Human Behavior and Personality Practice Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the fundamental theories and contemporary research regarding human behavior and personality. It examines the biological, psychological, and social factors that influence individual differences, personality development, and behavioral patterns across the lifespan. Students will analyze major personality theories, including psychoanalytic, trait, humanistic, and social-cognitive approaches, while considering the impact of culture, environment, and life experiences. The course also encourages critical reflection on how personality assessments and an understanding of human behavior can be applied within various real-world contexts, such as counseling, organizational settings, and everyday interactions.
Recommended Textbook
Personality Theory and Research 12th Edition by Daniel Cervone
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15 Chapters
1423 Verified Questions
1423 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Goals, drives, and motives have been particularly central to _____ aspect of personality theories.
A) structure
B) process
C) developmental
D) all of the above
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is not a criterion for the evaluation of a theory of personality?
A) creativity.
B) simplicity.
C) research relevance.
D) comprehensiveness.
Answer: A
Q3) Internal states of tension that activate action are called A) traits.
B) goals.
C) drives.
D) beliefs.
Answer: C
Page 3
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Chapter 2: The Scientific Study of People
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Findings of the 'nun study', discussed in the text, indicate that the experience of high levels of positive emotions is associated with higher
A) levels of heart disease.
B) proneness to injury.
C) longevity.
D) depression
Answer: C
Q2) The case of "Clever Hans" is
A) an account of the life and times of a pick-pocket from the Bronx.
B) an example of demand characteristics.
C) an example of response style.
D) an example of an experimenter bias.
Answer: D
Q3) A limitation of case studies is that they
A) provide little information about how an individual is similar to others in the population.
B) may not yield findings that are representative of the population.
C) provide little information about cause-effect relationships.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: A Psychodynamic Theory: Freuds
Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The development of the superego is often associated with the end of which stage of psychosexual development?
A) genital.
B) phallic.
C) oral.
D) anal.
Answer: B
Q2) Research on the later effects of early experiences shows evidence of A) continuities and discontinuities.
B) early experience being fundamental.
C) early experience being unimportant.
D) the effects of single, dramatic experiences.
Answer: A
Q3) "Not looking" is expressive of the mechanism of defense called A) projection.
B) denial.
C) repression.
D) blind-sight.
Answer: B
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Freuds Psychodynamic Theory: Applications,
Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freud felt that in the case of "Little Hans," the phobia he developed of horses was mostly determined by
A) unsatisfactory progress through the oral stage of development.
B) conflicts associated with the Oedipal situation.
C) partial fixation at the genital stage of development.
D) none of the above.
Q2) A distinctive aspect of the psychoanalytic view of psychosomatic disorders is that A) specific disorders are linked to specific emotional conflicts.
B) specific disorders are linked to specific environmental stressors.
C) specific disorders are linked to feelings of helplessness.
D) disorders are unrelated to specific conflicts.
Q3) Which of the following is not found to be a characteristic of narcissistic individuals? A) simple self concept.
B) aggrandizing self-attribution.
C) self-enhancement bias.
D) all are characteristic.
Q4) Discuss Freud's view of how psychoanalysis leads to positive personality change.
Q5) Discuss Freud's theory of psychopathology.
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Chapter 5: A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers
Person-Centered Theory of Personality
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Rogers, an organism may react to threatening stimuli with A) denial.
B) projection.
C) neither (a) nor (b).
D) both (a) and (b).
Q2) Which of the following statements does not accurately reflect an aspect of Rogers' theory of personality?
A) A person's phenomenological field is made up of both conscious and unconscious perceptions.
B) The most important determinants of behavior are those which are unconscious.
C) A person's phenomenological field is made up of both symbolized and unsymbolized perceptions.
D) The most important determinants of behavior are those which are symbolized.
Q3) Which of the following was not employed by phenomenologists?
A) Q-sort.
B) semantic differential.
C) adjective checklist.
D) MMPI.
Q4) Discuss Rogers' views of the self, self processes, and their measurement.
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Q5) Compare the views of Freud and Rogers on the nature of the person and science.
Chapter 6: A Phenomenological Theory - Applications and Evaluation of Rogers Theory
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rogers believed that the therapist should recognize and respond to the client's dependence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Rogers, genuine therapists can be themselves in the therapeutic situation regardless of what is occurring.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Improvement in client-centered therapy has been found to be associated with A) stronger defenses.
B) healthier reflected appraisals.
C) lower self-ideal discrepancies.
D) all of the above.
Q4) Many of Rogers' defensive processes are similar to those of Freud.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Maslow emphasized a hierarchy of needs with self-actualization as the final goal. A)True B)False
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Chapter 7: Trait Approaches to Personality - Allport,
Eyesneck and Cattell
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Allport emphasized psychopathology.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Relative to Eysenck, Allport emphasized the healthy, striving components of human functioning.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Allport's emphasis on the individual is seen in his support for A) psychoanalysis.
B) idiographic research.
C) nomothetic research.
D) statistical prediction.
Q4) Research on the genetic contribution to traits is most apparent in the work of A) Allport and Cattell.
B) Eysenck and Cattell.
C) Allport and Eysenck.
D) Allport, Eysenck, and Cattell.
Q5) Cattell emphasizes three sources of data. Discuss these three sources in relation to the approaches to research discussed in Chapter 2.
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Chapter 8: Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A problem with the trait concept is that
A) there is little evidence of constitutional differences in people.
B) it presents too static a picture.
C) it cannot be applied to individuals.
D) all of the above.
Q2) McCrae and Costa suggest that
A) progressions of personality development depend on culture.
B) progressions of personality development depend on historical context.
C) progressions of personality development are fixed in order and time.
D) none of the above.
Q3) Since all studies find the identical five factors, we can assume the basic units of personality have been discovered.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is not a likely contribution to trait stability?
A) genes.
B) people select their environments.
C) others respond in stable ways.
D) all of these contribute to stability.
10
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Chapter 9: Biological Foundations of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to evolutionary psychology, women show greater parental investment in children than men because
A) they can be the biological parent of fewer children.
B) of a maternal instinct.
C) both a and b.
D) neither a nor b.
Q2) According to Davidson,
A) individual differences in lateralization begin in adulthood.
B) are important for individual differences in mood.
C) both a and b.
D) neither a nor b.
Q3) Biological sibling differences can be due to A) genes.
B) family environment differences.
C) nonshared environmental influences.
D) all of the above.
Q4) If it is biological and inherited, it is fixed.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality
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86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A critical difference between psychoanalytic and behavioral interpretations of psychopathology is
A) one emphasizes learning, the other does not.
B) one emphasizes the organization of responses, the other does not.
C) one emphasizes anxiety, the other does not.
D) all of the above.
Q2) The classical conditioning procedure was illustrated in the treatment of
A) Peter and the rabbit.
B) alcoholics.
C) bed-wetters.
D) all of the above.
Q3) Skinner question the idea that people A) have free will.
B) learn from environmental experiences.
C) can think.
D) all of the above.
Q4) According to Pavlov, a neurosis can be caused by difficulty in discriminating between similar stimuli.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: A Cognitive Theory of Personality: George a Kellys
Personal Construct Theory of Personality
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kelly's concepts of fear, anxiety, and threat all relate to the functioning of the construct system.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Kelly, scientific theories should be designed to be modified and eventually abandoned.
A)True
B)False
Q3) For Kelly, psychopathology is a disordered response to anxiety.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following constructs can be modified without serious modification of the construct system?
A) preverbal constructs.
B) core constructs.
C) subordinate constructs.
D) peripheral constructs.
Q5) Kelly's theory portrays people as oriented to the present. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Social Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel
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Sample Questions
Q1) Experiments (outlined in the text) which show that a subject can develop a conditioned response through the observation of another person (model) being conditioned are taken as evidence of
A) vicarious conditioning.
B) negative modeling.
C) reverse modeling.
D) identification with the conditioner.
Q2) Objective studies of children in a camp setting support the view of cross-situational behavioral consistency.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The process of learning emotional reactions through observing others is known as vicarious conditioning.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Mischel found continuity between preschool laboratory measures of delay and adolescent parental ratings of cognitive and self-control skills.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Social-Cognitive Theory: Extensions,
Applications, and Evaluation
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91 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A self-guide involving duties or obligations in the
A) efficacious self.
B) ought self.
C) ideal self.
D) learning goal self.
Q2) If a person had a view of the self as intelligent and a view of intelligence as fixed, but did poorly on an exam, one would expect them to
A) try harder on the next exam.
B) give up.
C) no prediction can be made.
D) It would depend on how they did on the previous exam.
Q3) According to Markus, having relevant self-schemata
A) makes the judgment of relevant adjectives more difficult.
B) leads one to be more narcissistic.
C) means that one will resist certain types of information.
D) means that one can judge the relevance of all adjectives rapidly.
Q4) Cognitive therapists view unconscious beliefs as at least as important as conscious beliefs.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relations,
Culture, and Development Across the Course of Life
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research based on the KAPA model of personality architecture demonstrates that people have consistently high self-efficacy appraisal across situations
A) linked to negative self-schemas.
B) linked to positive self-schemas.
C) linked to generic positive traits.
D) linked to generic negative traits.
Q2) The pleasantness of emotional experiences is a strong predictor of life satisfaction in Eastern cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In Western nations, self concept can be characterized as independent. A)True B)False
Q4) Socioemotional selectivity theory examines life-course changes in A) memory.
B) motives.
C) intelligence. D) problem solving.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: An Overview of Personality Theory, Assessment, and Research
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49 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The clearest contrast in emphasis on past, present, and future-related variables is between
A) behaviorism and psychoanalysis.
B) Rogers' theory and Kelly's theory.
C) Rogers' theory and social cognitive theory.
D) Kelly's theory and psychoanalysis.
Q2) The contrast between internal and external views of behavior is most clearly seen in the following contrast
A) trait theory - psychoanalysis.
B) psychoanalysis - personal construct theory.
C) personal construct theory - Rogers' theory.
D) psychoanalysis - social cognitive theory.
Q3) The text suggests that theories of personality differ on the utility of the concept of stages of development and the importance of early experience.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A drive being blocked illustrates a conflict situation.
A)True
B)False
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