Histology Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Histology is the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs in plants and animals. This course introduces students to the fundamental concepts of cellular organization, tissue classification, and the specialized structures and functions of various tissue types, including epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues. Emphasis is placed on the correlation between cellular architecture and physiological function, as well as the practical skills necessary to prepare, stain, and examine tissue samples using light and electron microscopy. Understanding histological techniques and principles equips students with critical insights relevant to fields such as medicine, biology, and biomedical research.
Recommended Textbook
Histology and Cell Biology An Introduction to Pathology 3rd Edition by Abraham L Kierszenbaum
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23 Chapters
246 Verified Questions
246 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Epithelium
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18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The type of epithelium that is associated with distensible organs such as the urinary bladder is
A) Pseudostratified columnar
B) Simple cuboidal
C) Stratified squamous
D) Transitional
E) None of the above
Answer: D
Q2) The cell adhesion molecule that binds to both the intracellular cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix is
A) Cadherin
B) Fibronectin
C) Integrin
D) Laminin
E) Selectin
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Epithelial Glands
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which organelle is responsible for degrading proteins?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
Q2) Exocrine glands are derived from
A) Connective tissue
B) Endocrine glands
C) Epithelial tissue
D) Muscle tissue
E) Nervous tissue
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Cell Signaling
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6 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ligand binding to a(n) _____ receptor directly results in phosphorylation
A) Cytokine
B) G protein-coupled
C) Intracellular
D) Threonine kinase
E) Tyrosine kinase
Answer: E
Q2) A secreted chemical messenger meant to act on an adjacent cell is called a(n)
A) Autocrine
B) Hormone
C) Neurohormone
D) Neurotransmitter
E) Paracrine
Answer: E
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Chapter 4: Connective Tissue
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of cartilage is found in the respiratory tract and the nose?
A) Elastic cartilage
B) Fibrocartilage
C) Hyaline cartilage
D) Osteocartilage
E) Pericartilage
Q2) Both mature bone cells and mature cartilage cells are found in chambers called
A) Isogenous groups
B) Lacunae
C) Lamellae
D) Territorial matrices
E) Volkmann's canals
Q3) Connective tissue is composed of all of the following except
A) Extracellular matrix
B) Fibroblasts
C) Ground substance
D) Junctional complexes
E) Protein fibers
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6
Chapter 5: Osteogenesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each of the following statements about epiphyseal plates is correct EXCEPT
A) Appositional growth occurs on the epiphyseal side
B) Bone replaces cartilage on the diaphyseal side
C) Mitotically active chondrocytes are distributed throughout the zone of reserve cartilage
D) These chondrocytes are required for lengthening of long bones
E) They contain a portion of healthy hyaline cartilage
Q2) Secondary ossification centers are found
A) At the outer surface of the diaphysis
B) At the surface of the epiphyses
C) In the center of the epiphyses
D) In the dermis of the skin
E) In the medullary cavity of the diaphysis
Q3) Which of the following is true of intramembranous, rather than endochondral, ossification?
A) A hyaline cartilage model is used
B) Long bones are formed
C) Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts within connective tissue
D) Periosteal buds invade the lacunae left behind by dead chondrocytes
E) Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses
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Chapter 6: Blood and Hematopoiesis
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During homing and inflammation, _____ occurs following rolling and attachment
A) Adhesion
B) Macrophage activation
C) Migration of T-cells
D) Selectin expression
E) Tumor necrosis factor - secretion
Q2) What is the primary function of red blood cells?
A) Clotting
B) Hemopoiesis
C) Inflammatory response
D) Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
E) Phagocytosis
Q3) Which cell type differentiates into macrophages?
A) Basophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Lymphocyte
D) Monocyte
E) Neutrophil
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8
Chapter 7: Muscle Tissue
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When comparing skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle structure
A) Cardiac muscle contains triads while skeletal muscle contains diads
B) Sarcomere structure in smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are the same
C) Skeletal muscle thin filaments have actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; smooth muscle lacks troponin
D) Skeletal muscles consume more energy than cardiac muscle as a result of the abundance of mitochondria
E) T-tubule diameter in smooth muscle is smaller than in cardiac muscle
Q2) The structure that serves as an attachment for thin filaments and demarcates the boundary between sarcomeres in skeletal muscle is the
A) A band
B) H zone
C) I band
D) M line
E) Z line
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9
Chapter 8: Nervous Tissue
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The neuroglial cells responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system are
A) Astrocytes
B) Ependymal cells
C) Microglial cells
D) Oligodendrocytes
E) Schwann cells
Q2) Interneurons are found
A) Only in the brain
B) Only in the central nervous system
C) Only in the peripheral nervous system
D) Only in the spinal cord
E) Throughout the nervous system
Q3) Cell bodies of which of the following type of neuron are found in dorsal root ganglia?
A) Central nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Sensory
D) Somatic motor
E) Sympathetic
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Sensory Organs: Vision and Hearing
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10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the dark, Na+ channels are ____ and neurotransmitter release is ____. In bright light, on the other hand, the Na+ channels are ____ and neurotransmitter release ____
A) Closed, continuous, open, ceases
B) Closed, continuous, open, increases
C) Open, absent, closed, increases
D) Open, continuous, closed, ceases
E) Open, continuous, closed, increases
Q2) The membrane that separates the fluid-filled cochlear chamber from the air-filled middle ear, helping to regulate pressure in the inner ear, is called the _____
A) Cochlear duct
B) Cochlear membrane
C) Oval window
D) Round window
E) Tympanic membrane
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Chapter 10: Immune-Lymphatic System
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8 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Macromolecules that induce the immune system to make certain responses are called
A) Antibodies
B) Antigens
C) Complement
D) Cytokines
E) Interferons
Q2) Which of the following belong to the developing rather than the stromal population of cells in the thymus?
A) Dendritic cells
B) Double-negative T cells
C) Hassall's corpuscles
D) Macrophages
E) Thymic cortical epithelial cells
Q3) Helper T cells
A) Activate B cells to produce specific antibodies
B) Differentiate into cytotoxic T cells upon re-exposure to a known pathogen
C) Help T cells recognize antigens as nonself
D) Recognize and kill viral cells by secreting perforin
E) Secrete interferon upon contact with a virus
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Chapter 11: Integumentary System
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11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of the stratum spinosum?
A) It contains immunity-conferring cells called Langerhans cells
B) It is also called the "spiny" layer
C) It is comprised mostly of keratinocytes
D) It is superficial to the stratum granulosum and the stratum germinativum
E) Keratins 5 and 14 are replaced by keratins 1 and 10 following basal keratinocyte migration
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true of the hypodermis?
A) It contains muscles in the head and neck
B) It helps to insulate and cushion underlying tissue
C) It is considered to be the third layer of the skin
D) It is made up primarily of adipose and areolar tissue
E) It secures the cutaneous membrane to underlying tissue
Q3) The primary cells of the epidermis are
A) Basal cells
B) Keratinocytes
C) Langerhans cells
D) Melanocytes
E) Merkel cells
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about veins is false?
A) Layering in the walls is indistinct
B) Most small and medium-sized veins contain valves
C) The lumina are larger than corresponding arteries
D) Vasa vasorum in large veins are less common than in corresponding arteries
E) Walls are thinner than those found in corresponding arteries
Q2) In the heart's conduction system, the electrical signal travels from the atrioventricular node to the
A) Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
B) Bundle branches
C) Junctional fibers
D) Purkinje fibers
E) Sinoatrial node
Q3) The tunica media
A) Contains collagen and elastic fibers
B) Directly surrounds the lumen of the blood vessel
C) Includes the external elastic lamina
D) Is composed of simple squamous epithelia
E) Is not found in venules, arterioles, or capillaries
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inspired air moves from the _____ directly into the alveolar ducts.
A) Alveolar sacs
B) Alveoli
C) Respiratory bronchioles
D) Terminal bronchioles
E) Tertiary bronchi
Q2) Alveolar cells that manufacture and secrete pulmonary surfactant are
A) Alveolar macrophages
B) Clara cells
C) Endothelial cells
D) Type I alveolar cells
E) Type II alveolar cells
Q3) Which respiratory structure constitutes the last part of the conducting zone?
A) Alveolar ducts
B) Primary bronchi
C) Respiratory bronchioles
D) Secondary bronchi
E) Terminal bronchioles
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15
Chapter 14: Urinary System
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14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Urine enters the minor calyces from the A) Hilum
B) Major calyces
C) Renal columns
D) Renal papillae
E) Renal pelvis
Q2) Decreased salt concentration results in all of the following EXCEPT
A) Aldosterone secretion
B) Paracrine secretion from macula densa cells
C) Renin secretion from juxtaglomerular cells
D) Vasodilation
E) Water reabsorption in the distal tubule
Q3) Urine flows from the major calyx directly to which kidney structure?
A) Minor calyx
B) Nephron
C) Renal papillae
D) Renal pelvis
E) Ureter
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Chapter 15: Upper Digestive Segment
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are simple coiled tubular glands lined almost entirely with mucus-secreting cells?
A) Cardiac glands
B) Esophageal glands
C) Fundic glands
D) Gastric glands
E) Pyloric glands
Q2) The secretion of which cell type is needed to begin the process of digesting proteins?
A) Chief cells
B) Gastroenteroendocrine cells
C) Mucous neck cells
D) Parietal cells
E) Stem cells
Q3) The outer surface of the tooth's root is covered by _____.
A) Cementum
B) Dentin
C) Enamel
D) Gingivae
E) Pulp
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Chapter 16: Lower Digestive Segment
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9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not true of the crypts of Lieberkühn?
A) Their bases may contain Paneth cells
B) They are found between the intestinal villi
C) They are intestinal glands
D) They are simple tubular glands
E) They are unique to the small intestine
Q2) Which of the following cell types is not found in the small intestine epithelium?
A) Enterocytes
B) Microfold cells
C) Paneth cells
D) Parietal cells
E) None of the above (all of the above cells are found in the small intestine epithelium)
Q3) The ____ secrete(s) an alkaline fluid to protect the duodenum from acidic chyme.
A) Brunner's glands
B) Gallbladder
C) Goblet cells
D) Liver
E) Peyer's patches
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Chapter 17: Digestive Glands
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following does not differentiate the gallbladder from the liver?
A) Microvilli are present on gallbladder epithelial cells
B) The gallbladder epithelium is folded
C) The muscularis mucosae of the gallbladder is thicker than that of the liver
D) There are no mucus-producing cells in the gallbladder
E) Water is reabsorbed from the bile in the gallbladder
Q2) Which of the following is not true of pancreatic intercalated ducts?
A) The secretory acini empty their secretions into them
B) Their initial segments are formed by centroacinar cells
C) They are lined by low columnar or cuboidal epithelium
D) They empty into interlobular ducts
E) They receive secretions from the duct of Wirsung
Q3) Digestive enzymes such as trypsin and cholesterol esterase are secreted by the
A) Cardiac glands
B) Islets of Langerhans
C) Liver
D) Pancreatic secretory acini
E) Principal ("true") gastric glands
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19
Chapter 18: Neuroendocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Melatonin
A) Is secreted by the neurohypophysis
B) Is secreted immediately following synthesis by acidophils
C) Is transported along pinealocyte axons
D) Production is stimulated by sunlight
E) Stimulates growth hormone secretion
Q2) Prolactin secretion is _____ by _____.
A) Inhibited dopamine
B) Inhibited somatostatin
C) Stimulated dopamine
D) Stimulated growth hormone-releasing hormone
E) Stimulated nerve impulse from the hypothalamus
Q3) Which endocrine structure is composed of several cell types, including chromophobe cells, acidophils, and basophils?
A) Adrenal gland
B) Anterior pituitary
C) Parathyroid gland
D) Pineal gland
E) Posterior pituitary
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The trophic hormone that controls the release of T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine) is secreted by
A) Acidophilic cells
B) Basophilic cells
C) Chromaffin cells
D) Chromophobic cells
E) Follicular cells
Q2) Which of the following hormones is most likely to bind to a receptor inside the cell as opposed to a membrane receptor?
A) Aldosterone
B) Epinephrine
C) Melatonin
D) Parathyroid hormone
E) Vasopressin
Q3) Sodium and water retention in the kidney is stimulated by a hormone secreted by
A) Chromaffin cells
B) Islets of Langerhans
C) Zona fasciculata
D) Zona glomerulosa
E) Zona reticularis
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Chapter 20: Spermatogenesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are diploid structures?
A) Primary spermatocytes
B) Secondary spermatocytes
C) Sperm
D) Spermatids
E) Spermatozoa
Q2) Diploid spermatogenic cells in direct contact with the basal lamina are
A) Sertoli cells
B) Spermatocytes
C) Spermatogenic cells
D) Spermatogonia
E) Spermatozoa
Q3) The substage of prophase of meiosis I in which synapsis begins is the _____ substage.
A) Diakinesis
B) Diplotene
C) Leptotene
D) Pachytene
E) Zygotene
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Sperm Transport and Maturation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sperm are matured and stored in what structure?
A) Epididymidis
B) Prostate
C) Seminal vesicle
D) Testis
E) Vas deferens
Q2) Sperm move from the tubuli recti into the
A) Ductuli efferentes
B) Epididymidis
C) Rete testis
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Vas deferens
Q3) What structure contributes a lubricating mucus substance to semen?
A) Bulbourethral gland
B) Epididymidis
C) Prostate
D) Seminal vesicle
E) Testis
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23
Chapter 22: Follicle Development and the Menstrual Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where is the bulbospongiosus muscle found?
A) In the cervix
B) In the ovary
C) In the oviduct
D) In the uterus
E) In the vagina
Q2) Which of the following does not occur as a result of the luteinizing hormone surge?
A) Formation of the corpus luteum
B) Increased estrogen secretion
C) Ovulation
D) Secondary oocyte completes meiosis I
E) Secretion of proteolytic enzymes from the mature follicle
Q3) The inner layer of the uterus is called the
A) Cervix
B) Endometrium
C) Germinal epithelium
D) Mesovarium
E) Myometrium
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24
Chapter 23: Fertilization, Placentation, and Lactation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where does fertilization usually occur?
A) Cervix
B) Ovary
C) Oviduct
D) Uterus
E) Vagina
Q2) What structure secretes estrogen and progesterone for approximately 3 months following fertilization?
A) Corpus albicans
B) Corpus luteum
C) Mature follicle
D) Placenta
E) Tunica albuginea
Q3) Which of the following statements about the trophoblast is false?
A) It develops into the embryo proper
B) It helps form the placenta
C) It invades the endometrium during implantation
D) It is the outer layer of cells around the blastula
E) It secretes human chorionic gonadotropiin
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