Educational Measurement and Evaluation
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Educational Measurement and Evaluation is a comprehensive course that explores the principles, methods, and tools used to assess student learning and educational outcomes. It covers foundational concepts in both measurement such as reliability, validity, and standardization and evaluation, including formative and summative assessment strategies. Students will learn how to design, implement, and interpret various assessment instruments like tests, quizzes, and rubrics, as well as alternative evaluation methods such as portfolios and performance tasks. Emphasis is placed on ethical practices, data analysis, and utilizing assessment results to inform instructional decisions and improve educational effectiveness.
Recommended Textbook
Educational Research Competencies for Analysis and Applications Global Edition 11th Edition by
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Educational Research
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Q1) In a causal-comparative study that examines differences in psychomotor skills between young, suburban, middle-class Hispanic children and young, urban, middle-class Caucasian children, the dependent variable is A) Hispanic.
B) psychomotor skills.
C) urban.
D) middle class.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following illustrates Aaron, a qualitative researcher, collecting data for an ethnographic study on alternative schooling.
A) Aaron sends out surveys to directors of alternative schools.
B) Aaron examines achievement measures of students enrolled in alternative schools.
C) Aaron invites students from alternative schools to visit him and conducts interviews.
D) Aaron goes to an alternative school and volunteers on the staff.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Selecting and Defining a Research Topic
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Q1) The following are characteristic of a good research problem EXCEPT
A) The problem has theoretical or practical significance.
B) The problem can be investigated through the collection and analysis of data.
C) The problem can be investigated within a set period of time.
D) The problem is investigates what individuals should do.
Answer: D
Q2) Servio is particularly interested in how families react to an initial learning disability diagnosis. Unfortunately he needs more participants than there are actual new diagnoses in his school. Therefore, in the design of his study he proposes to tell parents that their children have been tested and diagnosed as learning disabled and will conduct an interview with the parents to get their initial reactions. However, the children will not have been diagnosed. His advisor tells him that he cannot conduct the study. Of the following what is the likely reason why.
A) The study is too broad.
B) The study is not ethical.
C) The study is not relevant.
D) The study is too narrow.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Reviewing the Literature
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Q1) Rudo is interested in researching leadership styles of elementary principals in rural districts. Which of the following keywords would be best for him to use in a database search?
A) Rural schools
B) Principals' style
C) Elementary schools
D) Principals' leadership style
Answer: D
Q2) The annotating process is conducted
A) with the oldest references first.
B) with the most recent references first.
C) with the review articles first.
D) with the primary sources first.
Answer: B
Q3) The first step in conducting a literature search is
A) to identify the journals you will search.
B) to identify keywords related to the research.
C) to select the database you wish to search.
D) to specify a search strategy.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Preparing and Evaluating a Research Plan
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Q1) Where in the method section of a research plan should a researcher place any assumptions and limitations of a study?
A) Participants
B) Materials
C) Procedure
D) Design
Q2) In which of the following quantitative research plan sections is the description of the research participants generally presented?
A) Introduction
B) Method
C) Data analysis
D) Appendix
Q3) Allie is writing a title for her qualitative study of elementary student experiences with guided inquiry in science. According to the text, what is the importance of a good title?
A) It will persist through the study and any publications.
B) It provides a frame of reference for the researcher.
C) It conveys the analysis strategies used in the study.
D) It anticipates problems that may arise throughout the study.
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Chapter 5: Selecting a Sample
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Q1) Joe is the director of middle school science education for the state and is interested in differences between teaching science content in thematic units or by teaching the content in the units as presented in the students' text. He randomly selects classrooms in the state to participate. This best illustrates
A) simple random sampling.
B) systematic sampling.
C) stratified sampling.
D) cluster sampling.
Q2) Ken randomly selected 75 students to participate in his study and then randomly assigned them to one of three conditions. When he examined his groups he found he had very unequal gender by condition. Ken's samples illustrate
A) sampling bias.
B) sampling error.
C) nonrandom sampling.
D) purposive sampling.
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Chapter 6: Selecting Measurement Instruments
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Q1) Mitch's study addresses the role of parental involvement in the classroom and the effects on student grades. In his work, final averages in the core subject areas are compared between children who are in classrooms with parent volunteers and those in classrooms with no parent volunteers. His dependent measure, final averages in core subjects, illustrates which type of assessment?
A) Cognitive
B) Aptitude
C) Attitude
D) Personality
Q2) Lori has found two measures of attitudes about technology that she thinks might work for her dissertation. She would like to examine reviews of the two instruments. From the following choices which should Lori consult for actual reviews?
A) PRO-ED
B) Tests in Print
C) Mental Measurements Yearbooks
D) ETS test collection
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Chapter 7: Survey Research
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Q1) Seth sends out a survey to all parents and teachers in the district to gather opinions about local school safety. Seth's study is an example of ________ survey research.
A) cross-sectional
B) trend
C) cohort
D) panel
Q2) One of the primary benefits of interview survey methods is
A) a relative decrease in administration time.
B) that they allow for confidentiality and anonymity.
C) that the return rate is usually high.
D) the relative ease of scoring procedures.
Q3) The advantages of a telephone survey data collection include
A) less expense.
B) less training.
C) ability to obtain depth in data.
D) quick data collection.
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Chapter 8: Correlational Research
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Q1) Which of the following cannot be a correlation coefficient?
A) -.80
B) 0.0
C) .72
D) 2.1
Q2) A Pearson r correlation is best used for data that is expressed as
A) ordinal and continuous.
B) only rank.
C) only ordinal.
D) only continuous.
Q3) Gretchen wanted to see whether, given a sample of teachers' that graduated from colleges and Universities, GPA in college was related to starting salary as a teacher. Which correlation coefficient should Gretchen calculate?
A) Pearson r
B) eta
C) Kendall's tau
D) Spearman rho
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Chapter 9: Causal-Comparative Research
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Q1) All of the following are relative weaknesses of causal-comparative research when compared with other forms of quantitative research EXCEPT
A) lack of randomization.
B) manipulation of independent variables.
C) time to conduct the study.
D) control of research variables
Q2) Given the following design, identify the most probable example of the study from the descriptions below. E X O C O
A) Susan compares mathematics achievement scores between those students who received after school instruction and those who did not.
B) Susan compares number self-esteem levels of children who are in ability grouped versus non-ability grouped classrooms.
C) Susan examines the relationship between school violence incidences and number of children in a typical class.
D) Susan describes how fathers and mothers feel about moral education curriculum legislation.
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Chapter 10: Experimental Research
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Q1) A study that investigates the effects of three different types of instruction (text only, text with pictures, text with animation), and spatial ability (high, low) would be symbolized as a
A) 2 x 2 factorial design.
B) 3 x 2 factorial design.
C) 2 x 3 factorial design.
D) Solomon four-group design.
Q2) Jorge studies the effects of mnemonic training on learning vocabulary. He randomly assigns half of the students to a no treatment control group and assigns the others to a mnemonic training group. He assesses students at the end of the study and compares how many words they know. Which of the following designs is Jorge best illustrating?
A) Pretest-posttest control group design
B) Nonequivalent group control group design
C) Posttest-only control group design
D) Time series design
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Chapter 11: Single-Subject Experimental Research
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a type of multiple baseline design?
A) Across behavior designs
B) Across subjects designs
C) Across settings designs
D) Across baseline designs
Q2) Kim learns about the graphing strategy that Bryce used with a patient with brain injury in a single-subject study. Kim wants to replicate the study with her patient who scratches until she causes herself injury. The type of replication that Kim's use of the graphing strategy illustrates in this case is
A) direct replication.
B) transfer replication.
C) systematic replication.
D) clinical replication.
Q3) In single-subject research, the most important type of significance is
A) generalized significance.
B) statistical significance.
C) effect size significance.
D) clinical significance.
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Chapter 12: Narrative Research
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Q1) Marty is a narrative researcher interested in teachers who are children of teachers. He identifies participants and collects the stories of the role that their parents as teachers provided to them and the ways in which their parent's occupation shaped their own career path. He analyzes common themes and creates a description that applies across the stories. In so doing, which of the following types of narrative research is Marty best displaying?
A) Narrative analysis
B) Narrative critique
C) Analysis of narrative
D) Interpretive narrative
Q2) Ken is a narrative researcher. Of the following, which is the most likely purpose for his study of multiethnic classrooms?
A) To help the school create policies to assist incoming students
B) To understand a teacher's experiences in a dynamic multiethnic classroom
C) To correlate student performance with teacher experiences teaching in multi-ethnic schools
D) To examine differences in student achievement by teacher ethnicity in multiethnic schools
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Chapter 13: Ethnographic Research
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Q1) Xavier is an ethnographer studying doctor/patient relations. As a certified Physician's Assistant, he agrees to donate some of his skills in the weekend clinic in return for the opportunity to conduct his study. By agreeing to donate hours in the weekend clinic to gain access for his study, Xavier is best illustrating
A) reciprocity.
B) tolerance for ambiguity.
C) triangulation.
D) maintaining rapport.
Q2) Qing is an ethnographic researcher interested in understanding the culture of youth track and field athletics. He needs to focus on behaviors that will help him to do so. Which of the following is something Qing will attend to?
A) Ethnographic understanding
B) Deductive reasoning
C) Narrative reasoning
D) Cultural understanding
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Chapter 14: Case Study Research
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Q1) Which of the following describes the end result of a case study?
A) Brief
B) Narrative
C) Report
D) Case
Q2) Which of the following represents a topic most suitable for study using case study methodologies?
A) Do students in Germany experience different motivational orientations than students in the United States?
B) How is the NCLB legislation changing teacher education at Adaptive University?
C) Are there differences in teacher preparation between Japan and the United States?
D) Is there a relationship between NCLB legislation and teacher stress?
Q3) Which of the following is the most common form of sampling in case study research?
A) Random
B) Convenience
C) Purposive
D) Cluster
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Chapter 15: Mixed Methods Research
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Q1) Jordon conducts interviews and observations at several residential camps. She finds that the first-time camping experience seems to vary considerably based upon birth order. She uses birth-order as a nominal variable as she analyzes her satisfaction survey results. Jordon is best displaying which type of mixed-methods designs?
A) Convergent parallel
B) Explanatory sequential
C) Exploratory sequential
D) Social justice
Q2) Of the following, which is a characteristic of qualitative research methods?
A) Qualitative researchers employ deductive approach.
B) Qualitative researchers describe relationships.
C) Qualitative researchers focus on cause-effect relationships.
D) Qualitative researchers identify hypothesis to test.
Q3) Dalina, a mixed methods researcher, first identifies the purpose of the study she will conduct. Next she will
A) state the design of the study.
B) state the research questions.
C) determine which data will have more weight.
D) begin to collect initial data.
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Chapter 16: Action Research
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Q1) Nina is engaged in the action research process for a study that considers the role of oral reading during instruction. She is considering the educational values that she holds. In which phase of the action research process is Nina currently engaged?
A) Identifying an area of focus
B) Data collection
C) Data analysis and interpretation
D) Action planning
Q2) Marcus, a new coach, is concerned with the ways in which summer football camp is conducted. Although he is very cautious about the amount of water breaks and rests he employs, he is concerned the athletes may become seriously injured during football camp. Marcus decides to conduct an action research study on the issue. Marcus starts to look into the history of football camp at the school and how the camp developed over time. Marcus is involved in which phase of reconnaissance?
A) Application
B) Description
C) Explanation
D) Self-reflection
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Chapter 17: Descriptive Statistics
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Q1) A small deviation indicates that
A) there are a small number of data points.
B) the median score is relatively small.
C) the variance in scores is small
D) there are a number of missing data points.
Q2) Given the following test scores, what can be said regarding their distribution? 92, 92, 73, 68, 80, 82, 91, 86, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97.
A) It resembles a normal distribution
B) It is negatively skewed.
C) it is positively skewed.
D) It is unimodal.
Q3) Claus received a raw score of 86. Given that the test had a mean of 88, and a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following best represents Claus's z score?
A) -1.5
B) -.5
C) .5
D) 2.5
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Chapter 18: Inferential Statistics
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Q1) In determining the test of significance to select, one must consider all of the following EXCEPT
A) number of groups being compared.
B) number of independent variables.
C) the effect sizes needed.
D) scale of measurement represented by data.
Q2) As standard error of the mean increases
A) population mean decreases.
B) sample mean increases.
C) sampling error increases.
D) sample mean decreases.
Q3) The statistical test that allows us to determine the degree to which variables are related is
A) ANCOVA.
B) MANOVA.
C) Multiple regression.
D) Chi Square.
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Chapter 19: Qualitative Data Collection
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Q1) Lakyle's study explores social interactions among adult workers with mental disabilities. She uses observation as her primary data collection method. Which of the following research sites is likely MOST pertinent to Lakyle's study?
A) The assembly room where participants work
B) Transportation of individual participants to work
C) Participants classroom type training experiences
D) Participants interactions with their caregivers about work
Q2) Damir is a music educator interested in successful high school jazz programs. He goes to work as a 'new' teacher at a high school with a high-ranking jazz program. He works with the students and with the music educator at the school while exploring the jazz program. Given this scenario, which of the following research sites is likely MOST pertinent to Damir's study?
A) The teachers' lounge in the music wing of the building
B) The Jazz programs' concerts
C) The Jazz programs' practice sessions
D) Individual student lessons with the Jazz instructors
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Chapter 20: Qualitative Data Analysis and Interpretation
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Q1) Making sense of what data mean is termed _______________.
A) interpretation
B) analysis
C) examination
D) classifying
Q2) Tamar is studying the inclusion of religion in secular schools. He has coded much of his notes, and has made copies of the originals. One problem he has faced, however, is that some of his notes are illegible. Tamar's problem is best categorized as a problem in data
A) interpretation.
B) coding.
C) organization.
D) classification.
Q3) Karobi wants to assure he has credible qualitative data for his study on violent and aggressive student behaviors during lunch sessions. Which of the following questions might he ask himself regarding the data?
A) Does my study lend itself to generalization?
B) Do the findings inform policy?
C) What biases might have influenced my observation?
D) What competing hypothesis might I test?
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Chapter 21: Preparing a Research Report
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Q1) As part of the hypothesis statement in a research report, A) the variables are operationally defined.
B) the procedures of the study are clearly conveyed.
C) the instruments used in the study are described.
D) previous findings from related research are documented.
Q2) One benefit of Zotero over other reference management systems is that Zotero A) can be used with references that are not in English and other systems cannot. B) has the ability to handle more citations than does any other system.
C) can be used for both Mac and any other computer systems.
D) is free while other management systems are commercially available.
Q3) The definition of important terms is found in the __________ section of a research report.
A) statement of problem
B) method
C) results
D) discussion
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Chapter 22: Evaluating a Research Report
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Q1) Ron is reviewing a qualitative study. Which of the following should be of concern to his review?
A) Is the inductive logic applied to the data to produce results stated in detail?
B) Is the rationale for variable selection described?
C) Were any control procedures used to equate the groups on extraneous variables?
D) Are sources of invalidity associated with the design identified and discussed?
Q2) Cindy conducted a path analysis for her thesis. She is most concerned about addressing which of the following questions in her report?
A) Is a rationale given for selection of predictor variables?
B) Are the qualifications and special training of the interviewers described?
C) Was the level of inter-observer reliability obtained from at least two independent raters?
D) Were groups randomly formed and the use of existing groups avoided?
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