Group Dynamics
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Group Dynamics explores the behavioral processes and psychological mechanisms that occur within social, work, and organizational groups. The course examines the formation, development, structure, and functioning of groups, considering factors such as roles, norms, leadership, decision-making, conflict resolution, communication, and group performance. Students will analyze real-world examples and engage in collaborative activities to gain insight into effective teamwork, group problem-solving, and the impact of individual differences on group interactions. Emphasis is placed on applying theories and research to enhance group effectiveness in professional and personal contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 9th Edition by Elliot Aronson
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16 Chapters
2963 Verified Questions
2963 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Social Psychology
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to your text, one reason why social psychologists study the causes of social behavior is to
A) gain political power.
B) contribute to the solution of social problems.
C) understand psychological disorders.
D) comprehend individual differences.
Answer: B
Q2) Garry is a physician and is convinced that his patient, Mr.Mraz, has cancer.However, after several diagnostic tests and a biopsy that came back negative, Garry rethinks his original diagnosis.He admits that he was wrong and does more research to find the correct diagnosis.In this case, which basic motive did Garry give in to?
A) the need for accuracy
B) the need to feel good about oneself
C) the need for meaning
D) the need for control
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research
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251 Verified Questions
251 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a serious shortcoming of the correlational approach?
A) It is difficult for social psychologists to secure a random sample.
B) Causal inferences based on correlational data are often faulty.
C) There is always some third variable that accounts for the correlation.
D) Surveys are often poorly designed, leading to erroneous conclusions.
Answer: B
Q2) After a controversial play, referees meet in the middle of the field to discuss what each saw and explain his/her ruling before coming to a final decision.This most closely resembles which of the following?
A) archival analysis
B) dependent variables
C) interjudge reliability
D) external validity
Answer: C
Q3) Social neuroscience is the marriage between which fields?
A) medicine and psychology
B) social psychology and neuropsychology
C) biology and psychology
D) social psychology and medicine
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World
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235 Verified Questions
235 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study described in the textbook, participants memorized either words such as neat or disrespectful before reading an ambiguous passage about Donald, in which he was described as engaging in a number of recreational activities (e.g., driving in a demolition derby, white-water rafting) in which he had risked injury and even death.How did these words influence the impressions of Donald?
A) They made the impression of his behavior appear more extreme.
B) They did not affect the impression of him because they were not related to his behavior.
C) They helped make the impression of Donald more sympathetic.
D) They made the impression of Donald more negative.
Answer: B
Q2) What is the take-home message from the research regarding the effects of generating different numbers of examples of behavior?
A) The more examples you have to think of, the less the behavior describes you.
B) The fewer examples you have to think of, the less the behavior describes you.
C) The more examples you have to think of, the more the behavior describes you.
D) The number of examples does not affect how much the behavior describes you.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Social Perception: How We Come to Understand
Other People
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204 Verified Questions
204 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nonverbal behavior is used for all of the following EXCEPT
A) communicating one's personality traits.
B) conveying attitudes.
C) writing letters.
D) facilitating verbal communication.
Q2) According to research presented in this chapter, we typically use two steps in making attributions.The first step involves ________, and the second step involves
________.
A) anchoring on the situation; adjusting for the person
B) forming an internal attribution; seeking out distinctiveness information
C) seeking consistency information; seeking distinctiveness information
D) forming an internal attribution; adjusting for the situation
Q3) In trying to make sense of the social world, people are much like amateur scientists.This observation is most compatible with Heider's (1958) classic scholarly work on
A) causal attributions.
B) implicit personality theories.
C) commonsense psychology.
D) correspondent inferences.
Q4) What are self-serving attributions, and why do people make them?
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Chapter 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you just declined an invitation to go out with friends so that you can study and then another friend offers you a beer, according to research in this chapter, what can you do to exert some self-control and stick with your study plan?
A) Give up.There's nothing you can do now; you've already seen the beer.
B) Take a break and collect yourself.You can resist the temptation.
C) Promise yourself you'll only have one.It can't affect studying that much.
D) Have a cookie instead.You deserve some treat.
Q2) Walt's older brother Seymour decided to give him some incentive to continue doing well in school.Seymour told Walt that for every "A" he received on his report card, he would reward him with a comic book.Seymour is offering Walt a(n) ________ reward.
A) task-contingent
B) performance-contingent
C) item-contingent
D) time-contingent
Q3) Many social psychologists assert that much of our sense of self arises from our interactions with or observations of others: in effect, that the self is social.How does Leon Festinger's social comparison theory fit this conceptualization self?
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Page 7
Chapter 6: The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits
of Dissonance Reduction
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197 Verified Questions
197 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anita spent two months trying to decide whether to buy a PC or a Mac.She finally decided on a Mac.Now, Anita most likely
A) wishes she'd bought the PC.
B) is certain she made the right decision.
C) still thinks PCs and Macs are equally good computers.
D) tries to convince all her friends to buy PCs.
Q2) Triandis (1995) and others have argued that dissonance-reducing behaviors may be less prevalent on the surface in societies in which
A)there is less industrialization.
B)the climate is tropical.
C)the needs of the group matter more than the individual.
D)there is a monarch in a position of real power.
Q3) All of the following processes EXCEPT ??????????????????????________ are motivated by the need to preserve or maintain self-esteem.
A) changing one's attitude in the direction of one's behavior
B) distancing oneself from a close other who outdoes one in a domain one cares about
C) making upward social comparisons
D) blaming the victim
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Chapter 7: Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing
Thoughts and Feelings
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265 Verified Questions
265 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The function of affectively based attitudes is to A) paint an accurate picture of the world.
B) express and validate one's basic value system.
C) behave in accordance with one's attitudes.
D) weigh the pluses and minuses of an attitude object.
Q2) According to the authors, a particularly dangerous effect of advertising is that it A) threatens our standard ways of thinking about social groups.
B) can have strong effects on our behavior when it is presented subliminally.
C) reinforces and perpetuates stereotypes.
D) has become more interesting to people than the content of the programs themselves.
Q3) Armando is listening carefully to a persuasive communication and thinking about the arguments.He is using the ________ route to persuasion.
A) peripheral
B) heuristic
C) central
D) direct
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Conformity: Influencing Behavior
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recall the cross-cultural conformity research conducted by J.W.Berry (1967) and others.Based on this research, who would be LEAST likely to conform to other group members' opinions?
A) a member of an Inuit fishing society
B) a member of an African farming society
C) a member of a Norwegian community
D) a member of an African cattle-raising society
Q2) Victor goes to a fancy French restaurant.There are utensils on the table that he's never even seen before, and more spoons and forks than he's ever seen on one table.Eager to dine in an appropriate and sophisticated way, Victor secretly watches other diners to see what they do.This is an example of
A) normative social influence.
B) situational interdependence.
C) informational social influence.
D) normative conformity.
Q3) How does conformity to normative social influence differ from conformity to informational social influence?
Q4) Discuss the role of both informational and normative influence in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust.
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Chapter 9: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups
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205 Verified Questions
205 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although social groups vary tremendously (e.g., families, sororities, sports teams, religious congregations), they are all alike in that
A) members share the same space at the same time.
B) actions are guided by norms.
C) they tend to be heterogeneous.
D) they convey competitive advantage.
Q2) What are the two reasons why deindividuation leads to more deviant behavior?
A) People feel less accountable, and people are more likely to obey even deviant group norms.
B) People feel less accountable, and people use others to shoulder the blame.
C) People become frustrated, and people feel less accountable for acting on their frustration.
D) People pay less attention to their environment, and people feel anonymous in a group.
Q3) Compare the great person theory of leadership with the contingency theory of leadership.With which theory would a social psychologist be most likely to agree?
Q4) What is group polarization? Make sure to describe the cognitive and motivational factors that contribute to group polarization.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research by Toma and colleagues found that 81% of participants in their research provided some inaccurate information on their online dating profile.They seem to provide inaccurate information
A)unconsciously.
B)intentionally.
C)unknowingly.
D)automatically.
Q2) Creators of deceptive online dating profiles tend to distance themselves psychologically from the lies and exaggerations they write.This results in their profiles
A)being shorter than average.
B)having a lot of negative turns of phrase.
C)being filled with photos.
D)using fewer first-person pronouns.
Q3) Describe some of the criticisms that have been offered against the evolutionary theory of attraction.
Q4) Without investments, social exchange theory would predict that an unsatisfying relationship would end.Explain why and be sure to describe the concepts involved in social exchange theory and the investment model.
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Chapter 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help
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171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reuben has three cats at home and doesn't want another one.Still, on the way home from work, he stops to rescue a kitten from the highway.This is an example of ________ behavior.
A) prosocial
B) altruistic
C) sociobiological
D) self-interested
Q2) How do evolutionary psychologists use the concepts of kin selection and the reciprocity norm to explain human prosocial behavior?
Q3) Which of the following statements is most closely related to the empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson, 1991)?
A) "You scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours."
B) "Before you accuse me, take a look at yourself."
C) "Walk a mile in my shoes."
D) "I'll gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today."
Q4) Briefly summarize the social exchange perspective of helping behavior.
Q5) There is a stereotype that individuals who are described as religious will be more likely to help than others.However, the research demonstrates that this is not universally true.Describe the research findings.
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Chapter 12: Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can
We Prevent It
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199 Verified Questions
199 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on the research presented in your text on aggression, what advice would you give to Tim, who just found out he didn't make the baseball team and is angry?
A)Watch a violent movie to help relieve aggressive feelings.
B)Try to relax and restrain urges to be aggressive.
C)Play a violent game of rugby to vent.
D)Go to the gym and hit a punching bag for an hour.
Q2) According to Nisbett (1993), a(n) ________ is characteristic of regions where inhabitants evolved from herding societies, and thus ________.
A) culture of honor; aggression is relatively rare
B) culture of honor; some forms of aggression are more common
C) norm of "machismo"; aggression is more common and more lethal
D) ethos of cooperation; aggression has become evolutionarily maladaptive
Q3) ________ is to aggression as ________ is to cooperation.
A) Cognitive dissonance; empathy
B) Dehumanization; empathy
C) Rewards; punishment
D) Self-justification; self-affirmation
Q4) Explain the nature of the gender differences in aggression in humans.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures
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168 Verified Questions
168 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Gordon Allport (1954) described stereotyping as "the law of least effort," he was suggesting that stereotypes arise
A) from personal experience.
B) to help us conserve cognitive energy.
C) at the service of the ego.
D) to justify objectionable actions quickly and easily.
Q2) Prejudice may be maintained by ________ normative rules.
A) the rejection of B) conformity to C) the avoidance of D) ignorance of
Q3) Getting more women into science, technology, and engineering is a major goal for the U.S.A study (Hewlitt, Luce, & Servon, 2008) found that one of the main reasons that women left these jobs was which of the following?
A)being given too many job responsibilities
B)having too many other women coworkers
C)having too little structure to their schedules
D)being sexually harassed
Q4) What is stereotype threat, why does it arise, and what are the consequences?
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Chapter 14: Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your friend claims to be an animal lover but constantly wears fur and leather.How can you use the techniques designed by Aronson and his students (1992) to change your friend's behavior?
Q2) According to information in your text, at what income level does happiness become stable no matter how much more money a person makes?
A)when they are making at least $100,000 a year
B)when that person becomes a millionaire
C)when that person is making enough money to afford the necessities
D)when they are making an income above the national average
Q3) You do not have the time or money to assess the recycling attitudes of residents in a neighborhood, and neither do you have the resources for a media campaign designed to change residents' attitudes toward recycling.Based on research conducted in Fairfax County, Virginia, what should you do to increase recycling in your community?
A) Find "model households" that recycle and reward the residents.
B) Increase utility rates for those who do not recycle.
C) Provide free containers to hold recycled materials.
D) Give those households that recycle a rebate on their utility bills.
Q4) What is the role of money in determining how happy a person will be?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Social Psychology and Health
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92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is FALSE?
A) People with fatal illnesses such as AIDS and terminal cancer may still maintain a sense of control over the consequences of their illness.
B) When a disease is poorly understood (e.g., AIDS), people in the culture may come to see it as a sign of moral weakness.
C) A sense of perceived control fosters psychological adjustment to serious illness.
D) A sense of perceived control affects only psychological adjustment and has no effect on physical symptoms.
Q2) Six months ago, a nursing home started a program in which some residents were allowed to choose their daily activities.All else being equal, which of the following residents is likely to die soonest?
A) Edgar, who participated over the entire course of the program
B) Ruth, who recently joined the program
C) Martha, who recently dropped out of the program
D) George, who never participated in the program
Q3) Describe the gender differences in coping styles.Discuss why such a difference might exist, and what the implications for health are.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Social Psychology and the Law
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93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research presented in your text on the own-race bias has shown that in general, people are better at recognizing faces of people
A) who are white.
B) who are similar in age and race to themselves.
C) of the same gender as themselves.
D) who look distinctive or unusual in some way.
Q2) When a crime happens quickly and under poor viewing conditions, what stage of memory processing is most likely to be hindered?
A) acquisition
B) storage
C) retrieval
D) reconstruction
Q3) The authors of your text present evidence that suggest that witnesses who can identify a suspect in a lineup in under ________ are probably more likely to correctly identify the suspect.
A) one hour
B) ten minutes
C) one minute
D) ten seconds
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Page 18