Ethnography and Fieldwork Final Exam
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of ethnographic research methods and the practice of fieldwork within the social sciences. Students will learn to design, conduct, and analyze ethnographic studies, employing participant observation, interviews, and other qualitative techniques to gain insights into the cultural practices and social dynamics of diverse communities. Emphasis will be placed on the ethical challenges, reflexivity, and practical considerations inherent in immersive fieldwork, as well as on the interpretation and presentation of ethnographic data. Through readings, hands-on projects, and critical discussion, students will develop the skills necessary to conduct independent field research and to critically engage with ethnographic texts.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 4th Canadian Edition by Barbara D. Miller
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15 Chapters
1776 Verified Questions
1776 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Nature of Anthropology
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do descriptive linguists try to describe?
A) the patterns and structure of grammar and sentence formation in languages
B) how speakers use their language to relate to one another
C) how language changes the way people understand their surroundings
D) how rules of grammar evolved
Answer: A
Q2) Anthropology has existed as a distinctive discipline in Western society for at least 2,000 years.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which of the following would NOT be an area of research interest to linguistic anthropologists?
A) studying the way that language is a resource for developing culture
B) ranking languages according to their effectiveness in transmitting culture
C) tracing genealogical relationships among languages
D) examining how people use language to maintain social distinctiveness
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: The Nature of Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Hutterite colonies in Western Canada?
A) The colonies are stratified,based on age.
B) The colonies are stratified based on gender.
C) The colonies are polygamous,with most men having more than one wife.
D) Young people are baptized in their early to mid-twenties.
Answer: C
Q2) Which statement most accurately describes the social position of First Nations people in Canada in relation to the Canadian population as a whole?
A) They are non-Canadian citizens.
B) They are diverse and distinct subcultures.
C) They are distinct cultures within Canadian society.
D) They are incompletely integrated communities.
Answer: C
Q3) Cross-cultural studies show that homicide rates mostly decline after the death penalty is abolished.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Beginnings of Human Culture
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The transition to bipedalism probably occurred in a context where primates spent a lot of time in the trees but ventured out periodically onto the open savannah.What advantage did bipedalism give primates that promoted this transition?
A) the ability to leap between trees more effectively
B) the ability to hide from predators
C) the ability to free their hands for a variety of purposes
D) the ability to locate plant foods more effectively
Answer: C
Q2) Hominins acquired their erect bipedal posture long before they evolved highly developed and enlarged brains.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which of the following learned behaviours has been observed among chimpanzees?
A) making tools by stripping branches to use as a "fishing rod" for termites
B) making simple clay pots to get water for drinking
C) an infant breaking open a birds nest to get eggs
D) wooden "spear" fishing
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Language and Communication
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are a non-English-speaking linguist using a minimal-pair test to study the sound system of English.You pronounce two short words that are exactly the same except for one sound: "bat" and "vat." Then you ask your informants if the difference in sound has any effect on meaning.They say,"Of course-wouldn't you prefer to have your dinner cooked in a vat instead of a bat?" What are these two sounds examples of?
A) phonemes
B) vocal qualifiers
C) vocal segregates
D) morphemes
Q2) Explain and critique the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
Q3) Which of the following best defines the term "oral literature"?
A) any form of print literature that is delivered orally
B) any form of folktale which is transmitted orally or delivered by word of mouth
C) any form of verbal art which is transmitted orally or delivered by word of mouth
D) any form of literature that is captured on tape
Q4) What problems have been encountered in attempting to understand the origins of language?
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6
Chapter 5: Making a Living
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Sample Questions
Q1) What can we conclude about the notion of "progress" when we consider our use of fossil fuels and their link to global warming?
A) Progress is an evolutionist force that will always help us win out over nature.
B) Global warming will present new agricultural opportunities that outweigh the negative consequences.
C) All human adaptations are part of larger systems that present advantages and disadvantages and have consequences that no one is exempt from.
D) Science and progress will allow us to discover our negative impacts and correct them for the benefit of our future.
Q2) The technological changes that every culture makes over time are solid evidence that all humans are progressing and that progress is a universal human value.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Of all the people who have ever lived,90 per cent have been foragers.
A)True
B)False
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Economic Systems
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Contrast the consumption demands of small-scale cultures such as foragers with those of modern nations such as Canada and China.
Q2) How is the wealth and vitality of a deceased Trobriand man's lineage measured?
A) by the value in cash of his house and all of his family's lands
B) by the number of sons he has
C) by the banana-leaf bundles and skirts distributed at his funeral
D) by the number of wives he had
Q3) The "feminization" of farming in rural China over the past two decades is a strong sign of women's growing economic influence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following best defines "barter"?
A) generalized trade in goods and services
B) the exchange of everyday goods by two groups
C) the exchange of scarce items for desirable goods
D) balanced reciprocity between richer and poorer groups
Q5) Discuss the role of First Nations groups as intermediaries in the fur trade in Canada.
Q6) Describe the working conditions and specialized skills of Afar salt miners.
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Chapter 7: Sex and Marriage
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the preferred form of marriage around the world?
A) polygyny
B) monogamy
C) polyandry
D) polygamy
Q2) What is the only legal form of marriage in Canada today?
A) polygamy
B) monogamy
C) polygyny
D) polyandry
Q3) Why have traditional healers in Africa become part of the health delivery system,despite negative Western attitudes toward African traditional healing?
A) They were seeking training to become doctors themselves.
B) Modern AIDS drugs have been derived from many plant compounds used by these healers.
C) They have the backing of local political authorities.
D) They were already there and had existing trust relationships;they could relieve some symptoms and were willing to alter some of their procedures to minimize spreading infection.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Family and Household
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In North American children,self-awareness tends to lag behind children in other cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which statement best describes the defining characteristic of the North American family?
A) No other family structure is valued more than the nuclear family.
B) New forms of family structures have supplanted the nuclear family.
C) No particular family structure is preferred.
D) The patriarchal family remains dominant.
Q3) From a First Nations perspective,what is one of the requirements for self-government?
A) that they isolate themselves from non-Aboriginal Canadians
B) that more university education be made available to Native youth who still live on reserves
C) that the Department of Indian Affairs be dismantled and eliminated
D) that Native people be given control of their own public health surveillance technologies
Q4) Explore the linkages between the contemporary Canadian family and the economic system of industrial capitalism.
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Chapter 9: Kinship and Descent
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112 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following descent groups is membership traced through either males or females?
A) matrilineal
B) patrilineal
C) unilineal
D) ambilineal
Q2) In Canada,the size of our kin group is not a matter of personal choice.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Where was the Terra Amata complex located?
A) It was located on a mountainside with a view.
B) It was located in a sheltered forest.
C) It was located on an island.
D) It was located on a beachfront property.
Q4) Anglo-Canadian culture uses Eskimo kinship terminology.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the correlation between kinship terminology,the roles people take in families,and broader social expectations.
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Chapter 10: Social Stratification and Groupings
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Symbolic indicators may NOT always be reliable in helping you assess someone's class status.Which of the following is an example of this?
A) a group of businessmen plays golf at their club once a week
B) a working-class mobster may acquire wealth and appear to be a wealthy professional businessman
C) three women have lunch together in the Holt Renfrew restaurant every Tuesday and Thursday
D) a cabdriver stops at a Burger King to have a hamburger and to read the Toronto Sun
Q2) What do we generally find behind the notion of race?
A) a reasonable means of classifying human physical variation
B) a justification for exploitation
C) the mechanism of the evolutionary theory
D) a concept that accompanies and parallels culture
Q3) What is one of the weaknesses in the conflict theory of stratification?
A) The theory ignores such factors as personal choice.
B) Conflict theory does not take into account ethnic differences.
C) Conflict theory overemphasizes intellectual and physical abilities.
D) The theory ignores the importance of globalization.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Political Organization and the Maintenance of Order
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among the Slavey,social control over the group was maintained by military groups commanded by warrior chiefs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In centralized culture groups,antisocial behaviour is usually dealt with in a court system through formal negative sanctions involving abstract rules and the use of force.What is the primary aim of these sanctions?
A) to help the victim
B) to renew social relations between victim and perpetrator
C) to prevent witchcraft from being used
D) to assign blame and punish
Q3) The oldest form of political organization is the state.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the Kapauku tonowi's political role?
A) headman of the village
B) keeper of the sacred shells
C) war chief
D) to act as a senior senator
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Religion and the Supernatural
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is the Inuit myth of Sedna,the sea goddess,regarded by the Inuit?
A) as a story about imaginary events
B) as frivolous entertainment,much like a children's television cartoon
C) as analogous to a historical document of the Inuit past
D) as irrelevant to their lives in the modern world
Q2) What is one of the Wiccan beliefs?
A) Satanism
B) monotheism
C) animism
D) sorcery
Q3) A "nightmare" witch personifies that society's conception of evil.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which type of religious ceremonies helps groups get through crises such as drought or some other external threat?
A) rites of intensification
B) holy revolutions
C) services of rebellion
D) rituals of passage
Q5) What are the similarities and differences between religion and witchcraft?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Arts
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do modern,progressive museums engage their visitors?
A) They provide copies of all the artifacts for people to handle.
B) They provide each visitor with a personal guide.
C) They provide food and beverages in the display area.
D) They provide interactive experiences using both indoor and outdoor spaces.
Q2) The historical account of Louis Riel as a treasonous rebel is a legend rather than an accurate account of his actions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Whether useful or not,what does all art express?
A) the creative imagination and the symbolic representation of form
B) a fundamental human capacity for religious expression
C) the innate need to be impractical
D) economic domination of minorities by elites
Q4) What is the most common location for piercing one's body?
A) the ear cartilage
B) the earlobe
C) the nipple
D) the nose
Q5) Discuss the issues surrounding funding for and censorship of the arts in Canada.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Anthropology at Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do the publications of applied anthropologists differ from those of academics?
A) They do not contribute theoretical insight of academic value.
B) They are considered biased because they are funded by a particular client.
C) They are published in internal reports rather than in books and journal articles.
D) They are published as public documents without copyrights.
Q2) How might applied anthropologists contribute to the understanding of disability studies?
A) They could help determine whether or not an individual is disabled.
B) They could study the delivery of medical services to cultural minorities with disabilities.
C) They could help design mobility aids for the disabled.
D) They could study the law pertaining to cultural minorities with disabilities.
Q3) A forensic archaeologist is a physical/biological anthropologist who works with law enforcement agencies to determine the age,sex,and identity of unidentified human bones.
A)True
B)False
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16
Chapter 15: Cultural Change and the Future of Humanity
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What impact has the change from subsistence farming to cash crops had?
A) Farmers have been able to enlarge their holdings and feed their families more effectively.
B) Subsistence farmers have been forced to relocate to urban areas or to ecologically poor farm lands.
C) There has been a net increase in proteins available.
D) There has been a more stable food supply.
Q2) The Snowmobile Revolution means that Norwegian reindeer herders are increasingly dependent on the outside world.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following was NOT one of the consequences of the adoption of snowmobiles?
A) a deep dependence on the outside world for snowmobiles,spare parts,and fuel
B) out-migration of Skolt men to find wage work
C) reliance on government pensions and welfare
D) a more egalitarian society with an emphasis on sharing resources
Q4) Cultural loss refers to the total extinction of a culture.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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