Foundations of Medical Imaging Technology
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental principles and technologies underpinning modern medical imaging. Students will explore the physics, instrumentation, and methodologies of major imaging modalities including X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine. Emphasis is placed on image formation, contrast mechanisms, data acquisition, and the interpretation of imaging results. The course also addresses safety considerations, quality assurance, and the evolving role of medical imaging in clinical diagnosis and research. By laying a strong theoretical and practical foundation, students will be well-equipped for advanced study or careers in medical imaging and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Digital Radiography An Introduction for Technologists 1st Edition by Euclid Seeram
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Digital Radiography: An Overview
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Q1) The major components of PACS include image acquisition devices, a PACS computer, devices called interfaces, and display workstations, all of which are connected and linked to the HIS and RIS through digital communication networks.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) As a display medium, the optical range and contrast for film are ____________________ and limited.
Answer: fixed
Q3) A high-end computer is the heart of the PACS system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The ____ refers to the sensitivity of the film to radiation.
A) film speed
B) OD
C) fog density
D) film density
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Digital Imaging Processing Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) The purpose of the ____ class of processing is to generate an image that is more pleasing to the observer.
A) image restoration
B) image analysis
C) image compression
D) image enhancement
Answer: D
Q2) The classical sine wave is a continuous function that can be converted into a discrete function, both of which will generate two categories of images, namely, analog and ____________________ images.
Answer: digital
Q3) Where do MRIs acquire data from the patient?
A) spatial frequency domain
B) horizontal location domain
C) horizontal frequency domain
D) spatial location domain
Answer: A
Q4) Temporal averaging involves averaging a set of images to reduce image ____________________.
Answer: noise
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Chapter 3: Computed Radiography: Physics and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Post-processing deals with shading corrections, pattern recognition, and exposure field recognition.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following CR systems incorporates a single fixed IP encased in a special housing that forms a stationary part of the unit?
A) cassette-based
B) photodetector
C) cassette-less
D) film-screen
Answer: C
Q3) The maintenance of equipment is an integral part of the daily activities in _____________________ since it is considered a component of a continuous quality improvement program.
Answer: radiology
Q4) In general, the greater the bit ____________________, the better the density resolution of the image.
Answer: depth
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Effective Use of Computed Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Except for special extremity plates from ____, all plates are basically made from the same barium fluorohalides and are coated to the same thickness.
A) Agfa
B) Fuji
C) Kodak
D) Konica
Q2) If the exposure field is not recognized, the off-focus radiation and scatter outside the exposure field become part of the ____________________.
Q3) The exposure latitude of a digital detector is substantially lower than screen-film.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If the receptor is overexposed by a factor of ____, one would assume that the patient received an equally high exposure.
A) 2X
B) 3X
C) 4X
D) 5X
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Chapter 5: Flat-Panel Digital Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Image processing is not intended to correct poor images due to routine errors that are made during image ____________________.
Q2) The ____________________ technology was developed as a dedicated system specifically for imaging the chest.
Q3) The charge from each pixel in a row is transferred to the next row and subsequently down all the columns to the final ____________________ row.
Q4) While indirect detectors use a phosphor, direct detectors use a(n)____________________.
Q5) Which of the following deals with the efficiency of a detector to convert the x-radiation signal at its entrance window into useful image signal?
A) MTF
B) DQE
C) SNR
D) a-Se
Q6) In imaging, the goal is to obtain good ____________________ information in the image.
Q7) The narrower the LSF, the better the ____________________ resolution.
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Chapter 6: Digital Fluoroscopy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____ changes the image contrast and the ____ changes the brightness of the image.
A) WW; WL
B) WL; WW
C) DSA; WL
D) DSA; WW
Q2) A pre-contrast image, referred to as a(n)____________________ image, is first obtained and post-contrast images are then digitally subtracted from the mask image.
Q3) At the heart of a digital fluoroscopy imaging system is a(n)____________________ computer, a minicomputer system capable of receiving dynamic digital data from the ADC and processing it quickly for image display and subsequent storage.
Q4) Which of the following was developed to solve the image quality problems imposed by the fluoroscopic screen of the early fluoroscopes?
A) flat-panel digital radiography
B) computed radiography system
C) image intensifier tube
D) flat panel dynamic detector
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Chapter 7: Digital Mammography
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Q1) Which of the following algorithms can produce digital mammograms very similar to standard screen-film mammograms but is limited by its operator dependence?
A) manual intensity windowing
B) histogram-based intensity windowing
C) mixture-model intensity windowing
D) contrast-limited adaptive histogram
Q2) What is the only DM system that has not been approved by the FDA, even though this system is being used in Japan and in Europe as well?
A) Fuji Contrast-Enhanced
B) General Electric Senograph
C) Fuji Computed Radiography
D) Fischer Imaging
Q3) Film is processed using a chemical processor to render the latent image
Q4) Image processing algorithms allow the human to pick up initial lesions and suspicious patterns.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The ____________________ is central to a DM imaging system.
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Chapter 8: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
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Q1) The primary function of the IHE integration profiles is to outline the roles of actors in the DICOM and ____________________ environment.
Q2) Which of the following offers the specification of strict requirements on the contents of the image header and the form of the pixel data itself for each type of modality, thereby improving interoperability?
A) ACR
B) DICOM
C) TCP/IP
D) COTS
Q3) Which of the following are described in terms of matrix size, inherent spatial resolution, bit depth, number of slices, study sizes, and overall image quality?
A) computer networks
B) storage servers
C) image data sets
D) image acquisition modalities
Q4) At low ____________________ ratios (8:1 or less), the loss of image quality is such that the image is still visually acceptable.
Q5) PACS workstations and their use is that of workstation ____________________.
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Chapter 9: Medical Imaging Informatics: An Overview
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Q1) Hardware is the physical components used to process data and software is the computer programs that direct all hardware components to solve problems and thus derive useful practical solutions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Display systems in the ____ environment fall into two categories: cathode-ray tubes (CRTs)and liquid crystal displays (LCDs).
A) MII
B) PACS
C) DICOM
D) HIS
Q3) The informatics infrastructure and knowledge-base management section address the use of software tools to manage image processing and visualization, communications, graphical user interface, and data and knowledge.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The term ____________________ is a relatively new term and was derived from the term information.
Q5) Data transmission requires some sort of ____________________ to do the task.
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Chapter 10: Quality Control for Digital Radiography
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Q1) For cassette-based systems, the duration of erasure could be too short or the intensity of the erasure could be too low, perhaps from burned out erasure
Q2) If the operator interface to the machine is extremely complex, ____________________ errors will increase exponentially.
Q3) ____ includes all those activities undertaken to get an indication of how well the imaging operation is working.
A) QA
B) AT
C) IT
D) QC
Q4) Radiographic images do not include the patient's name and date of birth; instead, a unique patient identification number is used as the file header.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Automatic rescaling contributes to a common misconception that in DR exposure ____________________ selection is irrelevant to the appearance of the image.
Q6) At extremely high contrast, any DR image will appear ____________________.
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