Introduction to Developmental Psychology Pre-Test
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Course Introduction
Introduction to Developmental Psychology explores the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout the human lifespan, from infancy through old age. This course examines physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development, integrating key theories, contemporary research findings, and real-world applications. Topics include prenatal development, attachment, language acquisition, moral reasoning, identity formation, and the impact of family, culture, and society on individual development. Students will gain a foundational understanding of how people develop and change, as well as an appreciation for the diversity of developmental pathways.
Recommended Textbook
Life Span Human Development 9th Edition by
Carol K. Sigelman
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Understanding Life-Span Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term emerging adulthood refers to individuals from about age
A)11 to 17.
B)18 to 29.
C)29 to 37.
D)38 to 46.
Answer: B
Q2) Manuel hoped to graduate from college by age 22 but finds himself enrolling for the first time at age 52.The anxiety Manuel feels because of this situation may be best explained by the concept of
A)biological maturation.
B)a social clock.
C)plasticity.
D)historical change.
Answer: B
Q3) Development is best defined as
A)individual differences in human behavior.
B)systematic changes and continuities from conception to death.
C)way in which people change in positive ways across time.
D)systematic unfolding of genetic potential.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Theories of Human Development
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Q1) Who would be most likely to believe that the horrible-sounding music his band is playing actually sounds good,just because he wants the band to sound good?
A)John,a preoperational thinker
B)Paul,a concrete operational thinker
C)George,a formal operations thinker
D)Ringo,a postformal operations thinker
Answer: A
Q2) In operant conditioning terms,_____ occurs when something unpleasant is removed and the result is an increased response rate.
A)positive reinforcement
B)negative reinforcement
C)positive punishment
D)negative punishment
Answer: B
Q3) According to Piaget,children construct their own understanding of the world based on their experiences.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Genes,Environment,and Development
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Q1) Heritability refers to
A)how much of a trait is influenced by genetic factors for a specific individual.
B)the proportion of the differences in a trait among a group of people that is due to genetic differences.
C)the percentage of pairs of people where,if one person in the pair has a trait,the other person in the pair also has the trait.
D)the degree to which one trait increases with increases in another trait.
Answer: B
Q2) Based on research outlined in the text,which of the following would be most impacted by one's environment?
A)resting heart rate
B)academic performance
C)opinion on gay rights
D)talkativeness at parties
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: Prenatal Development and Birth
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Q1) Neurons that will become part of the cerebral cortex migrate by A)being passively pushed to their location.
B)traveling along the surface of glial cells.
C)following dendrites.
D)diffusion.
Q2) The umbilical cord connects the A)amnion and chorion B)blastula and zygote.
C)heart and lungs.
D)embryo and placenta.
Q3) Mayako did not know she was pregnant until she was about three months along.During that time,she drank alcoholic beverages quite frequently.While prenatal alcohol consumption can influence the developing embryo and fetus in a number of ways,Mayako should be LEAST concerned about having a newborn who A)has hyperactivity.
B)has lowered intelligence.
C)has seizures.
D)has a deformed heart.
Q4) Describe any five prenatal teratogens and their impact of the developing embryo and fetus.
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Chapter 5: Body, Brain, and Health
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Q1) The right brain hemisphere
A)controls the right side of the body and is skilled at sequential processing.
B)controls the left side of the body and is skilled at sequential processing.
C)controls the right side of the body and is skilled at simultaneous processing.
D)controls the left side of the body and is skilled at simultaneous processing.
Q2) The earliest evidence of lateralization in the brain is ________.
A)the ability to coordinate eye-hand movements
B)the preference for using a particular hand
C)the elimination of the Babinski reflex
D)the decline in risk-taking behaviors
Q3) Because men can father a child well into old age,they experience no real changes as their testosterone levels gradually decline.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the three principles of growth,providing examples of each.
Q5) Sexual maturation occurs at different rates in different racial and ethnic groups.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Sensation, Perception, and Action
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Q1) All of the major sensory systems begin to function
A)before birth.
B)shortly after birth.
C)about one month after birth.
D)by a child's first birthday.
Q2) Sitting out in the garden,a small,fluttering object approaches three-year-old Annie.When she notices it,a proponent of the ecological perspective would say that Annie's next step would be to ________.
A)build meaning
B)learn more
C)translate it
D)take action
Q3) Explain the concept of affordances in Gibson's ecological approach.Provide an example of an affordance for each of the five senses in a developing child.
Q4) How does the sense of hearing change in older adulthood? What is the impact of these changes?
Q5) Compare and contrast the effects of cataracts,glaucoma,and age-related macular degeneration.Which do you think would be most problematic for an older adult? Explain your reasoning.
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Chapter 7: Cognition
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Q1) Piaget believed that babies and children are less cognitively competent than we understand them to be today.What caused this error in Piaget's perspective?
A)small sample size
B)lack of variable control
C)inadequate testing
D)cultural biases
Q2) Thanh has firmly established her capacity for postformal thought.When faced with a difficult problem,what will she rely on to make a decision?
A)judgment
B)experimentation
C)intuition
D)precedent
Q3) Use Piaget's terminology and concepts to describe cognitive development from birth to age two years.
Q4) Observing a class of kindergarten students,Piaget would say that ________.
A)students from communal cultures will use more collaborative approaches
B)students will approach tasks and problems differently based on domains
C)all of the students will approach all tasks and problems the same way
D)students with greater competence will guide students who are less capable
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Chapter 8: Memory and Information Processing
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Q1) The key to the "fuzzy trace" theory of childhood amnesia is the belief that _____ is/are stored separately in memory.
A)visual and auditory information
B)emotional and behavioral memories
C)verbatim and general accounts of events
D)tactile and spatial events
Q2) One strategy that adolescents use to improve memory is to reject certain types of information.
A)True
B)False
Q3) On a recognition task,a person
A)is presented with a list of alternatives that includes the correct answer.
B)is not presented with the correct answer but is given a hint.
C)is neither presented with the correct answer nor given a hint.
D)must generate the answer completely on his or her own.
Q4) Which high school student is most likely to utilize metacognitive strategies?
A)Ronnie,a boy from a high-income household
B)Dawn,a girl from a low-income household
C)Sid,a boy from a low-income household
D)Cassie,a girl from a high-income household
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Creativity
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Q1) Whether in science or the arts,Carol and Jeannie hope their young son Rex grows up to be a highly creative thinker.What should they do to help their Rex achieve this goal?
A)feed him a healthy diet
B)encourage him to explore
C)keep him from watching TV
D)eliminate household rules
Q2) Which "home environment" factor seems to be most important for the intellectual development of a child?
A)Having several older siblings
B)Having several younger siblings
C)A permissive parenting style
D)Parental involvement with the child
Q3) After years as store manager,Lori is able to go through the nightly closing checklist almost without thinking.Lori is demonstrating which of the following?
A)terminal drop
B)automatization
C)factor analysis
D)the Flynn effect
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Chapter 10: Language and Education
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Q1) Linguistic overextension occurs when a person
A)uses the same word to describe too wide a range of objects.
B)initially learns all the letters of the alphabet.
C)cannot understand the relationship between the sound for a word and the object it represents.
D)uses many words to describe a single object.
Q2) During the _____ phase of reading,a child is first able to "read" something that he or she memorized during a previous reading session.
A)prealphabetic
B)partial alphabetic
C)full alphabetic
D)full phonological awareness
Q3) A program that targets environmental factors to improve toddlers' readiness for school would focus on ________.
A)promoting academics
B)reducing poverty
C)updating classrooms
D)training parents
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12
Chapter 11: Self and Personality
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Q1) The social learning perspective assumes that
A)there are universal stages in the development of personality.
B)personality is best described in terms of trait dimensions.
C)personality traits have a strong genetic basis.
D)personality development is highly influenced by environmental experience.
Q2) Jackson is about to retire.In preparation,he has begun to take up golf as a way to fill some of the time he would normally have been at work.Jackson's response best fits with the _____ theory concerning successful aging.
A)temperament
B)activity
C)disengagement
D)stagnation
Q3) If you were to assign yourself a grade of B+,from a personality perspective you would be focusing on ________.
A)self-recognition
B)self-concept
C)self-consciousness
D)self-esteem
Q4) How does the development of self proceed from birth through age three?
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Chapter 12: Gender Roles and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tameka is in the pre-coming out stage of her journey toward a transgender identity.Which of the following terms best reflects her state?
A)relieved
B)confident
C)anticipatory
D)confused
Q2) A major difference between Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental theory and Martin and Halverson's gender-schema theory is that gender typing in the gender-schema theory
A)does not begin to develop until after children have developed gender stability and gender consistency.
B)begins as soon as children acquire gender identity at around two to three years of age.
C)develops via passive exposure to external models of gender-typed behaviors. D)is unrelated to cognitive development.
Q3) Compare and contrast the concepts of gender constancy,gender stability,and gender consistency.Be sure to identify a life period when each occurs,and give examples to support your thinking.
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Chapter 13: Social Cognition and Moral Development
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Q1) What is the underlying concept of the false belief task?
A)discerning between right and wrong
B)setting aside moral considerations
C)understanding what others think
D)pretending to feel sympathy for people
Q2) As director of a positive youth development program working with teens who have been expelled from school for violent behavior,what would be the main focus of your staff's activities?
A)teaching teens the legal consequences of further violent behavior
B)exploring personal assets of each teen and ways to strengthen them
C)coaching the teens' parents in more mutually responsive strategies
D)providing academic tutoring to ensure teens get a GED certificate
Q3) Zola puts her toys away in the toy chest and goes to eat dinner.Her brother,unbeknownst to her,decides to take all of her toys and put them under his bed.As a child who has a theory of mind,when Zola returns after dinner,she will
A)look for her toys in the toy chest.
B)look for her toys where her brother has hidden them.
C)not remember anything about her toys.
D)try to think of where her brother likes to hide things.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which scenario best illustrates chumship?
A)Seventy-year-olds Kate and Ron,who have been happily married for 40 years
B)Forty-somethings Tasha and Steve,who are really enjoying their first date
C)Five-year-old Sorboni,who is on a great camping trip with her dad Pradeep
D)Third-graders Terrell and Chung,who are best friends.
Q2) Baby Lonnie has begun to express delight when seeing the faces of his mom,dad,and older sister.How old is Lonnie?
A)2-6 weeks old
B)2-3 months old
C)7-8 months old
D)11-12 months or older
Q3) Longitudinal research on the long-term effects of having been securely attached as an infant indicates that a(n)
A)secure attachment in infancy predicted the quality of peer relationships in elementary school.
B)insecure attachment in infancy predicted the quality of one's marriage.
C)secure attachment in adolescence predicted the quality of life review near death.
D)insecure attachment in adolescence predicted college grades.
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Chapter 15: The Family
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Q1) The _____ family systems model would be most accepting of the notion, "It's always mommy's fault!"
A)social learning model
B)indirect effects model
C)transactional model
D)parents effects model
Q2) Statistically speaking,who is at greatest risk for abusing their child?
A)Javon,a young,employed male with two children
B)Rene,a young,unemployed single woman with four children
C)Doug,a middle-aged,poor,single father of one
D)Maritza,a middle-aged,married,working mother of five
Q3) Which statement is true with regard to the nature of early parent-child interactions?
A)As the result of genetic factors,fathers have been shown to be incapable of sensitive parenting.
B)Mothers are far more sensitive to infants' cues during feeding.
C)Fathers are more likely to engage in "playful interactions" (e.g. ,tickling,bouncing)with their children.
D)Fathers are significantly less effective at feeding infants.
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17
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Third grader Rajon has been diagnosed with ADHD.Which of the following is he most likely to display?
A)impatience
B)interrupting
C)disorganization
D)fidgeting
Q2) Children who have a depressive disorder
A)differ from adolescents and adults with depression,because children never attempt suicide.
B)are easy to identify because they frequently talk about their negative feelings.
C)often have problems with depression as adolescents and adults.
D)seldom respond well to any form of psychotherapy.
Q3) In the United States,suicide is the _____ leading cause of death in adolescence.
A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth
Q4) Compare and contrast dementia and delirium and explain why it is important to understand the distinction.
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Chapter 17: The Final Challenge: Death and Dying
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Q1) The main purpose of a living will is to
A)make provisions for the division of property among loved ones after one's own death.
B)specify how much medical care you wish to receive if you become hopelessly ill.
C)appoint guardians to care for all living minor offspring upon one's death.
D)make active euthanasia legal for one's self.
Q2) _____ grief is not fully recognized by others and is generally harder to cope with than other forms of grief.
A)Anticipatory
B)Disenfranchised
C)Chronic
D)Finality
Q3) An individual taking a strong _____ perspective would be most likely to suggest that in order to cope with the death of a husband,a wife must confront their loss and detach from her husband.
A)grief-work
B)disenfranchised grief
C)anticipatory grief
D)damage theory
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