Education Research Methods
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Education Research Methods introduces students to the foundational techniques and methodologies used in educational research. The course covers both qualitative and quantitative research designs, data collection strategies, statistical analyses, and the ethical considerations inherent to conducting research within educational settings. Students will learn how to critically review existing research, formulate research questions, design and implement studies, and effectively interpret and present findings. Emphasis is placed on developing practical skills to apply research methods to real-world educational problems and settings, preparing students to contribute to evidence-based practice and policy development in education.
Recommended Textbook
The Practice of Social Research 14th Edition by
Earl R. Babbie
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Chapter 1: Human Inquiry and Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) Quantification is a process that often makes observations
A) more general.
B) more specific.
C) neither general nor specific.
D) more idiographic
E) more nomothetic.
Answer: B
Q2) Samantha has concluded that living in a coed residence hall makes residents more androgynous.As she continues her research,she tends to focus on events and situations that fit this pattern.Which error in inquiry is reflected?
A)inaccurate observation
B)illogical reasoning
C)overgeneralization
D)selective observation
E)immature observation
Answer: D
Q3) Qualitative data tends to be richer in meaning than quantified data.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Paradigms,theory,and Social Research
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Q1) Which one of the following statements best summarizes the role of deduction and induction?
A)Deduction is the preferred approach.
B)Induction is the preferred approach.
C)In practice, scientific inquiry involves an alternation between deduction and induction.
D)In practice, scientific inquiry involves primarily one or the other approach.
E)In practice, scientific inquiry involves the use of both at the same time.
Answer: C
Q2) Beginning a research study after developing a theory and learning all that is known about it prior to observation is following what logical system?
A)deductive theory
B)inductive theory
C)structural functionalism
D)grounded theory
E)ethnomethodology
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: The Ethics and Politics of Social Research
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Q1) Malik is planning to perform a research study in which he asks college students about their sexual behavior.What ethical issue will be of greatest concern to him?
A)voluntary participation
B)no harm to participants
C)deception
D)analysis
E)reporting
Answer: B
Q2) Ethical constraints on researchers only extend to their subjects.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Any agency wishing to receive federal funds for research must establish an Institutional Review Board (IRB).
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Research Design
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Q1) A second researcher decides to select a LARGE sample of citizens in a community to interview before a new factory is built in the community.This researcher does not believe there is a need to re-interview these citizens at a later date.This researcher has engaged in _________ research design.
A)trend
B)cross-sectional
C)panel
D)age
E)cohort
Q2) Causality can be established by only proving correlation and nonspuriousness
A)True
B)False
Q3) In order to receive an honorable or dishonorable discharge from the military,you must be in the military.In terms of the discharge type,being in the military is a(n)
A)necessary cause.
B)sufficient cause.
C)exceptional cases cause.
D)majority of cases cause.
E)military cause
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Chapter 5: Conceptualization, operationalization, and Measurement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Precision and accuracy are synonyms.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In testing a new survey that he developed,Marcus asked his introduction to sociology class to fill out the survey for extra credit,and then a week later asked the same class to take the survey again.Marcus was testing the exam's
A) validity.
B) face validity.
C) conceptualization.
D) precision.
E) reliability.
Q3) Validity refers to the link between the operational and conceptual definitions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) It is ethical to frame questions in favor of your position as long as you openly admit to the bias.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Indexes, scales, and Typologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Scales and indexes are which level of measurement?
A)nominal
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio
E)They can be at all levels of measurement.
Q2) Which one of the following is NOT one of the reasons composite measures are frequently used?
A)Many variables social scientists study have no clear and unambiguous single indicators.
B)A single data item might not have enough categories to provide the desired range of variation.
C)Indexes and scales are efficient devices for data analysis.
D)Certain theories and paradigms require composite measures.
E)There are too many indicators for efficient analysis.
Q3) It is easier to use a typology as a dependent variable than an independent variable.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare scales,indexes,and typologies.Give examples of each.
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Chapter 7: The Logic of Sampling
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Q1) To accumulate a sample of 500 telephone numbers,I decide to include every 20 telephone number in the local telephone directory beginning randomly with the letter "N." I have engaged in
A)simple random sampling.
B)snowball sampling.
C)systematic sampling.
D)stratified sampling.
E)quota selection
Q2) Sampling error reflects
A)the degree of error to be expected for a given sample design.
B)the mistakes we make in picking our sample.
C)the probability of selecting each element.
D)the degree to which our interval is incorrect in systematic sampling.
E)the probability of error expected for future samples from the same population.
Q3) The size of the population must be taken into account when deciding on sample size.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Experiments
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Q1) Among the requirements for the classical experimental design is a posttest measurement of the
A)dependent variable for both the experimental and control groups.
B)independent variable for both the experimental and control groups.
C)independent variable for the control group only.
D)dependent variable for the experimental group only.
E)independent variable for the experimental group only.
Q2) The greatest advantage of a controlled experiment lies in its ability to explain causality.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The question of internal validity refers to
A)the comparison of the results obtained for the experimental group with those obtained for the control group.
B)whether the experimental stimulus really affected the dependent variable.
C)the determination of the proper time to do the posttest.
D)the determination of the proper time to do the pretest.
E)generalizability.
Q4) Explain what is meant by internal and external validity.
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Chapter 9: Survey Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Give a comparative analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of survey research.
Q2) The question,"Do you believe that the United States should not withdraw its troops from Iraq" is problematic because
A)the respondent is not competent to answer.
B)it is a double-barreled question.
C)the respondent may not be willing to answer.
D)is a negative question.
E)it is not a short question.
Q3) Roger is training a new batch of interviewers for his project studying attitudes on the 2008 economic bailout package in the U.S.His previous supervisor has indicated that the best training for interviewing is to
A)memorize the interview protocol.
B)quiz other interviewers on the interview protocol.
C)practice interviewing on each other.
D)practice on volunteers from Roger's pool of co-workers.
E)practice alone.
Q4) The biasing effect of question wording is easily anticipated.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Qualitative Field Research
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Q1) Grounded theory
A)is an inductive approach to the study of social life.
B)involves the constant comparison of unfolding observations.
C)is a deductive approach to the study of social life.
D)is an inductive approach to the study of social life that involves the constant comparison of unfolding observations.
E)is a deductive approach to the study of social life that involves the constant comparison of unfolding observations.
Q2) _______________ research is the process whereby the disadvantaged subjects define their problems,define the remedies desired,and take the lead in designing the research that will help them realize their aims.
A)Oppression
B)Civil rights
C)Correction
D)Participatory action
E)Beneficial
Q3) How are journalism and qualitative field interviewing similar? How do they differ? Outline and describe the differences.
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Chapter 11: Unobtrusive Research
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Q1) The possibility that patterns of behavior at a group level do not reflect corresponding patterns on an individual level is known as
A)an ecological fallacy.
B)replication.
C)verstehen.
D)unobtrusive measurement.
E)hermeneutics.
Q2) To conduct his research on suicide,Emile Durkheim employed which of the following research methodologies?
A)experimental research
B)survey research
C)content analysis
D)existing statistics
E)interviews
Q3) Content analysis by definition never involves quantitative analysis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Unobtrusive research cannot be quantitative research.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Evaluation Research
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Q1) The growth of evaluation research is largely due to A)demand by clients and ethical considerations.
B)ethical considerations and social researchers' desire to make a difference.
C)social researchers' desire to make a difference and federal requirements and support.
D)federal requirements and support and demand by clients.
E)state and federal requirements to prevent lawsuits
Q2) Creating new measures for variables in evaluation research has the advantage of
A)greater possible relevance and validity to the study.
B)having known degrees of reliability.
C)enabling comparisons with other measures.
D)being less time-consuming than using an already devised measure.
E)more precision.
Q3) In most forms of evaluation research,the dependent variable is known as the program intervention.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Operationalization is not necessary in evaluation research.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Qualitative Data Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Qualitative analysis is easily taught as a series of rote procedures.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The grounded theory method begins with A)hypotheses.
B)patterns.
C)observations.
D)theory.
E)literature review.
Q3) Coding notes are developed to:
A)cover reflections about the dimensions of concepts.
B)cover relationships among concepts.
C)identify the code labels and their meanings.
D)discuss the deeper meanings of concepts.
E)do all of these choices.
Q4) Identify the two major ethical issues that are of special concern in the analysis and reporting of qualitative research.What steps can you,the researcher,take to rectify these problems? How are these ethical issues similar to,or different from,the analysis of quantitative research?
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Chapter 14: Quantitative Data Analysis
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Q1) Which two functions does a codebook serve?
A)It keeps track of how many respondents exist and keeps track of determining how many cases are coded.
B)It keeps track of determining how many cases are coded and serves as the primary guide used in the coding process.
C)It serves as the primary guide used in the coding process and serves as a guide for locating variables and interpreting codes.
D)It serves as a guide for locating variables and interpreting codes, and keeps track of how many respondents exist.
E)missing data analysis
Q2) Ethical issues still need to be considered when performing quantitative research. A)True
B)False
Q3) The number of cases omitted from a bivariate analysis because of missing data should be included in the table. A)True B)False
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Chapter 15: The Logic of Multivariate Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Roland introduced a measure of poverty to his study of drug use and chances of being arrested,it changed from a positive to a negative relationship.Poverty then is an example of a distorter variable.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which one of the following is the term used to describe a spurious relationship?
A)replication
B)explanation
C)interpretation
D)specification
E)extension
Q3) The elaboration model is NOT a simple set of procedures for analyzing data.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A partial relationship cannot be stronger than the original relationship.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Good researchers always avoid ex post facto hypothesizing.
A)True
B)False
17
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Chapter 16: Statistical Analyses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kaylee is interested in studying the relationship between gender (male,female)and religious affiliation (Catholic,Protestant,atheist,Muslim,Hindu,etc).What measure of association should she use?
A)lambda
B)gamma
C)Pearson's r
D)proportion reduction of error
E)chi-square
Q2) What is the best advice to follow when using regression analysis?
A)It is very robust-don't worry about a thing.
B)It has far too many assumptions to make it a worthwhile approach.
C)It is based on several assumptions that are seldom satisfied, so use with caution.
D)When in doubt, use curvilinear regression.
E)If one type of regression doesn't work, keep trying the other types of regression.
Q3) If an association is statistically significant it is an important relationship
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Reading and Writing Social Research
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Q1) Oral presentations at scholarly meetings are typically
A)5-10 minutes long.
B)10-15 minutes long.
C)15-20 minutes long.
D)30 minutes long.
E)45 minutes long.
Q2) Which of the following guidelines is(are)FALSE for reporting on analyses?
A)The presentation of data analyses should provide a maximum of detail without being cluttered.
B)If you're using quantitative data, present them so the reader can recompute them.
C)If you're using quantitative data, the reader needs to be able to recompute percentages in the same direction that you used in your presentation.
D)If you're using quantitative data, the reader does not need to be able to recompute percentages in the direction opposite from what you used in your presentation.
E)If you're using quantitative data, you should be clear about levels of measurement.
Q3) Why and how do researchers take their audience into account in writing a report?
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