Course Introduction
Environmental Science Test Questions
Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary field that explores the complex interactions between humans and the natural environment. This course provides a comprehensive overview of key topics including ecosystems, biodiversity, natural resources, pollution, climate change, and sustainable development. Students will examine the scientific principles underlying environmental processes, analyze the impact of human activities on the Earth, and evaluate solutions to current environmental challenges through critical thinking and problem-solving. The course encourages the development of informed perspectives on environmental issues and prepares students to contribute to sustainable environmental stewardship.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Oceanography 10th Edition by Alan P. Trujillo
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16 Chapters
1029 Verified Questions
1029 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Planet Earth
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Sample Questions
Q1) galaxy layer and solid inner layer
A)gaseous and dusty space cloud
B)rich in ferromagnesian minerals, between crust and core
C)composed of iron and nickel, liquid outer
D)Big Bang
E)outermost portion of the Earth, basalt and granite
F)Milky Way
G)solar winds
Answer: F
Q2) The four principle oceans of the Earth are the:
A) Atlantic, Arctic, Mediterranean, and Pacific Oceans.
B) Atlantic, Arctic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans.
C) Atlantic, Antarctic, Mediterranean, and Pacific Oceans.
D) Antarctic, Caspian, Indian, and Pacific Oceans.
E) Antarctic, Arctic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans.
Answer: B
Q3) Heterotrophic organisms manufacture their own food using sunlight energy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor
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59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) At divergent plate boundaries, only shallow focus earthquakes can be found.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Deep-sea trenches are found at convergent plate boundaries.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Fossils of ancient polar plants are currently found near the equator because the:
A) entire earth had polar conditions at the time the plants were living.
B) plants lived near the poles, but land masses have drifted to current locations.
C) plants probably were tolerant of both tropical and polar conditions.
D) plants were distributed to current locations by ancient glacial ice sheets.
E) poles were at the equator at times in the geologic past.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Marine Provinces
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Sample Questions
Q1) A sediment-laden current that flows off of the continental shelf is called a turbidity current.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Hydrothermal vents are seafloor cold seeps with high concentrations of sulfur and salts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Subduction zones appear to remain nearly stationary over long periods of time.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q4) Oceans with passive plate margins have continental slopes with more gradual slopes than oceans with active plate margins.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Marine Sediments
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is the calcite compensation depth (CCD) related to the world-wide distribution of calcareous oozes.
Q2) Phosphate nodules are found on the continental shelf.
A)True
B)False
Q3) manganese nodules
A)terrigenous sediment
B)biogenous sediment
C)hydrogenous sediment
D)cosmogenous sediment
Q4) Sediments which are poorly sorted and made of a variety of minerals could have been deposited by:
A) a glacier.
B) a river delta.
C) turbidity currents.
D) a volcanic eruption.
E) the wind.
Q5) A glacial deposit is well-sorted.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Water and Seawater
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Sample Questions
Q1) Water is the only naturally occurring substance that exists in all three states of matter simultaneously (ice, water, and water vapor).
A)True
B)False
Q2) Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:
A) contains hydrogen bonds.
B) exists in three phases at the earth's surface.
C) is a polar molecule.
D) is a universal solvent.
E) requires heat to condense.
Q3) A rapid change in ocean density with change in depth is the:
A) barocline.
B) halocline.
C) isocline.
D) pycnocline.
E) thermocline.
Q4) The latent heat of vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Air-Sea Interface
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Sample Questions
Q1) With respect to incoming solar radiation, radiation emitted back into the atmosphere has:
A) a longer wave frequency.
B) a longer wavelength.
C) a shorter wave period.
D) a shorter wavelength.
E) the same wavelength.
Q2) Discuss uneven solar heating as a function of latitude and how this contributes to the formation of global wind belts.
Q3) The wind belt(s) with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is (are) the:
A) doldrums
B) horse latitudes.
C) polar easterlies.
D) trade winds.
E) westerlies.
Q4) The greenhouse gas that accounts for most of the natural greenhouse effect in Earth's atmosphere is carbon dioxide.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Ocean Circulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The source of some deep ocean water masses can be identified by the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water mass.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A)Agulhas Current
B)Benguela Current
C)California Current
D)Canary Current
E)West Australian Current
Q3) Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current?
A) deeper current
B) increased current velocity
C) intensification in subtropical latitudes
D) narrower current
E) All of the above statements are true of western boundary currents.
Q4) The Mediterranean Sea has little influence on the water of the Atlantic Ocean.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Waves and Water Dynamics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Constructive interference results in larger waves while destructive interference produces:
A) capillary waves.
B) rouge waves.
C) smaller waves.
D) swells.
E) tsunamis.
Q2) Compare and contrast wind-generated waves and internal waves. Include in your answer a discussion of the forces that generate each wave type and the properties of each wave type (size, period, wavelength, etc.).
Q3) A shallow water wave must form in water depth less than 100 meters.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A deep-water wave occurs when the water depth is equal to:
A) the fetch.
B) wave height.
C) wavelength.
D) ½ of wavelength.
E) 1/20 of wavelength.
Q5) Compare shallow water and deep water waves.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Tides
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the Earth is at its greatest distance from the sun, it is said to be at:
A) apogee.
B) aphelion.
C) perigee.
D) perihelion.
E) proxigean.
Q2) Water flowing out of an enclosed basin due to the tides is called:
A) ebb current.
B) flood current.
C) neap tide
D) spring tide.
E) tidal bore.
Q3) The seaward flow of water due to tidal forces through an inlet is called ebb current.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The maximum tidal range in the Bay of Fundy is on the order of 15 meters.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe tides in an open ocean basin.
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Chapter 10: The Coast: Beaches and Shoreline Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The distinction between a<b> barrier island </b>and a <b>sea island</b> is:
A) barrier islands are erosional coastal features whereas sea islands are depositional coastal features.
B) barrier islands are less affected by storm surge and erosion in a storm than sea islands.
C) barrier islands are most common on the west coast of the U.S, in contrast to sea islands which are common on the west and east coast of the U.S.
D) barrier islands are transient depositional features whereas sea islands have bedrock foundations.
E) barrier islands are typical of secondary coasts where biological processes modify the original coastline and sea islands are more of a feature associated with primary coasts.
Q2) The most biologically productive part of a salt marsh would be the:
A) barrier flat.
B) dune.
C) high marsh.
D) low marsh.
E) lagoon.
Q3) Discuss the seasonal migration of sand on a beach.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: The Coastal Oceans
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Sample Questions
Q1) Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A)bar-built
B)coastal plain
C)fjord
D)reverse
E)tectonic
Q2) Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A)coastal plain
B)highly stratified
C)salt wedge
D)slightly stratified
E)vertically mixed
Q3) The Law of the Sea Treaty is an international agreement which gives the United Nations control of the ownership of coastal waters.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Bioremediation involves the use of microorganisms to degrade pollutants such as crude oil.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Marine Life and the Marine Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stenothermal organisms are likely to be found in deep open ocean water.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Osmotic pressure increases as the:
A) difference in salinity decreases.
B) difference in salinity increases.
C) difference in temperature increases.
D) salinity increases.
E) temperature increases.
Q3) Discuss the modern taxonomic classification of living organisms and include in your answer the distinction between a Domain and a Kingdom.
Q4) The majority of marine species are associated with the pelagic environment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Draw and label a cross-section of the marine environment and include the following biozones: the <b>neritic province</b> (supralittoral, littoral, sublittoral, bathyal, abyssal, and hadal zones) and the <b>oceanic province </b>(epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, and abyssopelagic zones).
Q6) Discuss osmotic balance in freshwater and saltwater fishes.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Biological Productivity and Energy Transfer
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Sample Questions
Q1) An area of the open ocean where the rate of primary productivity is very low is referred to as a(n):
A) atrophic zone.
B) eutrophic area.
C) oligotrophic area.
D) photic zone.
E) polytrophic area.
Q2) The efficiency of trophic transfers in ecosystems is on average around:
A) 75%.
B) 50%.
C) 30%.
D) 10%.
E) 5%.
Q3) Bacteria that make their own carbohydrates by obtaining energy from chemical compounds and not directly from the sun are:
A) chemoautotrophs.
B) cyanobacteria.
C) heterotrophs.
D) phytoplankton.
E) protists.
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Chapter 14: Animals of the Pelagic Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) The California gray whale is unusual because it stirs up bottom sediment in order to feed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following are adaptations to life in the epipelagic zone <b>except</b>:
A) gas-filled bladders.
B) increased density.
C) increased surface area.
D) long appendages.
E) spines.
Q3) The migration routes of marine fishes and mammals are well known by man.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they:
A) cannot rotate their anterior flippers backward.
B) cannot rotate their anterior flippers forward.
C) have external ears.
D) have a short neck.
E) use their posterior flippers for swimming.
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Chapter 15: Animals of the Benthic Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two dominant organisms of the rocky shore found high on the rocks of the intertidal zone are:
A) buckshot barnacle and rockweed.
B) goose barnacle and mussel.
C) keyhole limpet and Irish moss.
D) periwinkle snail and kelp.
E) sea anemone and hermit crab.
Q2) The buttress zone of a coral reef is likely to have which variety of coral?
A) boulder corals
B) delicate plate corals
C) gorgonian corals
D) massive branching corals
E) rounded and smooth corals
Q3) Species diversity is highest in coral reef communities.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast the primary production (producers) in a sea grass and a coral reef including in your answer a typical energy pyramid for both ecosystems.
Q5) Discuss the role of sea urchins in kelp forest ecosystems.
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Chapter 16: The Oceans and Climate Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) A decrease in global atmospheric temperature is caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide by the world's oceans.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Changes in the relative position of the Earth's tectonic plates and resultant climate are reflected in the paleoclimate record contained in glacial ice and sea floor sediments.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sea surface temperatures have remained unchanged in the past 50 years.
A)True
B)False
Q4) There is a significant positive correlation with sunspot activity and mean global temperature.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Worldwide retreat of mountain glaciers has not been absorbed to date.
A)True B)False
Q6) Describe the role of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Page 18
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