Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology provides a foundational understanding of the human body's structure and function. This course explores the organization of the body at the cellular, tissue, organ, and system levels, covering key physiological processes and anatomical features. Students will examine major body systems, including the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems, while learning essential terminology and concepts. The course emphasizes the relationship between anatomical structures and physiological functions, preparing students for further studies in health sciences and clinical practice.
Recommended Textbook
Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition by Susannah Longenbaker
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19 Chapters
2160 Verified Questions
2160 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Organization of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) The kidneys and urinary bladder are part of the
A)endocrine system.
B)urinary system.
C)lymphatic system.
D)digestive system.
Answer: B
Q2) Soft tissue such as muscles shows up as light areas on X-rays. Soft tissue such as muscles shows up as dark areas on X-rays.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region?
A)Hypogastric
B)Left lumbar
C)Right iliac
D)Umbilical
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following molecules is the primary energy carrier in cells?
A)DNA
B)ATP
C)RNA
D)GNA
Answer: B
Q2) An element is any substance that contains one type of
A)molecule.
B)isotope.
C)atom.
D)proton.
Answer: C
Q3) The coiling and folding of a polypeptide chain into a more circular molecule is the ____ structure of a protein.
A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) The plasma membrane consists primarily of
A)phospholipids and proteins.
B)sugars and starchs.
C)phospholipids and sugars.
D)sugars and proteins.
Answer: A
Q2) The plasma membrane is
A)impermeable.
B)permeable to everything.
C)selectively permeable.
Answer: C
Q3) Sperm use __________ for movement.
A)cilia
B)flagella
C)microvilli
D)microfilaments
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Body Tissues and Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of muscle has intercalated disks?
A)Skeletal muscle
B)Smooth muscle
C)Cardiac muscle
D)Both smooth and cardiac muscles.
Q2) Which type of extracellular junction forms an impermeable barrier of cells?
A)gap junction
B)adhesion junction
C)membrane junction
D)tight junction
Q3) Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with A)meninges.
B)synovial membranes.
C)mucous membranes.
D)All apply.
Q4) Which of the following is/are connective tissue(s)?
A)Bone
B)Cartilage
C)Blood
D)All apply.
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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Merkel's cells detect sensations of A)pain.
B)deep pressure.
C)touch.
D)temperature.
Q2) What type of skin gland secretes earwax?
A)Sebaceous gland
B)Eccrine sweat gland
C)Apocrine sweat gland
D)Ceruminous gland
Q3) The inability to produce the pigment melanin is called A)albinism.
B)cyanosis.
C)decubitus.
D)alopecia.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT an aging effect of the skin?
A)The skin wrinkles.
B)The hair turns gray.
C)The amount of adipose tissue increases.
D)There are fewer sweat glands.
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Movement of the bones would be impossible without the muscular system.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following coxal bones is most inferior and allows a person to sit?
A)Ischium
B)Ilium
C)Pubis
Q3) What type of synovial joint movement will move a body part laterally,away from the body?
A)Adduction
B)Extension
C)Dorsiflexion
D)Abduction
Q4) Red marrow
A)produces blood cells.
B)is located in spongy bone.
C)is located in the epiphyseal plate.
D)produces blood cells and is located in spongy bone.
Q5) How could you differentiate between the skeletons of a tall adolescent and a short adult? Assume the skeletons are the same size.
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Myosin is
A)a protein.
B)the thin filament.
C)pulled inward during contraction.
D)All apply
Q2) This muscle allows you to stand on your tiptoes.
A)Gastrocnemius
B)Tibialis anterior
C)Flexor digitorum longus
D)Hamstring group
Q3) The _______ is helpful in keeping a rider on a horse.
A)iliopsoas
B)adductor group
C)quadriceps femoris group
D)gluteus maximus
Q4) The tibialis anterior will ______ the foot.
A)dorsiflex and invert
B)plantarflex and invert
C)dorsiflex and adduct
D)invert and abduct
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the A)dural mater.
B)pia mater.
C)ventricles.
D)choroid plexus.
Q2) An action potential begins with a A)stimulus.
B)depolarization.
C)repolarization.
D)refractory perioD.
Q3) Compare the cerebrum and spinal cord with regard to the location of gray and white matter.
Q4) All spinal nerves are mixed nerves.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The spinal cord begins at the ________ and ends at the ________.
A)foramen magnum;sacrum
B)foramen magnum;first lumbar vertebrae
C)fifth cervical vertebrae;coccyx
D)second cervical vertebrae;first lumbar vertebrae
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Sensory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The external auditory canal is part of the A)middle ear.
B)outer ear.
C)inner ear.
Q2) What structure does the stapes attach to?
A)Tympanic membrane
B)Oval window
C)Malleus
D)Round window
Q3) The mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids is called the A)conjunctivA.
B)lacrimal apparatus.
C)aqueous humor.
D)sclera.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a cutaneous receptor sensitive to fine touch?
A)Meissner corpuscles
B)Root hair plexus
C)Pacinian corpuscles
D)Merkel disks
Q5) Describe the process in which sound waves are conducted to the spiral organ.
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Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The male hormone secreted by the testes is A)estrogen.
B)progesterone.
C)testosterone.
D)gonadotropins.
Q2) Another name for the posterior pituitary gland is the A)adenohypophysis.
B)hypothalamus.
C)neurohypophysis.
D)midbrain.
Q3) Melatonin is released in response to A)increased sunlight.
B)staying awake later into the night.
C)decreased sunlight.
D)going to bed earlier.
Q4) Which portion of the adrenal gland may be associated with the sympathetic nervous system?
A)Medulla
B)Cortex
C)Medulla and cortex
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Chapter 11: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cross-matching blood is important before a transfusion is given because there are other blood antigens that could cause agglutination.
A)True B)False
Q2) Agglutination of blood may occur if anti-B antibodies come into contact with B antigens.
A)True B)False
Q3) Fifty-five percent of blood is A)organic molecules. B)plasma.
C)formed elements.
D)blood cells.
Q4) What chemical will dissolve fibrin to remove a blood clot?
A)Prothrombin
B)Thrombin
C)Plasmin
D)Serum
Q5) Compare plasma,tissue fluid,and serum with regard to composition.
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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Endothelium with its basement membrane is found in the A)tunica mediA.
B)tunica externa.
C)tunica muscularis.
D)tunica interna.
Q2) __________ carry blood to the heart.
A)Veins
B)Arteries
C)Capillaries
Q3) Which chambers contract simultaneously?
A)two atria
B)right atrium and right ventricle
C)all chambers contract simultaneously
D)all chambers contract separately
Q4) Phlebitis and hemorrhoids are conditions involving A)arteries.
B)capillaries.
C)veins.
D)All apply.
Q5) What is arteriosclerosis and why does it increase the risk of heart attack?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of a category A stage of an HIV infection?
A)Helper T count is 500 per mm<sup>3</sup> or greater.
B)An infected person is very contagious.
C)Most infected people have no symptoms.
D)HIV blood test is positive.
Q2) Interferon
A)increases the activity of macrophages.
B)makes the capillary more permeable.
C)prevents viral reproduction.
D)kills bacteria.
Q3) Which of the following has a connective tissue capsule that encloses the lymphatic tissue?
A)tonsils
B)appendix
C)Peyer's patches
D)lymph nodes
Q4) The thymus is the most critical organ to immunity.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Differentiate between passive and active immunity.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Passive smokers have a 30% greater chance of developing lung cancer than do nonsmokers in a smoke-free environment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Tidal volume is
A)air remaining in lungs after very deep exhalation.
B)air moved in and out with each normal breath.
C)maximum volume of air moved in and out during a single deep breath.
Q3) The diaphragm contracts during ___________ and relaxes during
___________.
A)expiration,inspiration
B)inspiration,expiration
Q4) Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the
A)bronchiole and alveoli.
B)alveoli and blood.
C)trachea and bronchi.
D)blood and tissue fluiD.
Q5) Which of the following is NOT a COPD?
A)chronic bronchitis
B)emphysema
C)acute bronchitis
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Chapter 15: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following foods is NOT a good dietary source of vitamins?
A)green,leafy vegetables
B)nuts
C)citrus fruits
D)red meat
Q2) Chemical digestion begins in the
A)mouth.
B)esophagus.
C)stomach.
D)small intestine.
Q3) Obesity is defined as a body weight 15% or more above the ideal weight for a person's height.
Obesity is defined as a body weight 20% or more above the ideal weight for a person's height.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Most digested nutrients are absorbed directly into the blood from the small intestines.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: The Urinary System and Excretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The kidneys aid in maintaining blood pressure by
A)preserving salt and water balance.
B)maintaining a normal blood volume.
C)producing renin.
D)All apply.
Q2) The kidneys are the primary organs of homeostasis because they
A)excrete nitrogenous wastes.
B)maintain water-electrolyte balance.
C)maintain acid-base balance.
D)maintain water-electrolyte and acid-base balance.
E)All apply.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a way that water exits the body?
A)sweat
B)feces
C)urine
D)exhaled air
E)All are ways.
Q4) Involuntary loss of urine is called incontinence.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The uterus usually lies above and tipped over the urinary bladder.
A)True
B)False
Q2) List the structures of the seminal tract in the order that sperm would encounter them.
Q3) The primary sex organ(s)in females is (are)
A)fallopian (uterine)tubes.
B)ovaries.
C)uterus.
D)vagina.
Q4) Why do the testes descend into the scrotum?
A)There is not sufficient room in the abdomen.
B)Abdominal temperature is too low to produce hormones.
C)Abdominal temperature is too high to produce viable sperm.
D)There is no known reason.
Q5) The ejaculatory ducts join the _______ in the prostate gland.
A)ureters
B)spermatic cord
C)urethra
D)None apply.
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Chapter 18: Human Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the fourth and fifth weeks
A)all organ systems have appeared.
B)ossification begins.
C)limb buds appear.
D)mother begins to feel movement.
Q2) The umbilical cord contains
A)the fetal intestine.
B)two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein.
C)only muscle tissue.
D)two umbilical veins and one umbilical artery.
Q3) The placenta is composed of
A)chorionic villi.
B)uterine tissue.
C)fetal tissue.
D)All apply.
Q4) Fertilization at conception is when the genetic material of the ovum and sperm combine.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List the embryonic membranes and explain their functions.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Human Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) An individual with Klinefelter syndrome would be a
A)nonfunctional female.
B)functional female.
C)nonfunctional male.
D)functional male.
Q2) Which condition occurs as a result of nondisjunction?
A)Down syndrome
B)Turner syndrome
C)Poly-x syndrome
D)All apply.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a sex-linked inherited disorder?
A)Thalassemia
B)Color blindness
C)Hemophilia
D)Muscular dystrophy
Q4) An individual with XYY has
A)Klinefelter syndrome.
B)Jacobs syndrome.
C)Turner syndrome.
D)poly-X syndrome.
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