Human Anatomy and Physiology
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Human Anatomy and Physiology explores the structure and function of the human body, focusing on the interrelationships between organ systems and how their coordinated activities maintain health. Students learn about the organization of the human body from the molecular and cellular levels up to tissues, organs, and organ systems. Key topics include the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, and reproductive systems. Through lectures, laboratory exercises, and hands-on activities, students develop a comprehensive understanding of physiological processes, anatomical terminology, and the mechanisms that underlie normal body function and adaptation to disease or injury.
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Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professions An Interactive Journey 2nd Edition by Bruce J. Colbert
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology:
Learning the Language
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Q1) ACLS stands for __________
Answer: Advanced Cardiac Life Support
Q2) Disease is a condition in which the body fails to function normally.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Negative feedback is bad for the body because it increases a change away from normal.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The average ________ body temperature in centigrade is thirty seven degrees. Answer: Internal
Q5) The study of tissue samples is known as ________. Answer: Histology
Q6) The abbreviation for immediately is ________. Answer: STAT
Q7) One who studies nerves is a(n) ____________. Answer: Neurologist
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Chapter 2: The Human Body: Reading the Map
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Q1) The anatomical position is a human being standing erect facing forward with feet parallel and arms hanging at the side with palms facing backward.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) A plane is an imaginary line dividing the body into
A)Squares
B)Sections
C)Organs
D)Tissues
Answer: B
Q3) The prone position ________.
A)Describes the body lying face upward
B)Is also called the anatomical position
C)Describes the body lying face downward
D)Both b and c
Answer: C
Q4) The opposite of deep is ______________.
Answer: Superficial
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Chapter 3: Biochemistry: the Basic Ingredients of Life
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Q1) A symptom of fluorine deficiency is ________:
A)acne
B)hair loss
C)dental cavities
D)low blood pressure
Answer: C
Q2) A dietary source for iodine is ________:
A)celery
B)sea food
C)beef
D)pork
Answer: B
Q3) Glycogen is a polysaccharide made of long chains of glucose.Glucose is a
A)Polysaccharide
B)Disaccharide
C)Monosaccharide
D)Saccharin
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Cells: the Raw Materials and Building Blocks
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Sample Questions
Q1) If water is transported across a cell, it is known as phagocytosis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The process of sorting the chromosomes so that each new cell gets the right number of copies of all the genetic material is called ____________.
Q3) Cellular respiration makes carbon dioxide as a waste product.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The centriole is a whip-like organelle used for cell movement.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Normal ____________ are bacteria that are normal in the body.
Q6) Some bacteria are not pathogenic.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The organelles that provide 95% of the body's energy are ________.
A)Ribosomes
B)Mitochondria
C)Adenosines
D)Cytoplasma
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Chapter 5: Tissues and Systems: the Inside Story
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Q1) ________ are conscious (and unconscious) feelings or an awareness of conditions that occur inside and outside of the body.
Q2) Maintaining the proper acid-base balance of the blood is carried out by which body system?
A)Skeletal
B)Respiratory
C)Musculoskeletal
D)Integumentary
Q3) Nervous tissue has two types of cells _______________ and glia.
Q4) A membrane associated with connective tissue is the ________ membrane.
Q5) Balance is the responsibility of which sensory organ?
A)Ear
B)Eye
C)Nose
D)Throat
Q6) Your skin, after it is exposed to sunlight, will produce which vitamin?
A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin B
C)Vitamin C
D)Vitamin D
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System: the Framework
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Q1) ________ fractures are incomplete breaks, which more often occur in children because they have softer, more pliable bone than adults.
Q2) This refers to the shaft of a long bone ________.
A)Epiphyses
B)Periosteum
C)Diaphysis
D)Endosteum
Q3) Once you reach puberty bone stops regenerating.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Pain medication can include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as naproxen and ibuprofen.These drugs reduce ________, thus reducing pain and swelling.
Q5) If a bone is crushed to the point that it becomes fragmented or splintered, that is classified as a ________ fracture.
Q6) When joints become inflamed, it is called ________, .
Q7) List five types of bone disorders.
Q8) ____________ means to move away.
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System: Movement for the Journey
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Q1) Vasodilation can cause the blood pressure to ________.
Q2) ________ is a degenerative disease leading to breakdown and scarring of tendons.
Q3) Muscle strains are injuries caused by overstretching the ________ or the muscles themselves.
Q4) Ligaments attach muscle to bone.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Guillain-Barré syndrome is a disorder of the peripheral nervous system.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Extension decreases the angle between 2 bones.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Progressive descending muscle spasm, rigidity, stiffness and pain, especially in the jaw are signs and symptoms of which disease?
A)Tetanus
B)Fibromyalgia syndrome
C)Cramps/spasms
D)Strains/tendinitis Short
Q8) ____________ is a condition of muscle wasting. Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Integumentary System: the Protective
Covering
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Q1) The layer in which epidermal cells are born is known as the ____________.
Q2) When blood vessels get smaller in diameter it is known as ________.
Q3) ________ is the most common type of fungal skin infection and is highly contagious.
A)Tinea corporis
B)Tinea unguium
C)Tinea cruris
D)Tinea pedis
Q4) This __________________ layer of the skin regenerates easily after injury.
Q5) Two factors when assessing burns are ____________ and area damaged.
Q6) ________ is a chronic skin condition marked by thick, flaky, red patches of various sizes, covered with white, silvery patches.
A)Psoriasis
B)Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
C)Herpes zoster
D)Seborrheic dermatitis
Q7) The basal layer of the epidermis is known as ________.
Q8) A(n) ________ is a classic example of a first-degree burn.
Q9) Tiny mites that burrow into the skin to lay eggs cause a condition known as Page 11
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Page 12
Chapter 9: The Nervous System Part I: the Information
Super Highway
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Q1) The ________ is located in a hollow tube running inside the vertebral column from the foramen magnum to the second lumbar (L2) vertebrae.
Q2) A quadriplegic with damage high in the cervical spinal cord may have a paralyzed diaphragm, such that the patient cannot ________ on his own.
A)Breathe
B)Swallow food
C)Close their eyes
D)Speak
Q3) There are eight cervical nerves.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A(n) ________ is a group of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS.
Q5) Myelin is a lipid insulation produced by the ________.
A)Microglia
B)Oligodendrocytes
C)Astrocytes
D)Ependymal cells
Q6) ____________ inhibit the release of pain neurotransmitters.
Page 13
Q7) The membrane that is like a spider web is called ____________.
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Chapter 10: The Nervous System Part Ii: the Traffic Control Center
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Q1) Explain why cerebral spinal fluid balance is important in the brain.
Q2) A subdural hematoma would be between the ________.
A)Arachnoid mater and subarachnoid
B)Dura mater and the arachnoid mater
C)Dura and vertebral column
D)Arachnoid and pia mater
Q3) ________ is a condition of excess CSF in brain due to trauma, birth defects, tumors, etc.
Q4) The _______ is divided into two hemispheres.
Q5) Damage to the _____________ lobes leads to sensory perception problems.
Q6) Which fissure divides the brain into a left and right hemisphere?
A)transverse
B)longitudinal
C)medial
D)sagittal
Q7) Brain cavities are called ________.
Q9) Heartbeat is controlled in the ____________. Page 14
Q8) Brain damage similar to that caused by traumatic brain injury is caused by a lack of oxygen, strokes, or brain ________.
Q10) The XII cranial nerve, the ____________, is under the tongue.
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Page 15
Chapter 11: The Senses: the Sights and Sounds
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Q1) The cornea is found within the ____________ of the eye.
A)Sclera
B)Choroid
C)Retina
D)Conjunctiva
Q2) Describe how your eye is like a camera.
Q3) ________ is a chronic condition that affects the labyrinth and leads to progressive hearing loss and vertigo.
Q4) Pink eye is called ____________.
Q5) Which of the following is attributed to the development of cataracts?
A)Trauma
B)Congenital defects
C)Aging
D)All of the above
Q6) The malleus is the outer ear.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Nearsightedness is called ________.
Q9) Lazy eye is called ____________. Page 16
Q8) Otitis media can perforate the ________ membrane (eardrum).
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Chapter 12: The Endocrine System: the Bodys Other Control System
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Q1) Cushings' disease causes weight ________ and Graves' causes weight
A)Gain, loss
B)Loss, loss
C)Loss, gain
D)Gain, gain
Q2) Uterine contractions are increased by the hormone ____________.
Q3) The master gland of the endocrine system is the ________.
A)Thyroid gland
B)Pituitary gland
C)Adrenal gland
D)None of the above
Q4) A patient experiences agitation, increased heart rate and blood pressure.She thinks she is going insane.She has a hormone imbalance called
Q5) Hormonal targets are distant from secretion in the endocrine system.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The ideal value for a body characteristic is called a(n) ____________. Page 18
Q6) The ___________________ secretes several vital steroid hormones.
The ________ gland secretes thyroxine.
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Chapter 13: The Cardiovascular System: Transport and Supply
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Q1) Coronary artery disease or CAD is an insufficient blood flow to the heart tissue.It is usually due to ________ but may be due to clot(s) in a coronary artery.
Q2) The innermost layer of the blood vessel is the tunica interna.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is caused by ________.
A)Hypertension
B)Hypotension
C)Angina
D)Atherosclerosis
Q4) ________ is usually due to bone marrow cancer, and is a condition in which a higher than normal number of white blood cells are produced.
A)Sickle cell anemia
B)Leukemia
C)Leukocytosis
D)Anemia
Q5) After leaving the AV node, the electrical impulse spreads to the
Q6) The smallest arteries are ____________.
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The vocal cords are located in the ____________.
A)Nasal cavity
B)Larynx
C)Oropharynx
D)Laryngopharynx
Q2) ________ is associated with a chronic productive cough, enlargement of mucous glands, and hypertrophy of the airway smooth muscle ________.
A)Asthma
B)Emphysema
C)Chronic bronchitis
D)Bronchiectasis
Q3) The diaphragm is covered by a serous membrane called the ____________.
A)Visceral membrane
B)Visceral pleura
C)Musculo-serous membrane
D)Parietal pleura
Q4) Red blood cells are known as ________.
Q5) Producing sound is known as ________.
Q6) The process of gas exchange is known as ____________.
Q7) Explain the mechanism of ventilation.
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Chapter 15: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Your Defense Systems
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Q1) Which of the following is not one of the immune system's components?
A)Barrier
B)NSAID
C)Inflammation
D)Chemical
Q2) Cytotoxic T cells release a cytokine called ________, which causes infected cells to develop holes in their membranes and die.
Q3) A rise in body temperature is one way the immune system deliberately tries to kill a(n) ________.
Q4) It is because of adaptive ________ that people normally get chicken pox only once.
A)Immunity
B)WBCs
C)Antibodies
D)Antigens
Q5) In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the ________.
A)Pleural membrane
B)Mucous membrane
C)Synovial membrane
D)Myelin membrane
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Chapter
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Q1) Which hormone is responsible for inhibiting the release of gastric juice?
A)SIP
B)Pepsin
C)CCK
D)Gastrin
Q2) The structure responsible for the absorption of excess water is the ________.
A)Stomach
B)Large intestine
C)Liver
D)Spleen
Q3) The order of the segments of the small intestine from the stomach to the large intestine is which of the following?
A)Ileum, jejunum, duodenum
B)Duodenum, ileum, jejunum
C)Jejunum, duodenum, ileum
D)Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Q4) Directly after leaving the stomach, materials go to the jejunum.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Partially digested food is known as ____________.
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Chapter 17: The Urinary System: Filtration and Fluid Balance
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Q1) Painful urination, urinary frequency, nighttime urination, and foul smelling, cloudy urine are symptoms of ________.
A)Uremia
B)Renal failure
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)Urinary tract infection
Q2) The urge to urinate is caused by skeletal muscle contraction.
A)True
B)False
Q3) This hormone would tend to increase the amount of urine produced ________.
A)Antidiuretic hormone
B)Aldosterone
C)Atrial natriuretic hormone
D)Both a and b
Q4) The ____________ carries urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder.
Q5) Diabetes mellitus is caused by production of too little insulin or by insensitivity to insulin.
A)True
B)False
Q6) ________ moves fluid and chemicals into the nephron.
Page 24
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Chapter 18: The Reproductive System: Replacement and Repair
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Q1) Treatment of erectile dysfunction depends on the ________ cause.
Q2) The union of genetic material is called fertilization.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sperm mature in the ________.
A)Seminal Vesicles
B)Epididymis
C)Testes
D)Seminiferous tubles
Q4) The release of a mature egg from the ovary is called ________.
A)Ovulation
B)Fertilization
C)Menses
D)Menopause
Q5) Of the hormones necessary for menstruation, which one comes from the ovary?
A)Follicle stimulating hormone
B)Estrogen
C)Luteinizing hormone
D)Testosterone
Q6) The external female genitalia are known as the ________. Page 25
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Chapter 19: The Journeys End: Now What
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Q1) Within the cardiovascular system, we also see a lessening in the ________ of blood vessels, which leads to increased blood pressures.
Q2) For several hundred years it was believed that ________ were poisonous.
A)Grapes
B)Poppy seeds
C)Tomatoes
D)Watermelons
Q3) Smoking affects the heart by reducing the availability of ________ to the heart muscle.
Q4) Forensic science is the application of science to law.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Approximately ________ percent of all lung cancers can be traced to smoking.
A)60
B)70
C)80
D)90
Q6) Integumentary problems can be reduced by not ____________ and limiting exposure to the ____________.
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