Human Behavior
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Course Introduction
This course explores the fundamental principles and theories underlying human behavior, examining the biological, psychological, and social factors that shape the actions and interactions of individuals and groups. Topics include motivation, emotion, learning, development, personality, social influence, and cultural effects on behavior. By analyzing classic and contemporary research, students gain an understanding of why people think, feel, and act the way they do in various contexts, laying a foundation for further study in psychology, sociology, and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
The Person An Introduction to the Science of Personality Psychology 5th Edition by Dan P. McAdams
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12 Chapters
486 Verified Questions
486 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Studying the Person
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One criterion of a good theory is that it be generative. This means that the theory should
A) Support the status quo
B) Be consistent with empirical observations
C) Lead to new research and theorizing
D) Account for the greatest number of phenomena with the fewest explanatory concepts
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is not a main concern of personality psychology?
A) Species-typical characteristics
B) A person's uniqueness
C) Individual differences
D) Psychotherapy
Answer: D
Q3) The primary goal of science is
A) Personal growth
B) Understanding
C) Quantification
D) Technological advance
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Evolution and Human Nature
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Human beings share all of the following features of morality with their nearest primate neighbors except
A) Special treatment of the disabled
B) Concepts of giving, trading, and revenge
C) Peacemaking and avoidance of conflicts
D) Tender feelings for members of other species
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following statements about mother-infant attachment is true?
A) The first few hours after birth are a critical period in the development of attachment
B) The central component of the attachment system is sucking
C) By the end of the first year of life an infant may be attached to many different people-as many as 20-30
D) Attachment appears to follow the same developmental course in all human societies
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Social Learning and Culture
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Internal locus of control has been positively associated with all of the following except
A) Less compliance and conformity
B) Higher levels of extraversion and conscientiousness
C) Greater perceived competence
D) Lessened susceptibility to hypertension and heart attack
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following statements is not true about individualistic cultures?
A) Personal goals take precedent over group goals
B) Social life tends to resemble a marketplace in which people exchange material and emotional resources
C) The individual self is encouraged to be an autonomous and agent
D) People tend to downplay the importance of love and friendship
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following is not true of operant conditioning?
A) It involves punishment and rewards for behavior
B) Behavior is modified by its consequences
C) Behavior is elicited by stimuli
D) Reinforcement increases the frequency of responding
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Personality Traits: Fundamental Concepts and Issues
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Gough's taxonomy of folk concepts and vectors on the CPI, which of the following life styles would be characterized as highly interpersonally oriented and highly norm-accepting?
A) Alphas
B) Betas
C) Gammas
D) Deltas
Q2) The method of choice in trait assessment is
A) Interviews
B) Self-report questionnaires
C) Projective tests
D) Behavioral observation
Q3) A pupil of Aristotle in ancient Greece, Theophrastus, provided an early trait taxonomy that
A) Relied on mathematical models to delineate the basic traits in human life
B) Provided humorous character sketches of people with particular traits
C) Connected basic traits to fluids in the body
D) Derived many variations in personality from one basic ideal type
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Chapter 5: Five Basic Traits in the Brain and in Behavior
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eysenck links individual differences in extraversion/introversion to the functioning of the
A) Limbic system
B) Reticular activating system
C) Thalamus
D) Cerebral cortex
Q2) Dopamine is strongly associated with which of the following?
A) Feeling positive rewards
B) Wanting to feel positive rewards
C) Feeling frustrated when positive rewards are not experienced
D) All of the above
Q3) Which of the following Big Five traits captures best the idea of social dominance?
A) Agreeableness
B) Openness to Experience
C) Conscientiousness
D) Extraversion
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Chapter
Environments, and Time
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, which of the following results was obtained? .
A) MZ twins raised apart showed significantly higher concordance agreement) on traits than MZ twins raised together
B) MZ twins raised apart showed significantly lower concordance on traits than MZ twins raised together
C) MZ twins raised apart showed approximately similar concordance on traits than MZ twins raised together
D) MZ twins raised apart showed approximately similar concordance on traits than DZ twins raised together
Q2) Unique patterns of genetic combinations that affect behavioral tendencies in a nonlinear manner are an example of
A) Temperament
B) Emergenisis
C) Evocative genotype influences
D) Nonshared environment effects
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Chapter 7: Motives and Goals: What Do We Want in Life
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research by McClelland, individuals who are most vulnerable to illness have all of the following characteristics except
A) Low self-control
B) High power motivation
C) High power stress
D) Low intimacy motivation
Q2) When people high in power motivation experience defeat in competitive situations, they tend to
A) Experience a strong increase in cortisol and other stress hormones
B) Experience increases in testosterone level
C) Show a sharp decrease in oxytocin and other hormones associated with affiliation
D) Show a resilient physiological profile that enables them to rebound and seek out opportunities for dominance
Q3) How might McClelland assess a society's overall level of achievement motivation?
A) Self-report surveys from a national sample
B) Scoring PSEs from a random national sample of adults
C) Assessing achievement themes in current events
D) Scoring a society's expressive literature
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Chapter 8: Self and Other: Social-Cognitive Aspects of Personality
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Higgins's research on self-discrepancy, discrepancies between the actual and ideal selves lead to the experience of
A) Fear, anxiety, guilt
B) Sadness, shame, disappointment
C) Excitement, interest, focusing
D) Anger, aggression, denial
Q2) According to Kelly, when a person is confronted with events that lie outside the range of convenience of his or her construct system, he or she may experience
A) Guilt
B) Anxiety
C) Sadness
D) Excitement
Q3) Why do politically moderate-to-liberal politicians show more differentiation and integration in their political rhetoric, according to Tetlock's work on integrative complexity?
A) Because they are committed to the value of freedom
B) Because they are committed to the value of equality
C) Because they are committed to both freedom and equality
D) Because they are not committed to either value
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Chapter 9: Developmental Stages and Tasks
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to object relations theorists like Margaret Mahler, the fundamental drive or motive of human behavior and experience is a drive toward
A) Sexual expression
B) Aggressive destruction
C) Overcoming inferiority
D) Interpersonal relatedness
Q2) Josselson's longitudinal studies of women suggest that those who as college students ignored the challenges of identity formation tended in midlife to
A) Have a large number of regrets
B) Develop strong convictions about life
C) Have delayed identity crises
D) Express higher levels of warmth and care for others
Q3) In Loevinger's theory of development, the ego of late childhood and early adolescence may best be described as
A) Conformist
B) Impulsive
C) Conscientious
D) Interindividual
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11
Chapter 10: Life Scripts, Life Stories
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adults who construct life stories containing a large number of redemption sequences in which bad events are transformed into good outcomes) tend to show all of the following characteristics except
A) High generativity
B) High ego development
C) High levels of self-esteem
D) High levels of life coherence
Q2) Each of the primary emotions in Tomkins's script theory system is linked to all of the following except
A) Characteristic facial expressions
B) Characteristic subjective experience feeling)
C) Particular adaptive significance
D) Particular cognitive representation
Q3) In a commitment script,
A) An original good scene turns bad
B) An original bad scene turns good
C) An original good scene continues to recruit positive affect
D) An original bad scene continues to recruit negative affect
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Chapter 11: Interpreting Peoples Stories: From Freud to Today
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46 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some writers on the postmodern self suggest that it is futile to try to compose a coherent identity in today's world. Do the students agree?
Q2) Some feminist approaches to life narrative argue that examining women's lives requires different strategies and approaches than those that might be used to understand the lives of men. Do the students agree?
Q3) When Hermans describes multiple voices and "I" positions in the dialogical self, he almost seems to be suggesting that people have multiple personalities. What do the students think? Do people feel that Hermans's conception makes sense in terms of their own inner lives?
Q4) In Hermans' theory, S-motives refer to
A) Support from others
B) Self-actualization
C) Agency
D) Libidinal urges
Q5) All of the following are true of Jungian archetypes except that they
A) Are universal patterns or forms
B) Remain repressed because they are too threatening
C) Are linked to natural events and transitions in the human life cycle
D) Set instinctual limits on human behavior and experience
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Chapter 12: Writing Stories of Lives: Biography and the Life Course
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Frenkel's landmark study of the life histories of European men and women in the 1920s and 30s, the investigator focused on all of the following dimensions of human lives except
A) Significant external events such as wars)
B) Internal reactions to social changes
C) Specific accomplishments
D) Conflicts with parents
Q2) What aspect or emphasis in the "life-course" perspective suggests that personality psychology-the study of human individually-should play a central role in understanding human development?
A) Social timing
B) The role of chance events in development
C) Human agency
D) Social roles
Q3) According to Jacques, the creative artist before midlife shows which of the following forms of creativity?
A) "Hot-from-the-fire<sup>"</sup>
B) Sculpted and philosophical
C) "The golden mean"
D) Uneven and unfinished
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