
B)are related to activity level.
C)do not influence basal metabolic rate.
D)do not influence the rate of calorie burning.
Q2) The effects of malnutrition can be cured simply by providing an adequate diet.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The onset of menstruation is called Menarche.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following statements is TRUE of the role of hormones in growth?
A)Growth hormone is secreted by the liver.
B)Growth hormone triggers the release of somatomedin which causes muscles and bones to grow.
C)The majority of growth hormone is secreted while children and adolescents are awake.
D)The pituitary gland does not have an important role in growth.
Q5) Research has shown that maturing early or late has psychological consequences that differ for boys and girls.Discuss.
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Chapter 5: Perceptual and Motor Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Interposition refers to the fact that
A)nearby objects look substantially larger than objects in the distance.
B)parallel lines come together at a single point in the distance.
C)the texture of objects changes from coarse but distinct for nearby objects to finer and less distinct for distant objects.
D)nearby objects partially obscure more distant objects.
Q2) Jeremiah was born with a hearing impairment.The most likely cause of his hearing impairment is A)heredity.
B)maternal disease during pregnancy.
C)maternal drug use during pregnancy.
D)maternal exposure to environmental contaminants during pregnancy.
Q3) Discuss what is known about infant visual acuity and colour perception.
Q4) When a stimulus,such as a tone,is presented to an infant over and over again,the infant will eventually habituate to the tone.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is habituation and how is it used to study perception in infants?
Q6) Discuss Bahrick and Lickliter's intersensory redundancy theory.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Theories of Cognitive Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Baillargeon found that infants as young as four and a half months showed object permanence in that they consistently looked longer at an unrealistic event than a realistic one.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true of working memory?
A)It stores information.
B)It is a permanent storehouse.
C)It holds "software" and "data."
D)It is analogous to computer RAM.
Q3) Formal operational thinkers can envision alternate realities and examine their consequences.They can create hypotheses and test them.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cognitive activities that require very little effort are referred to as A)working memory.
B)mental hardware.
C)mental software.
D)automatic processes.
Q5) Describe three characteristics of preoperational thinking.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills
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Sample Questions
Q1) By about ________ of age infants are able to distinguish two objects from three.
A)one month
B)five months
C)18 months
D)two years
Q2) Your friends have a three-month-old son,Zack.Two weeks ago,when Zack was at your house he had been interested in kicking at a ball that makes noise when it rolls.Yesterday when Zack was at your house,he kicked at the ball again as if he remembered moving the ball and hearing its noise.When you pointed out this "memory" to Zack's parents,they said that "everyone knows that babies don't have any memories." What can you tell your friends about memory in infants that might change their minds?
Q3) Research has shown that having computers in the classroom has a detrimental impact on student learning.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain what is meant by a memory strategy and discuss how memory strategy use changes with age.
Q5) Name and briefly describe the three basic principles of counting.
Q6) What are some common features of children's and adolescents' problem solving?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Behavioural factors that place individuals at risk for intellectual disability include
A)inadequate special education services.
B)impaired parent-child interactions.
C)domestic violence.
D)malnutrition.
Q2) The Bayley Scales of Infant Development consist of five scales that measure mental and motor ability.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a culture-fair intelligence test?
A)the Bayley Scales
B)the Wechsler Scales
C)the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
D)Raven's Progressive Matrices
Q4) The correlation between IQ scores at 6 years of age and adult IQ scores are
A)relatively high;about .7.
B)extremely high;about .9.
C)relatively low;about .3.
D)extremely low;close to 0.
10
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Chapter 9: Language and Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children's use of grammatical morphemes is based primarily on
A)learning individual words.
B)the use of rules.
C)inflection.
D)telegraphic speech.
Q2) Most children say their first words at about ________ of age.
A)6 months
B)12 months
C)18 months
D)24 months
Q3) Infants as young as ________ of age can distinguish phonemes.
A)one month
B)six months
C)one year
D)two years
Q4) One way that young infants seem to identify words is by
A)paying attention to unusual combinations of syllables.
B)paying more attention to stressed syllables rather than unstressed syllables.
C)paying more attention to words they have never heard before.
D)paying attention to the meaning of words.
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Provide examples supporting the notion that temperament is an important influence on development.
Q2) Modern theories emphasize the ____________ value of emotion.
A)functional
B)persuasive
C)comfort
D)physiological
Q3) Smiles during the first month reflect the infant's pleasure in interacting with others.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When one-year-old Kim was shown a new toy,she looked at her mother who appeared to be afraid of the toy.Kim became distressed and moved away from the toy.Kim used ________ to regulate her own behaviour.
A)an internal working model
B)systematic desensitization
C)social referencing
D)stranger anxiety
Q5) Explain what is meant by basic emotions and complex emotions and give examples of each.
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Chapter 11: Understanding Self and Others
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children are more likely to view themselves positively when their parents are affectionate with them.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An individual's self-esteem
A)becomes more differentiated with age.
B)tends to be at similar levels across different domains.
C)is usually highest during the junior high school years.
D)is not affected by how others view them.
Q3) As teens become more independent,their relationships with their parents become more egalitarian.
A)True
B)False
Q4) During Selman's ________ stage of perspective-taking,children know that perspectives differ because people have access to different information.
A)undifferentiated
B)third-person
C)social-informational
D)societal
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Chapter 12: Moral Understanding and Behaviour
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Sample Questions
Q1) Moral decision-making based on social norms is characteristic of which of Kohlberg's levels of moral reasoning?
A)preconventional level
B)conventional level
C)postconventional level
D)empathic level
Q2) Which of the following statements concerning Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is TRUE?
A)The stages occur in an invariant sequence.
B)Higher levels of moral reasoning are sometimes found among individuals of all ages.
C)Most adults' moral reasoning is at the postconventional level.
D)The level of moral reasoning is unrelated to the level of cognitive development.
Q3) Which of the following is characteristic of moral realism?
A)a belief in immanent justice
B)postconventional level reasoning
C)understanding that rules are created by people to help them get along D)making moral decisions based on personal,moral principles
Q4) Critique Kohlberg's theory.
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Chapter 13: Gender and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Preschool children prefer to play with same-sex peers
A)only when they have been discouraged from playing with opposite-sex peers.
B)but will readily comply when parents encourage them to play with opposite-sex peers.
C)spontaneously,without adult pressure.
D)except when they are engaged in gender-neutral activities such as playing tag.
Q2) A child's ability to understand that they are either a boy or a girl is referred to as gender
A)stability.
B)stereotyping.
C)labelling.
D)constancy.
Q3) Elizabeth is high on both instrumental and expressive traits.She
A)was probably exposed to unusually high levels of male hormones during prenatal development.
B)was probably exposed to unusually high levels of female hormones during prenatal development.
C)is constricting.
D)is androgynous.
Q4) What are some of the explanations for gender differences in spatial ability?
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Chapter 14: Social Influences
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Sample Questions
Q1) Young children's play is more likely to be cooperative when
A)children are two years old than when they are six years old.
B)parents are present.
C)parents are not present.
D)children are insecurely attached to their mother.
Q2) As parents have more children,they tend to
A)increase their expectations for their children.
B)become more affectionate with their children.
C)become more punitive with their children.
D)become more relaxed in their discipline.
Q3) Parents who abuse their children
A)tend to have satisfying marital relationships.
B)are usually severely disturbed.
C)are unlikely to have ever been abused themselves as a child.
D)often use ineffective parenting techniques.
Q4) Supportive grandparents are very close to their grandchildren,are very involved in their lives,and frequently perform parental roles,including discipline.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List some common traits associated with firstborn,laterborn,and only children.
Page 16
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