Human Development across the Lifespan Test Bank
Course Introduction
This course explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of individuals from conception through late adulthood. Emphasizing major theoretical perspectives and current research findings, students will examine the biological and environmental factors that influence developmental changes across different life stages. Topics include prenatal development, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, aging, and the impact of culture, family, and society on developmental trajectories. Through case studies and practical applications, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and diversity of human growth across the lifespan.
Recommended Textbook
Lifespan Development 5th Canadian Edition by Denise Boyd
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19 Chapters
1981 Verified Questions
1981 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts and Methods
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following developmental outcomes would be most consistent with the vulnerability/resilience interactionist model of development?
A) Positive developmental outcome is possible only for children with few vulnerabilities and many protective factors.
B) Very low IQ scores are most common among children who were born with a very low birth weight and who are reared in highly stressed, uninvolved families.
C) Normal birth weight infants born into upper socioeconomic status families invariably have superior levels of intelligence.
D) Children born into caring, facilitative families have sufficient protective factors to overcome or offset any vulnerabilities that might potentially affect their development.
Answer: B
Q2) Darwin's baby biographies were the first scientific studies of child development.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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3
Chapter 2: Theories of Development
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression by A) altering the DNA structure and function of certain genes
B) signalling certain genes to be activated or "turned on"
C) signalling certain genes to be either dominant or recessive
D) signalling certain genes to be either active or inactive
Answer: D
Q2) The gradual elimination of a behaviour through repeated non-reinforcement is called extinction.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The instinctual drive for physical pleasure present at birth and forming the motivating force behind all human behaviour is the A) libido.
B) id.
C) ego.
D) superego.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What characterizes the transition period of labour?
A) pain
B) release of the mucus plug and dilation of the cervix
C) passage through the birth canal
D) lethargy
Answer: A
Q2) Newborns appear to remember stimuli that they were exposed to prenatally.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) A zygote that has two X-chromosomes will develop into
A) a boy.
B) a girl.
C) a gamete.
D) twins.
Answer: B
Q4) Midwife practice requires a degree from a recognized institution in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Physical, Sensory, and Perceptual Development in Infancy
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96 Verified Questions
96 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Around the world, the leading cause of death of children under the age of five is
A) iron-deficiency anemia.
B) macronutrient malnutrition.
C) kwashiorkor.
D) marasmus.
Q2) Researchers from Canada have found that supplying vitamin A to young children living in at-risk countries decreases the mortality rates of those children.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which statement about breast-feeding is correct?
A) It is not nutritionally superior to bottle-feeding.
B) It promotes rapid weight and size gain.
C) It cannot transmit viruses.
D) It contributes to diarrhea, gastroenteritis, bronchitis, ear infections, and colic.
Q4) The cortex is the least developed part of the brain at birth.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cooing is the repetitive vocalizing of consonant-vowel combinations by an infant.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Current research methods use _________ to study object permanence in infants.
A) brain imaging
B) motor skill development
C) computer simulations
D) visual response tracking
Q3) The understanding that objects continue to exist when they can't be seen is known as "deferred imitation."
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Piaget's theory, means-end behaviour is carried out in the pursuit of a specific goal.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Infants as young as 2 months old are capable of imitating observed behaviour.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mary Ainsworth's attachment assessment procedure, the Strange Situation, consisted of
A) adults wearing masks with a variety of common emotional expressions in order to assess infants' social referencing skills.
B) assessing children's reactions while gradually introducing them into daycare settings through progressively longer visits.
C) a series of episodes involving various combinations of an infant, the infant's mother, and a stranger together in a room.
D) evaluations of infants reared solely by one parent.
Q2) Changes to the Federal Employment Insurance Act in 2000 have extended the length of benefit payments for parental leave, which has encouraged more parents to stay at home for the first year of their child's life.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Infants' differences in temperament originate in differential social experiences.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Approximately 66% of children score ________ on current IQ tests.
A) below 70
B) a mental age equal to their chronological age
C) between 85 and 118
D) over 125
Q2) Which of the following is accurate information regarding nutrition during the early childhood years?
A) Young children eat two thirds as much as adults.
B) The eating habits of early childhood are linked with weight problems later in life as metabolic rates can vary.
C) If a child seems to have no appetite, it is important to tempt the child to eat by providing sweets or other preferred food.
D) Many children don't consume the majority of their daily calories by eating regular meals.
Q3) A child's development of a theory of mind is influenced by the child's ability to pretend.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the four dimensions of parent-child interactions, the dimension that uses sarcasm, insults, and mixes anger with punishment is called
A) punitive/aversive.
B) hostile/ineffective.
C) positive.
D) consistent.
Q2) Researchers have found that children begin to respond differently to violations of social conventions and moral rules between the ages of __________________.
A) 2 and 3
B) 6 and 7
C) 1 and 2
D) 4 and 5
Q3) The high percentage of positive outcomes for Asian children parented by the authoritarian parenting style is proof that authoritarian parenting is the most effective style.
A)True
B)False
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inductive reasoning is a type of reasoning in which subordinate classes are included in larger, superordinate classes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which factor is thought to raise obesity rates in children age 5-17 to 35% from 24%?
A) genetics
B) playing video games
C) parental misperceptions in noticing and identifying obesity in their children
D) socioeconomic status
Q3) According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, the ability to be sensitive to the behaviour, moods, and needs of others is an example of the ________ type of intelligence.
A) naturalist
B) intrapersonal
C) bodily kinesthetic
D) interpersonal
Q4) All children with ADHD have significant difficulties paying attention to tasks.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Self-esteem is influenced by the
A) discrepancy between who a child feels she ought to be and who she thinks she is.
B) sum total of the assessments the child makes about her skills.
C) addition of all of the positive assessments minus the negative ones.
D) relationship between the child's physical abilities and the cultural expectations of her.
Q2) Scores on achievement tests correlate negatively with the amount of time children spend watching TV.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sue was 14 years old when her sister Amanda was born. Both their parents worked outside the home, and Sue was routinely involved in feeding, bathing, and entertaining her baby sister. Sue was Amanda's regular Saturday morning babysitter, and Amanda even accompanied Sue on dates. What type of sibling relationship is described in this scenario?
A) casual
B) co-parental
C) caregiver
D) buddy
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following, which would be the least effective strategy for parents who want to prevent children from smoking?
A) provide a parental model for non-smoking
B) punish teens who are found to be smoking
C) establish family rules against substance use
D) discuss beliefs about the morality of smoking
Q2) The average age for first time drug use is 13 to 14 years old.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A universal ingredient in the suicides of adolescents is
A) a preference for music with violent themes.
B) a knowledge of suicide committed by a friend or peer.
C) a history of abuse or abandonment.
D) some form of significant psychopathology, such as depression.
Q4) Among teenagers, sensation-seeking behaviours are associated with A) recklessness.
B) increased volume of music, television, video games, etc.
C) reduced need for sleep.
D) emotional arguments with parents and friends.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Social and Personality Development in Adolescence
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During early adolescence, cliques are typically small cross-sex groups who label themselves by identity prototypes such as "jocks," "populars," or "loners."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Since 17-year-old Ahmed has lived in Canada for 12 years, he is likely to have adopted similar patterns of lifestyle behaviour as his Canadian-born friends.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Research demonstrates that a(n) ________ gender-role identity is associated with higher self-esteem among boys and girls in North America.
A) masculine
B) androgynous or masculine
C) androgynous
D) undifferentiated
Q4) One's level of moral reasoning is strongly predictive of moral behaviours or actions.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the context for most of the sexual violence in Canada?
A) social or romantic relationships
B) stalking of the victim by an unknown person
C) an unpremeditated attack by a stranger
D) marital rape
Q2) An irrational fear of an object, person, place, or situation is called a personality disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Prosperous nations with high levels of social inequality, such as the United States, experience poorer overall health than less prosperous nations that have a more egalitarian society, such as Japan.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The positive benefits of social support are determined by the number of actual social and emotional contacts an individual has with the members of her social support network.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Social and Personality Development in Early
Adulthood
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Salman is the "strong silent type" who prefers work that does not require him to interact with other people. He is very skilled with hand and power tools and enjoys his job as a furniture craftsman. According to Holland, what is Salman's personality type?
A) conventional
B) enterprising
C) realistic
D) artistic
Q2) Assortative mating, or homogamy, is the theory that opposites attract.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the weeks after giving birth, some women experience feelings of sadness that characterize the mood disturbance known as A) agoraphobia.
B) postpartum depression.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) major depressive disorder.
Q4) The best predictor of postpartum depression is having a premature delivery. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research demonstrates that many individuals in the field of science produce their best work around the age of 40, not because the mind works better at that age, but because productivity is at its highest.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following best explains why a woman younger than 40 years of age has ceased to have monthly menstrual cycles?
A) family history
B) premature menopause
C) reproductive diseases
D) perimenopause
Q3) In early adulthood, the gender difference in disease rate can be largely attributed to health problems associated with child-bearing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The volume of cerebrospinal fluid tends to increase throughout the lifespan.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Social and Personality Development in Middle
Adulthood
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the categories developed by behavioural scientists, the most common grandparent relationship is the involved grandparent.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Adults who provide a high level of assistance to the daily needs of a parent who is disabled, frail, or demented tend to have lower marital satisfaction.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Devon has a very close relationship with his grandparents; they helped raise him and continue to play an active role in his life. This is referred to as a(n)
A) remote relationship.
B) companionate relationship.
C) involved relationship.
D) involuntary relationship.
Q4) The Baby Boomers are projected to be the healthiest, best educated, and longest living retirees in history.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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106 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Canada, the most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Researchers believe that all of the following can have a positive influence on the cognitive functioning of older adults EXCEPT
A) a low-fat, high-fibre diet.
B) complex mental activities, such as playing bridge.
C) use of estrogen supplements by elderly women.
D) an engaged and intellectually active lifestyle.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a typical hearing difficulty experienced by older adults?
A) irregular amplification of deep or bass-like sounds
B) tinnitus
C) difficulties in word discrimination
D) loss of ability to hear high-frequency sounds
Q4) A persistent ringing in the ears is called
A) auditory loss.
B) tinnitus.
C) perception loss.
D) presbycusis.
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Chapter 18: Social and Personality Development in Late
Adulthood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Health Canada, 70% of Canada's seniors live
A) in urban areas.
B) in warmer climates like Florida or Arizona.
C) in rural areas.
D) in poverty.
Q2) When you contact a retired neighbour to ask if she is interested in participating in a charity fund-raiser, she tells you that she is no longer interested in activities such as this and she is content to do as little as possible since she retired. Your neighbour's perspective is most consistent with which of the following views on aging?
A) disengagement
B) adaptation
C) continuity
D) compensation
Q3) Canadian seniors have several potential sources of income in retirement.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Older adults typically are most often abused by their children.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Death, Dying, and Bereavement
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94 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hospice care emphasizes palliative care rather than curative efforts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following are Kübler-Ross's stages of dying?
A) anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
B) bargaining, denial, acceptance, depression, anger
C) denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
D) denial, fighting spirit, stoic acceptance, depression, acceptance
Q3) Mr. O'Handley has been told that he has a fatal form of cancer and that he has approximately a month to live. He insists that there has been a mistake and that "the incompetent idiots" at the laboratory have confused his test results with someone else's. According to Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, Mr. O'Handley is most likely in the ________ stage of dying.
A) rejection
B) anger
C) denial
D) ego dissonance
Q4) Support groups are one of the most effective strategies for dealing with grief.
A)True
B)False
Page 21
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