Humanities Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
The Humanities course offers an interdisciplinary exploration of human culture, creativity, and expression through the study of literature, philosophy, history, art, and music. Students will examine the development of ideas, beliefs, and values across different societies and time periods, fostering critical thinking and cultural awareness. Through analysis, discussion, and reflective writing, participants will gain insight into how the humanities shape individual and collective identities and address fundamental questions about the human experience.
Recommended Textbook
Art A Brief History 6th Edition by Marilyn Stokstad
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674 Verified Questions
674 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Prehistoric Art in Europe
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe Stonehenge and discuss the theories that have surfaced regarding its meaning.
Answer: Essay responses should include these points:
Stonehenge is created from large post-and-lintel stones in a series of henges.
The site went through eight different phases of construction and activity.
The site started as a cemetery of cremation burials.
The complex was erroneously associated with the rituals of Celtic druids.
Some have argued that it was an observatory to track cosmic events or a calendar for regulating agricultural schedules.
Stonehenge was the site of ceremonies linked to death and burial, and this complex can only be understood in relation to nearby prehistoric sites.
Q2) An elaborate tomb chamber with a corridor leading into it is a A)henge.
B)cairn.
C)corbel vault.
D)passage grave.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Art of the Ancient Near East
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Q1) Which two great rivers run through Mesopotamia?
A)the Euphrates and the Nile
B)the Indus and the Nile
C)the Nile and the Tigris
D)the Tigris and the Euphrates
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is the term for the traditional ways of representing forms?
A)homages
B)salutations
C)registers
D)conventions
Answer: D
Q3) A tall stepped structure in Mesopotamia with a shrine on the top is a A)pyramid.
B)temple.
C)ziggurat.
D)necropolis.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Art of Ancient Egypt
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Q1) What was unusual about Egypt during the reign of Akhenaten?
A)It was monotheistic.
B)Slavery was abolished.
C)Images of gods were outlawed.
D)It was ruled by the Hyksos.
Answer: A
Q2) Which term describes a massive gateway to a sanctuary,such as the Great Temple of Amun at Karnak?
A)clerestory
B)dolmen
C)capital
D)pylon
Answer: D
Q3) Which Third Dynasty king is buried at Saqqara?
A)Senusret III
B)Djoser
C)Ramses II
D)Hatshepsut
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Early Asian Art
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Q1) What is the literal meaning of Kofun?
A)cord patterns
B)old tombs
C)right balance
D)spirit harmony
Q2) Which of the following is a large stylized masklike face on Chinese vessels?
A)fang ding
B)haniwa
C)yaksha
D)taotie
Q3) Which of the following is an East Asian reliquary tower built with successively smaller,repeated stories?
A)mausoleum
B)mastaba
C)pagoda
D)torana
Q4) Explain the symbolism of the Eternal Shiva from the Cave-Temple at Elephanta.
Q5) How is the colossal Seated Buddha from Sanxi,China,different from its earlier Indian counterparts?
Page 6
Q6) Describe the architectural elements and symbolism of the Great Stupa at Sanchi.
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Chapter 5: Art of Ancient Greece and the Aegean World
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Q1) Which architectural order has fluted columns without bases and unadorned capitals?
A)Ionic
B)Corinthian
C)Tuscan
D)Doric
Q2) In architecture,what is a regulated decorative system called?
A)a stylobate
B)an order
C)a peristyle
D)a forum
Q3) Discuss the element of color and its relationship to Greek sculpture.Why is the consideration of color important?
Q4) Which event marked the beginning of the Classical period in Greece?
A)the end of the Persian Wars
B)the death of Alexander the Great
C)the Greek conquest of Egypt
D)the Roman conquest of Greece
Q5) How does the altar from Pergamon highlight the characteristics of Hellenistic art?
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Chapter 6: Etruscan and Roman Art
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Q1) When discussing temple architecture,the word podium is used to refer to
A)a raised platform on which a small temple is built.
B)an altar within the early Etruscan temples.
C)the Vitruvian convention of repetitious arcades.
D)the use of engaged columns to support temple construction.
Q2) In 313 CE,Constantine
A)moved the capital to Byzantium.
B)destroyed Jerusalem.
C)legalized Christianity and all religion.
D)was assassinated.
Q3) A round arch consists of which of the following?
A)voussoirs and buttresses
B)voussoirs and keystones
C)keystones and voussoirs
D)keystones and arcades
Q4) What purpose does the apse serve in a basilica?
A)rounded extensions at each end used for judges or statuary
B)the central aisle for civic procedures
C)the front entrance
D)an upper level of windows,providing natural light
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Jewish, early Christian, and Byzantine Art
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Q1) The focal point of an Early Christian church with its altar is the A)apse.
B)clerestory.
C)nave.
D)narthex.
Q2) Later Byzantine architecture became more A)organic. B)simple.
C)unadorned.
D)complex.
Q3) St.Peter's in Rome was given its location because it was believed to be where Peter was A)killed. B)buried.
C)ordained as pope. D)born.
Q4) Discuss Andrey Rublyov's art and style as an example of Byzantine art.What are its characteristics? How does it relate to the naturalism and idealization of the ancient Greeks?
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Chapter 8: Islamic Art
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Q1) What is the name for a tower from which the call to prayer is made?
A)mihrab
B)iwan
C)minaret
D)qibla
Q2) Relate the Islamic idea of paradise to the Alhambra's Court of the Lions.
Q3) Who are Muhammad,Abu Bakr,and Ali,and what was their role in the Islamic faith?
Q4) What is a place of worship where Muslims gather on Fridays?
A)madrasa
B)qibla
C)iwan
D)mosque
Q5) Which was the specialized art form developed by the Ottomans to symbolize the authority of the sultan on official seals,coins,buildings,and documents?
A)arabesques
B)tugras
C)muqarnas
D)madrasas
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Chapter 9: Later Asian Art
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Q1) Which of the following features of the Taj Mahal represents the Islamic notion of paradise?
A)the mosque
B)the tomb
C)the rest house
D)the garden
Q2) What makes Chinese landscape painting fundamentally different from Western landscape painting? Explain why a viewer might be able to "wander" through a Song painting more easily than a Western painting.
Q3) Which philosophy is evident in Monk Sewing,attributed to Kao Ninga?
A)Zen Buddhism
B)Pure Land Buddhism
C)Shinto
D)Daoism
Q4) Which is the most important surviving example of traditional Chinese architecture?
A)the Forbidden City
B)Byodo-in
C)Angkor Wat
D)Kandariya Mahadeva temple
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Chapter 10: Early Medieval and Romanesque Art
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Q1) What is the subject of a "Throne of Wisdom" statue?
A)Solomon on his throne
B)Christ sitting in judgment of the world
C)the Virgin Mary holding the Christ child on her lap
D)the emperor and empress enthroned
Q2) Describe the style and characteristics of the page with Matthew the Evangelist from the Ebbo Gospels.
Q3) In church architecture,which is the monumental entrance found on Carolingian,Ottonian,and later churches?
A)transept
B)tribune
C)westwork
D)gallery
Q4) Which is the semicircular area above the door lintel of a church?
A)archivolt
B)trumeau
C)jamb
D)tympanum
Q5) Discuss the style and iconographic meaning of the page with Christ Washing the Feet of His Disciples.
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Chapter 11: Gothic Art
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Q1) At Reims Cathedral,what technique permitted the creation of even more expansive walls of glass?
A)bar tracery
B)stone tracery
C)plate tracery
D)gold tracery
Q2) In architecture,what are the vertical sculptural elements on both sides of an opening called?
A)mullions
B)archivolts
C)jambs
D)compound piers
Q3) Contrast the two Virgin and Child Enthroned paintings by Cimabue and Giotto.What are their similarities and differences? Which artist was more important to the future of painting,and why?
Q4) Discuss the composition,movement,and technique of Nicola Pisano's baptistery pulpit relief sculpture,Annunciation,Nativity,and Adoration of the Shepherds.
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Chapter 12: Early Renaissance Art
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Q1) What makes Rogier van der Weyden's Deposition of special importance?
A)It is his only known work.
B)It is the first oil painting.
C)It establishes the characteristics of his work.
D)It was sent to Italy and spread the Flemish style there.
Q2) Who began the long tradition of illusionistic ceiling painting?
A)Sandro Botticelli
B)Andrea Mantegna
C)Giovanni Bellini
D)Piero della Francesca
Q3) Which of the following is an advantage of using oil paint versus tempera?
A)It did not create unique texture.
B)It created an opaque surface.
C)It takes a longer time to dry.
D)It does not penetrate to lower layers.
Q4) Which is the first free-standing bronze equestrian statue since antiquity?
A)Riemenschneider's Entry of Christ into Jerusalem
B)Gislebertus's Flight into Egypt
C)Donatello's Gattamelata
D)Verocchio's Bartolomeo Colleoni
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Art of the High Renaissance and Reformation
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Q1) When Leonardo da Vinci worked for the court of the Duke of Milan,which of the following interests occupied much of his time?
A)military and civil engineer
B)painter
C)sculptor
D)musician
Q2) Which artist depicted Jesus with a broad-brimmed hat and a shovel?
A)Veronese
B)Tintoretto
C)Grünewald
D)Fontana
Q3) What is the word for strong contrasts of light and dark on an object?
A)sfumato
B)chiaroscuro
C)trompe l'oeil
D)poesie
Q4) Describe the setting of Giorgione's The Tempest,and explain why it was an important painting from the Venetian Renaissance.
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Chapter 14: Seventeenth-Century Art in Europe
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Q1) Which of the following processes typically makes the fewest prints?
A)etching
B)drypoint
C)engraving
D)mezzotint
Q2) In which category of painting did Anthony van Dyke specialize?
A)portraiture
B)landscapes
C)history and mythology
D)religious art
Q3) Why was Caravaggio's work sometimes rejected?
A)It was too brutally naturalistic.
B)It was too idealized.
C)His patrons wanted larger work.
D)His patrons wanted greater realism.
Q4) What caused repeated rebellions in the early seventeenth century in Spain?
A)the economic decline of agriculture and trade
B)religious disagreements
C)failing monarchy
D)excess spending by the ruling class
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Art of the Americas
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which culture quarried huge basalt blocks for large sculptures?
A)Aztec
B)Olmec
C)Maya
D)Inca
Q2) Describe the iconography of The Founding of Tenochtitlan page from the Codex Mendoza.
Q3) Which of the following best describes Mesoamerican society?
A)a sharply divided class structure
B)egalitarian
C)communist
D)democratic
Q4) How did the Inca finance their 23,000 miles of roads and 1,000 storehouses and lodgings that they built for transportation and communication?
A)with their gold mines
B)with labor taxation
C)with slavery
D)road-use fees
Q5) How was the Chilkat Blanket used? Discuss the formal qualities and style.
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Chapter 16: African Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) How was the pendant representing an iyoba displayed?
A)on the king's crown
B)in the doorway of a shrine
C)as the king's belt or hip ornament
D)on the neck of the king's panther
Q2) Where did Europeans have the most contact with African cultures?
A)the coastal areas
B)the Mediterranean sea
C)the Cape of Good Hope
D)the Nile River
Q3) How does a hierarchy of materials or subject differ in African cultures compared to Western cultures? How do African cultures differ from Western cultures in their assessment of "fine art" as opposed to "craft"?
Q4) What was the function of the Nkisi Nkonde?
A)It protected the home from malicious gods.
B)It accompanied the owner on treacherous journeys.
C)It was carried into the fields for luck.
D)It acted as an impartial arbiter of justice.
Q5) Explain the myth of "primitive" art and how it applies to African art.
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Chapter 17: European and American Art, 1715-1840
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Q1) Discuss why David's Oath of the Horatii is considered to be a severely Classical painting by a truly Neoclassical artist.
Q2) Which best describes the attitude of John Henry Fuseli?
A)He portrayed humanity as rational and good.
B)He glorified the irrational side of human nature.
C)He showed that humanity is violent,greedy and foolish.
D)He portrayed that strong leadership is needed to control the people.
Q3) Which Baroque element did David include in his Napoleon Crossing the Saint-Bernard?
A)the loose,fluid brushwork
B)the emphasis on color over line
C)the sweeping diagonals
D)evocation of intense emotion
Q4) What medium did Honoré Daumier use to create biting caricatures and social commentary in print form?
A)woodblock
B)lithography
C)sculpture
D)painting
Q5) Describe the composition and style of Jean-Honoré Fragonard's The Swing.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: European and American Art, 1840-1910
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Q1) The Eiffel Tower was constructed for
A)the anniversary of the French Revolution.
B)the French bicentennial.
C)the Universal Exposition.
D)the World's Fair.
Q2) Who began his career as an artist for the press during the Civil War?
A)Winslow Homer
B)Thomas Eakins
C)Henry O.Tanner
D)Mary Cassatt
Q3) Which photographic process involved developing a negative from which an unlimited number of positives could be made?
A)daguerreotype
B)calotype
C)lithograph
D)albumen print
Q4) Describe the style and composition of The Banjo Lesson by Henry O.Tanner.How does the artist use and challenge the characteristics of Realism?
Q5) What was japonisme and how did it influence Western art? Give an example.
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Chapter
1900-1945
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Q1) Who "discovered" Georgia O'Keeffe?
A)Marsden Hartley
B)Robert Henri
C)Alfred Stieglitz
D)Kenyon Cox
Q2) Which group would be most likely to use dream analysis,free association,automatic writing,word games,and hypnotic trances?
A)Dada
B)Futurism
C)De Stijl
D)Surrealism
Q3) Mondrian thought that the beauty we see in nature is A)sensual and subjective.
B)rational and universal.
C)ideal or perfect.
D)picturesque or sublime.
Q4) What characterizes de Stijl and how do Composition with Yellow,Red,and Blue and Schroder House embody the movement?
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Art Since 1945
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Q1) The Seagram Building in New York is one of the finest examples of which style of architecture?
A)Postmodernism
B)Historicism
C)International Style
D)Beaux-Arts
Q2) By design,the walls of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial are pointing toward
A)the White House and the Capitol.
B)the National Academy of Sciences and the National Gallery.
C)the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument.
D)the State Department and the Justice Department.
Q3) Discuss the controversies over public funding of the arts.Use Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary as an example.
Q4) Which of the following determined that China painting and needlework are traditional women's media but should be considered "high" art forms?
A)Judy Chicago
B)Betye Saar
C)Faith Ringgold
D)Cindy Sherman
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Chapter 21: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) A painting that portrays inanimate objects is called a A)canon.
B)lithograph.
C)still life.
D)trompe l'oeil.
Q2) Discuss the modes of representation.Give one example for each mode.
Q3) What does the erection of Le Corbusier's Notre-Dame-du-Haut symbolize?
A)the end of a war and hope for the future
B)the power of nature
C)the prevailing religion
D)the kingdom of heaven
Q4) Who wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Italian Architects,Painters,and Sculptors,the main publication from which art historians trace the beginnings of the discipline?
A)Giorgio Vasari
B)Pliny the Elder
C)Johann Joachim Winckelmann
D)Parrhasios
Q5) Describe how the role of the artist has changed from ancient times to the present.
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