Exercise Science
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Exercise Science explores the scientific principles underlying human movement, physical activity, and exercise. This course covers topics such as anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, and nutrition as they relate to exercise and performance. Students will learn how the body responds and adapts to physical activity, the role of exercise in health promotion and disease prevention, and foundational techniques for assessing and improving physical fitness. Through both theoretical learning and practical applications, this course prepares students to apply evidence-based strategies for designing effective exercise programs and promoting overall well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy 6th Edition by Lynn S. Lippert PT MS
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Basic Information
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a condition involves both of the legs,which of the following terms best describes this situation?
A) Unilateral
B) Ipsilateral
C) Bilateral
D) Contralateral
Answer: C
Q2) When the scapula moves into a protracted position,they move in what direction in relation to the spine?
A) Superior
B) Inferior
C) Medial
D) Lateral Answer: D
Q3) The ulna is where in relation to the humerus?
A) Medial
B) Lateral
C) Proximal
D) Distal Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Skeletal System
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Q1) The type of bone that makes up most of the appendicular skeleton is the A) irregular bone.
B) flat bone.
C) long bone.
D) sesamoid bone.
Answer: C
Q2) A bone marking that consists of a hollow or depression is called a A) foramen.
B) crest.
C) head.
D) fossa.
Answer: D
Q3) Which type of bone makes up the dense,hard outer shell?
A) Compact bone
B) Cancellous bone
C) Marrow
D) Periosteum
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Articular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Forearm pronation occurs in which plane and around which axis?
A) Transverse plane through a transverse axis
B) Transverse plane through a vertical axis
C) Sagittal plane through a frontal axis
D) Frontal plane through a sagittal axis
Answer: B
Q2) A biaxial joint allows motion in how many directions?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) None of the above
Answer: B
Q3) A broad,flat tendinous sheet is called
A) linea alba.
B) aponeurosis.
C) elastic cartilage.
D) labrum.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Arthrokinematics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Motions occurring within the joint that are necessary for joint motion but are not under voluntary control are called
A) osteokinematic movement.
B) accessory movement.
C) springy block.
D) manipulation.
Q2) The type of arthrokinematic motion characterized by linear movement of a joint surface parallel to the plane of the adjoining joint surface is which of the following?
A) Roll
B) Spin
C) Glide
D) Shear
Q3) The type of arthrokinematic motion characterized by rotation of one surface on a fixed adjacent surface is called
A) roll.
B) spin.
C) glide.
D) Any of the above
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Chapter 5: Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of lower extremity functional activity occurs in a closed chain manner.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The type of muscle contraction that occurs with fixed speed,fixed resistance,and no joint motion is
A) ISOK.
B) ISOM.
C) ISOT.
D) tenodesis.
Q3) A contraction that causes no joint movement while producing muscle fiber tension is
A) ISOK.
B) ISOT.
C) ISOM.
D) eccentric.
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Chapter 6: Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The white fatty substance present in the central nervous system (CNS)and peripheral nervous system (PNS)that serves to increase the speed of impulse conduction is called
A) myelin.
B) the node of Ranvier.
C) a neuron.
D) a tract.
Q2) At which level of the spinal column is damage to the spinal cord no longer a concern?
A) C7
B) T8
C) T10
D) L1
Q3) A person with weakness of knee extension has damage to which of the following nerves?
A) Radial nerve
B) Median nerve
C) Femoral nerve
D) Common peroneal nerve
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8
Chapter 7: Circulatory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lymphatic system functions to do all of the following EXCEPT
A) collect extracellular fluid.
B) filter bacteria and waste products.
C) exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen.
D) assist to maintain adequate blood volume and pressure.
Q2) A type of cerebral hemorrhage that occurs in a vein with symptoms that occur over time is which of the following?
A) Epidural bleed
B) Ischemic bleed
C) Varicose bleed
D) Subdural bleed
Q3) A circulatory pathology characterized by inflammation of a vein is which of the following?
A) Aneurysm
B) Phlebitis
C) Embolism
D) Occlusion
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9
Chapter 8: Basic Biomechanics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The type of machine that consists of a grooved wheel that turns on an axle with a rope or cable is a(n)
A) movable pulley.
B) wheel and axle.
C) fixed pulley.
D) inclined plane.
Q2) Two forces acting in equal but opposite directions and resulting in a turning effect is called a
A) stabilizing force.
B) dislocating force.
C) moment of force.
D) force couple.
Q3) If a PTA wishes to manually resist the knee extensors for an athlete and wishes to make the exercise as difficult as possible for the client,the best placement of her hand would be which of the following?
A) Proximal to the knee joint
B) Just distal to the tibial tuberosity
C) Midpoint of the tibia
D) Just proximal to the talus
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Shoulder Girdle
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Sample Questions
Q1) The bony landmark of the scapula that exists where the vertebral and axillary borders meet is the
A) superior angle.
B) inferior angle.
C) spine.
D) acromion process.
Q2) If shoulder girdle retraction is the desired motion,which two muscles are agonists in this motion?
A) Pectoralis minor and pectoralis major
B) Levator scapula and upper trapezius
C) Middle trapezius and rhomboids
D) Serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi
Q3) Winging of the scapula is caused by weakness of which shoulder girdle muscle?
A) Pectoralis minor
B) Levator scapula
C) Serratus anterior
D) Middle trapezius
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Chapter 10: Shoulder Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are asked to palpate for tenderness at the coracoid process of the scapula.If you locate tenderness at this spot,the patient may have soft tissue inflammation at the origin of which of the following muscles?
A) Teres major
B) Coracobrachialis
C) Pectoralis major
D) Long head of the biceps brachii
Q2) The pectoralis major,latissimus dorsi,and teres major have which of the following shoulder motions in common?
A) Horizontal abduction
B) Adduction
C) Lateral rotation
D) Flexion
Q3) Damage to which of the following nerves could result in weakness of the infraspinatus muscle?
A) Radial nerve
B) Musculocutaneous nerve
C) Axillary nerve
D) Suprascapular nerve
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Elbow Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) The elbow flexor that is most effective (strongest)with the forearm in the neutral position is which of the following muscles?
A) Biceps brachii
B) Brachioradialis
C) Brachialis
D) Coracobrachialis
Q2) Which muscle originates on the humeral lateral condyle and inserts on the radial styloid process?
A) Brachioradialis
B) Flexor carpi radialis
C) Pronator teres
D) Pronator quadratus
Q3) Elbow extension occurs in which plane and through which axis?
A) Transverse plane through a vertical axis
B) Frontal plane through a sagittal axis
C) Sagittal plane through a frontal axis
D) Transverse plane through a transverse axis
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13
Chapter 12: Wrist Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) The three wrist extensors are innervated by which nerve?
A) Median nerve
B) Ulnar nerve
C) Radial nerve
D) Musculocutaneous nerve
Q2) Paralysis of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves?
A) Median nerve
B) Ulnar nerve
C) Radial nerve
D) Musculocutaneous nerve
Q3) When the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris contract simultaneously,which motions are neutralized?
A) Flexion and extension of the wrist
B) Radial and ulnar deviation
C) Wrist circumduction
D) None of the above
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Chapter 13: Hand
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Q1) Which muscle originates on the scaphoid,trapezium,and flexor retinaculum and inserts on the proximal phalanx of the thumb?
A) Abductor pollicis brevis
B) Opponens pollicis
C) Flexor digiti minimi
D) Abductor digiti minimi
Q2) Which type of grip is used to grasp the rim of a wheelchair?
A) Lumbrical grip
B) Pincer grip
C) Cylindrical grip
D) Spherical grip
Q3) Which muscle originates on the flexor digitorum profundus tendon and inserts on the tendon of the extensor digitorum muscle?
A) Palmar interossei
B) Dorsal interossei
C) Flexor pollicis brevis
D) Lumbricales
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15
Chapter 14: Temporomandibular Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle originates on the styloid process of the temporal bone and inserts on the hyoid bone?
A) Geniohyoid
B) Stylohyoid
C) Sternohyoid
D) Omohyoid
Q2) Which prime movers of the TMJ are innervated by the facial nerve?
A) Temporalis
B) Masseter
C) Lateral pterygoid
D) None of the above
Q3) All of the following muscles are prime movers in mandibular elevation EXCEPT the A) lateral pterygoid.
B) medial pterygoid.
C) temporalis.
D) masseter.
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Chapter 15: Neck and Trunk
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle originates on the transverse processes of the cervical vertebra and inserts on the first and second ribs?
A) Sternocleidomastoid
B) Scalene
C) Splenius capitis
D) Splenius cervicis
Q2) The facet joints of the lumbar spine primarily run in which plane to allow good spinal flexion and extension?
A) Frontal plane
B) Sagittal plane
C) Transverse plane
D) A and C
Q3) A common type of fracture seen in those with osteoporosis is which of the following?
A) Hangman's fracture
B) Compression fracture
C) Spondylolisthesis
D) Torticollis
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Chapter 16: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person attempting to catch her breath will often place the upper extremities in a closed chain position.Which principle of muscle action accounts for why this is effective?
A) Active insufficiency of the diaphragm
B) Passive insufficiency of the diaphragm
C) Reversal of muscle action of the muscles of the shoulder complex
D) Force couple is formed with the internal and external internal intercostals.
Q2) Patients in hospitals will often use an instrument called an incentive spirometer to assist in fully expanding the lungs after surgery or prolonged bedrest.This has the patient focus on deep inspiration and activates all of the following muscles EXCEPT the
A) diaphragm.
B) external intercostals.
C) scalenes.
D) rectus abdominis.
Q3) Another term for forced expiration is
A) air hunger.
B) pneumothorax.
C) pleurisy.
D) reversal of muscle action.
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18
Chapter 17: Pelvic Girdle
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Sample Questions
Q1) The bony landmark on the ischium that is posterior and located between the greater and lesser sciatic notches is the
A) tuberosity.
B) auricular surface.
C) spine.
D) posterior inferior iliac spine.
Q2) The pelvic force couple that combines to maintain a level pelvis when the left leg is unsupported during the gait cycle is which of the following?
A) Left trunk lateral benders and right hip abductors
B) Right trunk lateral benders and left hip abductors
C) Left trunk lateral benders and left hip abductors
D) Right trunk lateral benders and right hip abductors
Q3) The rotation of the pelvis just before the right foot begins stance phase is
A) anterior left rotation.
B) anterior right rotation.
C) posterior left rotation.
D) posterior right rotation.
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19
Chapter 18: Hip Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) The bony landmark of the femur located medially and posteriorly on the proximal end is called the
A) lesser trochanter.
B) greater trochanter.
C) medial condyle.
D) linea aspera.
Q2) All of the hamstring muscles are innervated by the sciatic nerve EXCEPT the A) long head of biceps femoris.
B) short head of biceps femoris.
C) semitendinosus.
D) semimembranosus.
Q3) Which muscle originates on the pubis and inserts on the medial proximal tibia?
A) Adductor longus
B) Rectus femoris
C) Adductor brevis
D) Gracilis
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Chapter 19: Knee Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle has its origin at the anterior inferior iliac spine and its insertion at the tibial tuberosity?
A) Sartorius
B) Rectus femoris
C) Vastus intermedialis
D) Vastus medialis
Q2) Your patient tells you that he is bowlegged.The proper medical terminology for this is
A) genu valgum.
B) genu varum.
C) genu recurvatum.
D) coxa vara.
Q3) Descending the stairs and leading with the right foot,the right quadriceps muscles are performing which type of muscle contraction?
A) Concentric
B) Eccentric
C) Isometric
D) Isokinetic
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21
Chapter 20: Ankle Joint and Foot
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your patient had a short leg cast that was too tight and bruised the superficial peroneal nerve.You would expect weakness in which of the following muscles?
A) Extensor digitorum longus
B) Anterior tibialis
C) Peroneus longus
D) Gastrocnemius
Q2) The supporting ligament on the medial side of the ankle joint is called the A) spring ligament.
B) deltoid ligament.
C) lateral ligament.
D) plantar aponeurosis.
Q3) Which muscle originates on the posterior tibia and fibula and inserts on the posterior calcaneus?
A) Gastrocnemius
B) Soleus
C) Plantaris
D) Flexor digitorum longus
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Chapter 21: Posture
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Sample Questions
Q1) In observing standing posture,you note a flattened longitudinal arch of the foot.You would document this as which of the following?
A) Pes planus
B) Pes cavus
C) Claw toe
D) Hammer toe
Q2) Postural sway is a normal phenomenon that is largely controlled by gravity and which of the following muscle groups?
A) Quadriceps and hamstrings
B) Hip extensors and flexors
C) Ankle plantar flexors and dorsiflexors
D) Ankle invertors and evertors
Q3) For optimal lateral view standing posture,a plumb line should be aligned with all of the following landmarks except
A) through the earlobe.
B) through the acromion process of the shoulder.
C) the anterior to the greater trochanter.
D) the posterior to the patella.
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23
Chapter 22: Gait
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Sample Questions
Q1) You measure a person's leg lengths and note that there is a difference of <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inch.You inform your patient that this is an atypical finding.What would be a typical range for leg length discrepancy?
A) <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> inch or less
B) <sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inch or less
C) <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inch or less
D) Typical is the legs being exactly the same length
Q2) A normal width of walking base measured from the midpoint of each heel is
A) <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inch.
B) 1 inch.
C) 3 inches.
D) 6 inches.
Q3) A verbal cue that you could give a patient with poor balance to improve their gait safety is
A) increase the cadence.
B) decrease the step length.
C) increase the width of walking base.
D) B and C
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Page 24