Hazard Mitigation and Management Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Hazard Mitigation and Management is an interdisciplinary course designed to equip students with the foundational knowledge and practical skills necessary to identify, assess, and manage risks associated with natural and human-made hazards. The course explores theories and strategies for reducing the impact of disasters through proactive planning, policy development, and community engagement. Students will examine hazard identification, vulnerability analysis, mitigation planning, risk communication, and recovery operations, with case studies that illustrate effective practices and lessons learned. By integrating scientific, social, and policy perspectives, the course prepares students for roles in emergency management, urban planning, public safety, and environmental protection, emphasizing the importance of building resilient communities through systematic hazard mitigation.
Recommended Textbook
Natural Hazards 4th Edition by Edward A. Keller
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14 Chapters
1033 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Natural Hazards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is <b>FALSE</b> about the scientific method?
A) Explanations by scientists generally are based on data.
B) A scientific hypothesis may address a question such as why did a natural disaster occur in a certain area.
C) Scientific hypotheses can be tested by other scientists.
D) One of the failures of the scientific method is when a hypothesis is disproved and has to be rejected.
Answer: D
Q2) Risk assessment is a straightforward procedure in which scientists deal with abundant and exact data.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Natural hazards in the U.S. only occur in the San Francisco area of California.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Internal Structure of the Earth and Plate
Tectonics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Give a description of the lithosphere, crust, asthenosphere, and mantle and explain the relationships between them.
Answer: The crust is the outer rocky layer of Earth. The lithosphere (also called a tectonic plate) includes all of the crust and the upper part of the mantle; it is a relatively cool and brittle material. The asthenosphere is entirely within the mantle; it is a hot and weak layer that flows slowly. The mantle is mostly solid ultramafic igneous rock.
Q2) Slab pull seems to be a more important driving force for moving tectonic plates than ridge push.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Volcanism at transform plate boundaries is derived from melting of crustal rock.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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4
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Earthquake prediction is an area of intense scientific research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following human activities is <b>NOT</b> known to cause earthquakes?
A) Underground nuclear explosions
B) Injecting liquid waste deep into the ground
C) Building a water reservoir
D) Excavating large amounts of materials to make buildings
Answer: D
Q3) Which seismic waves are the last to reach a seismograph station?
A) P-waves
B) S-waves
C) Surface waves
D) Body waves
E) All seismic waves travel at the same speed and therefore reach any seismograph station at the same time.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Tsunamis
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Sample Questions
Q1) A tsunami refers to
A) an extremely large storm-generated wave.
B) a large, fast, earthquake-generated water wave.
C) an earthquake that occurs in Japan.
D) an unusual type of vibration that occurs in areas where the ground is very weak.
Q2) Explain how a tsunami headed for the Hawaiian Islands might be detected and the public might be warned.
Q3) If Japan had a tsunami warning system, then many of the deaths in the 2011 tsunami would have been prevented.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If you were an elected local official, how would handle reports that some of the people in your town went to the coastline to look for a tsunami when a tsunami warning was issued?
Q5) There is no way to know where a tsunami is likely to occur.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How is a "Run-up Map" created and how does it help to minimize the tsunami hazard?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Volcanoes
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a basaltic lava flow were coming toward you, you could probably outrun it.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The history of an area's rocks can give a timeline of past volcanic eruptions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following natural hazards is <b>NOT</b> caused by volcanoes?
A) Climate change
B) Landslides
C) Fire
D) Tsunami
E) Tornadoes
Q4) In which two environments are shield volcanoes found?
A) Hotspots in the ocean and subduction zones
B) Hotspots on land and divergent plate boundaries
C) Divergent plate boundaries and subduction zones
D) Hotspots on land and subduction zones
E) Hotspots in the ocean and divergent plate boundaries
Q5) Explain what viscosity is and how it affects the effects of a volcano. Give one example to illustrate your point.
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Chapter 6: Flooding
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is <b>NOT</b> an example of a base level for a river?
A) Ocean
B) Lake
C) Rapids
D) Reservoir
Q2) What is the floodplain?
A) The area around a river that is the ultimate limit to how far it will ever flood
B) A flat area next to the river carved out by the rivers
C) The steep sides of the river channel that holds in the water
D) Earthen mounds that run parallel to the river and hold in the water during floods
E) A triangular shaped deposit that forms when a river flows into the ocean
Q3) Which of the following has the <b>LEAST</b> effect on flood damage? Assume that a moderate amount of development is available for flood damage.
A) People's use of the floodplain
B) Flood duration
C) Geographic region
D) Speed of the floodwaters
Q4) Explain how a floodplain forms.
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Chapter 7: Mass Wasting
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe what each area would look like after a fall, a slide and a flow had occurred.
Q2) All non-horizontal slopes have potential for mass wasting of some type.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Slumps are the only form of mass wasting that are not triggered by excess water.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In buying a house, why should you be wary of tilted telephone poles?
A) It is a sign of debris flows.
B) It is a sign of rock falls.
C) It is a sign of avalanches.
D) It is a sign of landslides.
E) It is a sign of creep.
Q5) The Portuguese Bend landslide in California involved an area with weak sedimentary rock that has bedding parallel to the slope and a cliff at the front edge where ocean waves eroded into the cliff.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is the difference between a fall, a slide and a flow?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Subsidence and Soils
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a region susceptible to sinkhole formation, the most likely times for collapse will be
A) When groundwater levels are low.
B) When groundwater levels are high.
C) During periods of heavy rain.
D) Just before full moons.
E) During late afternoon when air temperatures are highest.
Q2) What causes volume change in expansive soil?
A) Changes in the water content
B) Changes in atmospheric pressure
C) Changes in temperature of the soil
D) Adding weight, such as a new building, on top of the soil
E) Changes in elevation of the soil
Q3) Organic soils cause large amounts of damage in the U.S. because they swell when wet and shrink when dry.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the basics of how sinkholes are formed in an area.
Q5) Describe how volcanoes are associated with land subsidence.
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Chapter 9: Atmosphere and Severe Weather
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following has a low albedo?
A) Woodlands
B) Grasslands
C) Beaches
D) Snow
E) Clouds
Q2) What is the weather that is generally associated with high pressure systems?
A) Cool and clear
B) Warm and cloudy
C) Warm and rainy
D) Cool and stormy
E) Cool and snowing
Q3) Explain how humans can affect the weather.
Q4) Which of the following is <b>NOT</b> a good description of heat energy?
A) Energy attributed to the motion of atoms and molecules that make up a material
B) Energy transferred between objects at different temperatures
C) Energy that can be monitored by a thermometer
D) Energy that can cause a change in state as from a liquid to a gas
E) Energy that is stored such as in water held at a higher level behind a dam
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Chapter 10: Hurricanes and Extratropical Cyclones
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Sample Questions
Q1) Storm surges usually resemble tsunamis in that it is a sudden rise in sea level from a storm.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe the development of the extratropical cyclone.
Q3) Extratropical cyclones are responsible for most of the snow and blizzards that occur across the U.S. and Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What does it mean if a hurricane warning has been issued?
A) Conditions are good for a hurricane to form in your area.
B) You should open your windows and doors for the hurricane winds to blow through.
C) A hurricane is likely to make landfall in the next 24 hours.
D) Meteorologists have spotted a tropical storm and they are watching to see if it will turn into a hurricane.
Q5) Extratropical cyclones always move over water before making landfall.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain how and when a hurricane gets its name.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Coastal Hazards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Breakwaters are often built parallel to the shoreline to protect harbor boats.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is <b>NOT</b> a coastal hazard?
A) Coastline erosion
B) Strong coastal currents
C) Storm surge
D) Tsunamis
E) Earthquakes
Q3) From the perspective of someone standing in the water on the shoreline, explain what wavelength, wave height, and period are and how they might measure it for a wave.
Q4) Waves break when they reach shallow water because their amplitude grows too large.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The most effective hard stabilization is beach replenishment.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Give a brief definition for coastal hazards and give three examples.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Climate and Climate Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Climate refers to the average weather in a given location over a long period of time.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements about climate change is <b>FASLE</b>?
A) Climatologists now have complete historical temperature data for the past 100,000 years of the Earth's history.
B) Emerging temperature data indicate that warming in the past few decades exceeds that of the past 400 years.
C) There have been numerous times over the past million years when it was warmer than it is today.
D) Glaciers made a minor advance around 1400 A.D. during a cold period known as the Little Ice Age.
Q3) How is the Earth's climate changing?
A) It is warming probably due to increased levels of CO in the atmosphere.
B) It is warming probably due to increased volcanic activity.
C) It is cooling probably due to human interaction.
D) It is cooling probably due to increased volcanic activity.
E) Scientists have not come to a consensus on what the Earth's climate is doing.
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Chapter 13: Wildfires
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of wildfire would you most likely see moving through a dry swamp during a drought?
A) Ground fires
B) Surface fires
C) Crown fires
D) Tree fires
E) Drought fires
Q2) Which of the following is <b>NOT</b> one of the main phases of wildfire?
A) Preignition
B) Extinction
C) Conductive radiation
D) Combustion
Q3) Why do wildfires increase landslide activity?
A) Burning the anchoring vegetation leaves the ground exposed.
B) Burning the soil makes it heavier, making landslides more likely.
C) Wildfires move downhill, pulling soil and trees with it.
D) Wildfires dry the soil, which reduces its shear strength and makes it likely to slide.
Q4) Describe the three wildfire phases and give examples of each.
Q5) Explain what happens to fuel during the preignition phase.
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Chapter 14: Impacts and Extinctions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dinosaurs were killed by the asteroid because their habitat was near the impact area, whereas mammals were not killed because their habitat was much farther away.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the significance of the Tunguska River Valley in Siberia in terms of asteroids?
A) It is where the largest comet was sighted.
B) It is where a large airburst of an asteroid occurred in recent history.
C) It is the site of a crater that marks the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs.
D) It is the site of the largest impact crater ever recorded on Earth.
E) It is a site of enormous wildfires in prehistoric times.
Q3) Which of the following describes a comet?
A) Large diameter (10m-1000km) object originating from belt between Jupiter and Mars
B) Moderate diameter (<10m) object originating from collisions of asteroids
C) Small diameter (<10 cm) object destroyed in Earth's atmosphere
D) Variable-sized object that intersects the Earth's surface
E) Icy object that appears to have a tail as it burns, originates from outside our solar system
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