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Interpersonal Relations explores the principles and dynamics of effective communication and relationships between individuals in personal and professional contexts. The course examines theories of interpersonal communication, emotional intelligence, conflict resolution, nonverbal communication, and cultural influences on relationships. Through case studies, group activities, and self-assessment, students will develop practical skills for building trust, empathy, and collaboration. By the end of the course, students will be able to analyze social interactions, recognize barriers to effective communication, and apply strategies to enhance their interpersonal competence in diverse situations.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 9th Edition by Elliot Aronson
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Q1) What is one likely, undesirable consequence of foregoing accuracy in favor of justifying our past behaviors? Justifying past behavior can
A) decrease the probability of learning from past experiences.
B) cause us to totally distort reality.
C) decrease our self-esteem.
D) decrease our self-confidence in social situations.
Answer: A
Q2) Ross and colleagues (2004) found that people playing the "Wall Street Game" were ________ competitive than people playing the "Community Game," ________ of individual differences in competitiveness and cooperativeness.
A) more; because
B) more; regardless
C) less; because
D) less; regardless
Answer: B
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Q1) A researcher is interested in the relationship between the number of a person's past sexual partners and the person's decision to have an HIV test.To determine this, the researcher should use the ________ method.
A) observational
B) correlational
C) experimental
D) longitudinal
Answer: B
Q2) When using the experimental method, it is crucial that in each condition
A) all extraneous events are identical.
B) only the dependent variable is manipulated.
C) there is mundane realism.
D) participants are chosen by random selection.
Answer: A
Q3) A hypothesis is most like a(n)
A) brilliant insight.
B) experiment.
C) theory.
D) hunch.
Answer: D
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Q1) Schemas are most like which of the following?
A) lenses through which we look at and learn about the world
B) tires on which we move about in the world
C) food, which helps us stay energized to explore the world
D) pillows, which help us recover from our time in the world
Answer: A
Q2) Based on what you learned in this chapter, do schemas become stronger or weaker over time? Why?
Answer: Schemas organize our knowledge about the world. They influence what we pay attention to, think about, and remember. Generally we are more likely to notice and thus more likely to recall information that fits our schemas rather than information that does not fit our schemas. If information is ambiguous, we tend to distort it in a way that fits our pre-existing schemas. If any needed information is missing, we are likely to fill it in with information that is consistent with our schemas. Additionally, because of the availability heuristic, we can recall information that is consistent with our schema quite easily. Finally, processes involved in the self-fulfilling prophecy-where we act consistently with our expectations of another, leading the other to confirm our expectations-provides another process by which schemas can become stronger over time.
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Q1) Chapter 1 of the textbook introduced the idea that people often behave and think in ways to protect their self-esteem.Which of the following will help do that?
A)self-serving attributions
B)representativeness heuristic
C)covariation model
D)implicit personality theory
Q2) Sometimes so-called "self-serving attributions" in the face of a setback only look self-serving to others.This is because actors
A) possess more information about past successes.
B) are motivated to appear modest.
C) locate the cause of an incident where it does them the most good.
D) tend to be less biased than observers.
Q3) According to research by Markus and colleagues (2006), American Olympic gold medal winners are more likely to attribute their win to ________ than Japanese gold medal winners.
A) their own unique talents and abilities
B) their coach's support and training
C) their parents, friends, and God
D) the poor performance of their opponents
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Q1) Walt's older brother Seymour decided to give him some incentive to continue doing well in school.Seymour told Walt that for every "A" he received on his report card, he would reward him with a comic book.Seymour is offering Walt a(n) ________ reward.
A) task-contingent
B) performance-contingent
C) item-contingent
D) time-contingent
Q2) According to self-awareness theory, under which of the following circumstances would an individual be most highly motivated to avoid self-awareness?
A) after giving a successful presentation
B) while reading an engaging novel
C) directly after receiving a low grade on an important test
D) while helping a friend with her homework
Q3) Self-handicapping
A) is harmless to one's performance.
B) has a negative impact on one's performance.
C) is good for skill development.
D) is more useful in a group.
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Q1) After reducing postdecision dissonance, people are more likely to rate the chosen and unchosen alternatives as
A)being very similar, with about equal strengths and weaknesses.
B)having an equal number of strengths, but the chosen alternative as having fewer weaknesses.
C)being more dissimilar, such that the chosen alternative is much more desirable than the unchosen one.
D)being similar in terms of weaknesses, but the chosen alternative has more strengths.
Q2) Based on MRI research on people who were experiencing and later resolved cognitive dissonance, what would you expect to happen to Mary, who just reduced her dissonant feelings about visiting the tanning salon by telling herself that she isn't genetically predisposed to skin cancer, so it won't affect her?
A) She will next experience nervousness.
B) She will experience pleasant feelings.
C) She will be able think critically about other things.
D) She will be unable to encode new memories for up to ten minutes.
Q3) Describe cultural differences in the extent to which individuals experience dissonance.
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Questions
Q1) If you are constructing an ad, a basic principle to remember is that you must
A) always construct your arguments carefully.
B) appeal only to viewers high in the need for cognition.
C) distract your audience because no one pays attention to arguments anyway.
D) try to ensure that your audience will pay attention to your ad.
Q2) According to the tenets of cognitive dissonance theory, people are most likely to change their attitudes when they have ________ justification for an attitude-discrepant behavior.
A) ample external
B) ample internal
C) insufficient external
D) insufficient internal
Q3) Who is more likely to use the central route to persuasion when attending to a communication about health insurance reform?
A) Tammy, who is doing her homework as she watches Anderson Cooper: 360
B) James, who is undergoing extensive treatment after his auto accident
C) Rachel, who has never had any health problems
D) Raul, who has little interest in public policy issues
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Q1) Explain how both informational conformity and normative conformity could contribute to eating disorders in women.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a social norm in mainstream U.S.culture?
A) bowing to your parents as a greeting
B) using your turn signal to indicate which direction you will be turning
C) reading a book
D) asking a homeless person for help finding an address
Q3) People are especially likely to conform due to informational social influence
A) when the task is intellectual or academic.
B) more in private than in public.
C) when the situation is a crisis.
D) the more flexible and yielding the other people are.
Q4) According to the authors of your text, the actions of Adolf Eichmann, the Nazi official responsible for transporting Jews to death camps, can best be described as
A) a madman in a mad world.
B) an ordinary man in an extraordinary circumstance.
C) a simple bureaucrat easily manipulated by false promises.
D) Hitler's "fall guy."
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Q1) Shelley was initially moderately in favor of a proposal to build a city bike path.At a meeting, she learns that not only will the path provide recreational opportunities and allow for some decrease in traffic, but that in towns with paths, the crime rate tends to go down and businesses along the path do better.She is now strongly in favor of the proposal.The theory that best explains her change of opinion is the ________ theory.
A) persuasive arguments
B) social comparison
C) culture-value
D) groupthink
Q2) The key to success in the "prisoner's dilemma" game is to
A) always be competitive.
B) withdraw when one's partner chooses a competitive response.
C) trust one's partner.
D) respond randomly.
Q3) The abuse of Iraqi prisoners by U.S.soldiers at Abu Ghraib best illustrates
A) the power of personality.
B) the strength of a powerful situation.
C) the role of prejudice in decision-making.
D) how attitudes lead to behavior.
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of arranged marriages in many Eastern cultures is most likely the reason for
A) unhappy people in unhappy marriages.
B) arranged dating when the two partners are very young.
C) lower divorce rates.
D) greater degrees of romantic love.
Q2) Rusbult's (1983) research on college-age dating couples showed that rewards played a role in determining satisfaction ________ and that costs played a role
A) only in the first few months; always
B) throughout the relationship; only in the first few months
C) only after the first few months; always
D) throughout the relationship; only after the first few months
Q3) Evolutionarily speaking, one reason that people prefer the familiar over that which is unfamiliar is that
A) unfamiliar things can be potentially dangerous.
B) familiar things are always good.
C) unfamiliar things require more cognitive effort to process.
D) familiar things tend to fall into our schemas and stereotypes.
Q4) Compare and contrast social exchange theory and operant conditioning.
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Q1) Underlying the urban overload hypothesis is the idea that people become overwhelmed in areas which
A) have few other people and provide minimal stimulation.
B) are densely populated.
C) are full of media images.
D) there is nothing to think about except themselves.
Q2) The concept of ________ refers to the idea that when no bystanders to a possible emergency appear to be concerned, other bystanders assume that nothing is wrong.
A) the bystander effect
B) diffusion of responsibility
C) pluralistic ignorance
D) evaluation apprehension
Q3) According to Milgram's (1970) ________ hypothesis, compared to rural dwellers, people in large cities are bombarded with stimulation and work to reduce it by keeping to themselves.
A) stimulus overload
B) diffusion of responsibility
C) evaluation apprehension
D) urban overload
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We Prevent It
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Q1) Why is empathy training a good antidote to aggression? Empathy makes it
A) harder to derogate our victims.
B) easier to think about the consequences of our actions.
C) easier to reduce cognitive dissonance.
D) harder to reduce cognitive dissonance.
Q2) Dehumanizing an enemy (e.g., referring to Germans as "Krauts" or Japanese as "Nips" or "Japs" during World War II or referring to Vietnamese as "gooks" during the Vietnam War) can contribute to further aggression and even wartime atrocities by A) increasing frustration.
B) reducing our ability to empathize.
C) increasing cognitive dissonance.
D) increasing inhibitions.
Q3) A steady diet of violent television fare can encourage aggression in children who are consequently ________ respond aggressively in real life.
A) primed to B) encouraged by their parents to C) frustrated and therefore motivated to D) rewarded when they
Q4) Explain the nature of the gender differences in aggression in humans.
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Q1) Prejudice may be maintained by ________ normative rules.
A) the rejection of
B) conformity to
C) the avoidance of
D) ignorance of
Q2) According to research presented in the chapter, people believe that female jobs require which of the following?
A) strength and smarts
B) intelligence and perseverance
C) height and resistance
D) kindness and nurturance
Q3) Researchers exposed participants to a twenty-minute audiotape of a college basketball game.Half of the participants were led to believe that one player, Mark Flick, was African American, and the other half were led to believe that Mark Flick was White.When participants were asked to rate Mark Flick's performance,
A) they rated the "White" Mark Flick as a uniformly better player.
B) white participants and black participants demonstrated a "same race" bias.
C) they rated the "African American" Mark Flick as more athletic.
D) they did not rate the "African American" and "White" Mark Flick differently.
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Sample Questions
Q1) The authors of your text report that the researchers have found that happy people tend to also
A) make more money at their job.
B) be more physically attractive than less happy people.
C) have good relationships with others.
D) be very goal-oriented people.
Q2) A team of researchers is asked to determine the effectiveness of a psychological intervention on the reduction of school violence.What is the best method the researchers could use to test whether the intervention worked?
A) Give a self-report survey to people who received the intervention.
B) Observe the schools that received the intervention.
C) Compare the level of violence at the schools before and after they received the intervention.
D) Design an experiment comparing schools that received the intervention and those that did not based on random assignment.
Q3) Assume that you are part of a student group trying to persuade others to recycle more.You plan to go door-to-door in residence halls and to use cognitive dissonance to change recycling behaviors.How would you do this, and why would your strategy work?
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Q1) From a social-psychological perspective, one problem with studies on the relation between the number of negative life events and reports of physical illness is that
A) objective situations have more influence than subjective situations.
B) researchers often ignore respondents' construals of objectively negative life events.
C) researchers often ignore positive life events as a source of stress.
D) stress is an inevitable consequence of social life.
Q2) Consider the information presented in your text on perceptions of control.Assuming that the research regarding nursing homes replicated with a college population, what three things could the director of housing do to help residents be healthier and happier by giving them a greater sense of control?
Q3) George's wife has just died from cancer.Based on what the authors of your text report about how people deal with such loss, what is George most likely to do in response to her death?
A) Sell her belongings the next day to rid his memory of her.
B) Grieve heavily for several months.
C) Become severely depressed.
D) Be distressed for a short time, and then bounce back.
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Q1) According to the authors of your text, there are many factors that make eyewitness testimony inaccurate.One way to make the justice system fairer might be to require ________, as is the case in other countries.
A) eyewitnesses to be cross-examined
B) multiple eyewitnesses
C) eyewitnesses to provide drawings of what they saw
D) jurors to take into consideration eyewitnesses' confidence
Q2) Own-race bias may occur because when people look at same-race faces, they focus on ________, whereas when they look at different-race faces, they focus on
A) the whole face all together; features one at a time
B) individual features; the whole face all together
C) features that distinguish individuals from each other; features that distinguish the races from each other
D) noses and mouths; eyes
Q3) You read a story in the news about a man who claims during therapy to have recovered previously repressed memories that he was molested by his teacher as a young boy.The teacher denies the allegations vehemently.Based on information from your text on the recovered memory debate, what should you conclude?
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