Group Dynamics
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Group Dynamics explores the psychological and social processes that occur within and between groups, examining how individuals influence and are influenced by others in various group settings. This course covers key theories and concepts such as group formation, cohesion, leadership, decision-making, conflict resolution, and communication patterns. Through case studies, experiential activities, and critical discussions, students gain an understanding of both the constructive and destructive aspects of group behavior. By analyzing real-world examples, learners develop practical skills for effective group participation and leadership, enhancing their ability to contribute to and manage teams in academic, organizational, and social contexts.
Recommended Textbook Group Dynamics 7th Edition by Donelson R. Forsyth
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Group Dynamics
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Q1) According to Dunbar (2008),the best size for a community of humans is A)4.7.
B)12
C)80-100.
D)140-150.
E)200-300.
Answer: D
Q2) You note that Don is the leader,LaDelle complies with the group's norms,and Don is well-liked by LaDelle but not by Gregory.You are describing the group's A)structure.
B)entitativity.
C)interaction.
D)goals.
E)cohesiveness.
Answer: A
Q3) A group that is experiencing conflict will likely lose its cohesiveness and disband. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Studying Groups
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Q1) As applied to group dynamics research, the Hawthorne effect suggests
A)sociometric methods should be used whenever possible.
B)research should be conducted,whenever possible,in the laboratory.
C)group processes cannot be understood using observational methods.
D)people may act differently when they know they are being studied.
Answer: D
Q2) Durkheim,a sociologist,believed that groups were not real and therefore,that researchers should only study the behavior of individuals,not groups.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Dr.Bynamic studies group performance by watching same- and mixed-sex groups in the library,and recording how much time they spend talking versus studying.Bynamic is using a(n)___ measurement method.
A)survey
B)experimental
C)observational
D)participant observation
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Inclusion and Identity
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Q1) Judy does not know Roy,but she does know Don,who knows Roy.Judy's relationship to Roy is termed
A)remote
B)two degrees of separation.
C)reciprocal
D)transitional
E)disjunctive
Answer: B
Q2) According to social identity theory,when identification takes place
A)individuals take on the stereotypical qualities of their group.
B)individuals can identify which groups they belong to and which they do not.
C)other group members identify the individual as a member.
D)each individual bonds with another group member.
E)the personal identity decreases in size.
Answer: A
Q3) Social categorization is a controlled process where individuals consider and evaluate their membership and status within groups.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Formation
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Q1) Use studies of the relationship between extraversion and happiness AND cultural studies of shy individuals' social evaluations to develop a marketing pitch for a company that helps introverts become more extraverted.
Q2) Self-evaluation model states that to protect self-esteem,people tend to avoid those who outperform them in areas closely that are self-relevant.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Affiliation brings people into contact with each other,and attraction bonds individuals into groups.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Schachter found that when subjects who expected to receive painful shocks were asked if they wanted to wait alone or with others,___ chose to affiliate.
A)none
B)more than half
C)only a few
D)all
Q5) Compare the "fight-or-flight" theory to the "tend-and-befriend" theory.
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Chapter 5: Cohesion and Development
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Q1) For a group to have high collective efficacy
A)the leader must feel that the group is capable of success.
B)group members must feel they can do what it takes to succeed.
C)members must be confident.
D)members must work well together.
Q2) Which statement describes a group at the orientation,or forming,stage of development?
A)Members tend to go along with whatever the leader suggests.
B)Members challenge the leader's ideas.
C)Members rely on each other.
D)The group encourages high performance and quality work.
E)The members identify duties and responsibilities.
Q3) Compare these five bases of cohesion: social cohesion,task cohesion,collective,emotional,and structural cohesion.
Q4) ____ is greater in noncohesive groups than in cohesive groups.
A)Intermember attraction
B)Intermember cooperation
C)Acceptance of deviancy
D)Conformity pressure
Q5) How did Herb Brooks increase the cohesiveness of the U.S.Olympic Hockey Team?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Structure
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Q1) Apply balance theory to the analysis of a group with the following interpersonal structure: A likes B,B likes A but dislikes C,C likes D and E,D likes E and E likes D but dislikes A
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of norms?
A)Shared among group members,rather than personal idiosyncratic beliefs.
B)Describe how most members act,feel,and think.
C)Set the standards for expected behaviors.
D)Often taken for granted by members.
E)Flexible and change rapidly over time as new members join the group.
Q3) The likelihood that different people will occupy the task and relationship roles in the group increases when the group is A)cohesive.
B)informally,rather than formally,structured.
C)experiencing conflict.
D)working to achieve group goals.
E)heterogeneously gendered.
Q4) You work in a large organization as a manager of a staff of six people.What kinds of role conflicts might you and your staff experience,and what steps could you take to avoid these conflicts?
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Chapter 7: Influence
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Q1) When the first ballot is taken,the vote is 9 to 3 in favor of guilty.According to the text,the group's final verdict
A)will probably be innocent.
B)will probably be no decision.
C)will probably be guilty.
D)cannot be predicted.
Q2) Schachter found evidence of a curvilinear relationship between time and communication
A)whenever a deviant was in the group.
B)whenever the deviant refused to conform.
C)in some groups in the relevant,cohesive condition.
D)in the time pressures,cohesive condition only.
Q3) Harry is meeting with his group and all the other members share an opinion that he does not agree with.Harry argues his position and the group tries to change his mind.Name at least four possible different ways in which Harry can react to the group's pressure.
Q4) As groups increase in size,conformity tends to increase,but at an ever-decreasing rate.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Power
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Q1) Giving power to a person increases the likelihood that they will adopt a wait and see attitude since their need for power has been satisfied.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most of the participants in the Milgram experiment
A)did not take the situation seriously.
B)did not think they were harming the learner.
C)struggled to resist the orders of the experimenter.
D)did not notice the harm they were causing.
E)enjoyed the part the played in the research study.
Q3) Blass (2000)discovered that most people,when they consider the sources of power of the experimenter in the Milgram experiment,rank his ___ power lowest.
A)reward
B)referent
C)coercive
D)normative
E)legitimate
Q4) You must design a group.Will you make the authority structure hierarchical and why?
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Chapter 9: Leadership
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Q1) The Lewin/Lippitt/White research demonstrated that
A)laissez-faire led groups spent more time working than other groups.
B)autocratically led groups spent more time working when the leader was absent.
C)autocratically led groups displayed more aggression.
D)democratically led groups were clearly superior.
Q2) The Ohio State Studies identified which of the following leadership dimensions?
A)Concern and initiating communication
B)Consideration and initiating structure
C)Goal emphasis and interaction support
D)Work facilitation and assertiveness
E)Task (initiating structure)and relationship (consideration)
Q3) Compare and contrast a transactional leader versus a transformational leader.
Q4) Alice is a ___ leader: she lets her employees know what is expected of them.She organizes her work force,sets definite standards for performance,and gives frequent feedback of employee progress.
A)least preferred
B)relationship oriented
C)task oriented
D)production focused
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Chapter 10: Performance
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Q1) Discuss at least three different studies that have tested the basic question: Does the presence of other people facilitate or inhibit performance.
Q2) Social loafing occurs most often when individuals are highly motivated to achieve the group goal.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Apply Steiner's process model of group performance to explain the productivity of a group of people working together taking a multiple-choice test.
Q4) According to Zajonc,for ___ tasks the presence of others ___ performance.
A)simple;detracts from B)conjunctive;detracts from C)complex;enhances D)simple;enhances
E)conjunctive;enhances
Q5) Studies suggest that social loafing can be avoided if A)group members are reminded to "give their all."
B)individuals' contributions to the group product are identifiable. C)group members are trained to better coordinate their combined efforts. D)the leader is strong.
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Chapter 11: Teams
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Q1) Use the Marks,Mathiew,and Zaccaro model of team processes to identify the problems experienced by the second case hospital,Chelsea Hospital,studied by Pisano,Bohmer,and Edmondson (2001).
Q2) A team of ___ will likely be the most satisfying for members and the most productive.
A)all Type A personality types
B)all Type B personality types
C)equal numbers of Types As and Type Bs
D)Type Bs with a minority of As
E)Type As with a minority of Bs
Q3) Moreland's studies of team training suggest that when group members train individually,they more quickly develop a durable and comprehensive transactive memory.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Teams have collective goals;to some degree,success and failure occurs at the group level.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare a cross-functional team to a multiteam system.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Decision Making
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Q1) Individuals,during group discussion,spend more of their time introducing new topics for discussion rather than reviewing items of information that are widely known by the group.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following does not belong with the others?
A)self-censorship
B)atmosphere of unanimity
C)mindguards
D)desire for success
Q3) Groupthink is
A)an increase in conformity pressures in mobs.
B)a decision making method used to facilitate creativity.
C)a pooling-of-information method of group problem solving.
D)the deterioration of mental and group efficiency.
Q4) The ODDI process model assumes groups move through four stages of group decision making: Organizing,Debating,Disseminating,and Integrating.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why are meetings not as effective as they should be?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Conflict
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Q1) A person who always chooses the cooperative option in the prisoner's dilemma will always receive the highest reward.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Compare and contrast soft,hard,and principled negotiation styles.
Q3) Balance theory predicts that tension is greatest when group members
A)do not know if they like or dislike each other.
B)agree with each other and like each other.
C)disagree about what procedures to use.
D)disagree with each other and like each other.
E)dislike each other.
Q4) Frank dislikes Dinah,for she has many qualities that bother Frank-she is sloppy,moody,and interrupts him.Dinah dislikes Frank,for she thinks he is a bore.These feelings create ___ conflict when they are assigned to the same project at work.
A)personal
B)task (substantive)
C)process (procedural)
D)mixed-motive
E)intergroup
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Chapter 14: Intergroup Relations
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Q1) Which of the following is more likely?
A)When an outgroup member behaves heroically,Ed says "that is just the kind of people they are."
B)When an outgroup member robs a bank,Eds says "times are hard,aren't they?"
C)When an ingroup member steals,Ed says "He took some money from someone else."
D)When Ed sees an outgroup member sporting an unusual tattoo,Ed says "what a weird dude."
E)When an outgroup member steals,Ed says "I thought those people were honest."
Q2) Which of the following does not belong with the others?
A)Decategorization
B)Recategorization
C)Dehumanization
D)Cross-categorization
Q3) Greed,anonymity,and fear contribute to groups being more competitive than individuals.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is "realistic" about conflicts between groups,according to realistic group conflict theory?
Q5) Briefly describe the jigsaw technique.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Groups in Context
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Q1) Work characterized as highly specialized and requiring the flexibility for collaboration and privacy is best accomplished in a hive setting.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Use Wicker's concept of staffing to describe the dynamics of an understaffed and overstaffed group,and members reactions to these staffing levels.
Q3) Replacing leaders and decreasing communication are common responses to overstaffing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Group members,when they must work in a hot room,are likely to A)show signs of increased hostility.
B)be energized by the experience and become more productive.
C)spend more time in the room than they need to complete the task.
D)report enjoy sharing the odors that are characteristic of such spaces.
E)report feeling elated.
Q5) Compare and contrast personal space,group space,and territoriality.
Q6) What is the secret to surviving,as a group,in an extreme and unusual environment?
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Chapter 16: Growth and Change
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Q1) Don reports to a therapist's office where his degree of functioning is measured.Afterwards the therapy course is explained to him,and then Don signs a form agreeing to the goals of the group members are trying to achieve.Don is most likely in a cognitive-behavioral therapy group.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Interpersonal psychotherapy groups stress dealing with issues that occur within the group itself,rather than reviewing what the members are experiencing outside of the group or what they experienced in the past.This focus is usually referred to as a(n)___ orientation.
A)"power of now"
B)"here and now"
C)"then and there"
D)"us not them"
E)"we and me"
Q3) You are experiencing a personal problem and decide to seek help.What group-level options do you have?
Q4) Compare Freud's concepts of group psychotherapy to the humanistic approach.
Q5) What are the advantages of group treatment compared to individual treatment?
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Chapter 17: Crowds and Collectives
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Q1) Which of the following does not fit with the others?
A)gatherings
B)audiences
C)queues
D)riots
Q2) Use the concept of relative deprivation to explain why people join social movements.
Q3) Which of the following does not fit with the others?
A)crowds
B)crazes
C)fads
D)fashions
Q4) College students dye their hair blue.A rumor spreads across the country that a fast food chain puts worms in the hamburgers.Members of fraternities loot a resort community.An audience applauds the play.These incidents are all examples of A)crowds.
B)collective processes.
C)fads.
D)deindividuation.
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