Diagnostic Imaging
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Diagnostic Imaging is an essential course that explores the principles, techniques, and applications of various imaging modalities used in medical diagnosis. Students will gain a foundational understanding of imaging technologies such as X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine. The course covers the indications, interpretation of results, and safety considerations associated with each modality. Emphasis is placed on recognizing normal and abnormal anatomical structures, understanding image acquisition processes, and applying diagnostic imaging in clinical settings to enhance patient care and support medical decision-making.
Recommended Textbook
Computed Tomography Physical Principles Clinical Applications and Quality Control 3rd Edition
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Chapter 1: Computed Tomography: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) In computed tomography,
A)a computer is used to reconstruct images of sectional anatomy.
B)a computer is used to calculate radiation dose to the patient.
C)a computer is not required because the physicist calculates the image, which the computer then prints out.
D)special detectors are used to reconstruct sectional images.
Answer: A
Q2) 3D technique
A)Determine tissue types in computed tomography slices
B)Algorithms
C)Image storage
D)Computed tomography dose descriptor
E)Converting electrical signals into digital data
F)Surface-based rendering
Answer: F
Q3) Isodose curves are a dose descriptor used in reporting radiation doses in computed tomography.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Introduction to Computers
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Sample Questions
Q1) The word computer means a machine for solving problems.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Star networks can be applied to which of the following?
A)bus network
B)local area network
C)hierarchical network
D)ring network
Answer: B
Q3) Computer memory capacity is expressed in all of the following, except:
A)megabytes (MB)
B)gigabytes (GB)
C)terabytes (TB)
D)megagram (MG)
Answer: D
Q4) A group of 16 bits equals 1 byte.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Digital Image Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which image processing hardware is responsible for high-speed processing of the input digital data?
A)digitizer
B)image memory
C)internal image processor
D)host computer
Answer: C
Q2) Which analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is more accurate with respect to sampling an analog signal?
A)2-bit ADC
B)4-bit ADC
C)8-bit ADC
D)16-bit ADC
Answer: D
Q3) A radiograph is an example of an analog image.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Physical Principles of Computed Tomography
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Q1) All of the following apply to CT except:
A)a computer is used to reconstruct cross-sectional images of the patient
B)mathematical methods are used to reconstruct images
C)x-ray film is used as the detector
D)special detectors are used to detect x rays that have passed through the patient at multiple angles
Q2) The limitations of conventional tomography include all of the following except:
A)superimposition of structures above and below the focal plane
B)image blur from movement of the tube and film
C)contrast degradation from the open beam geometry
D)the presence of ghost images on the film
Q3) Data processing includes all of the following except:
A)raw data preprocessing
B)analog to digital conversion
C)image reconstruction
D)image storage
Q4) Conversion of the attenuation readings into a computed tomography image is accomplished by reconstruction algorithms.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Data Acquisition Concepts
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Q1) The configuration of the dual-row detector system results in faster volume coverage compared with single-row computed tomography systems.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Seventh-generation scanners use flat-panel digital area detectors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In which scanner is the apex of the fan beam located outside the detector?
A)third-generation scanner
B)fourth-generation scanner
C)fifth-generation scanner
D)sixth-generation scanner
Q4) Which generation of scanners, also called dual-source computed tomography scanners, consists of two x-ray tubes and two sets of detectors?
A)third generation
B)fourth generation
C)fifth generation
D)sixth generation
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Chapter 6: Image Reconstruction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following removes the classical star pattern (blur) of the back-projection algorithm?
I. filtered back projection
II. interpolation
III. convolution
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) Hounsfield's first scanner used _________________ beam projections acquired through a 180-degree rotation.
A)perpendicular
B)parallel
C)long
D)short
Q3) The first operation to which raw data is subjected is referred to as:
A)convolution
B)back projection
C)three-dimensional surface shading
D)interpolation
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Chapter 7: Basic Instrumentation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Software modules for computed tomography scanners are intended to: I. facilitate modification of existing packages
II. update existing software
III. revise existing software
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) Which of the following allows the technologist to alter picture contrast?
A)touch panel
B)floating keyboard alphanumerical keys
C)floppy disk drive
D)window controls
Q3) The design that incorporates the high-voltage generator on the rotating frame of the computed tomography gantry eliminates:
A)the need for long high-tension cables
B)the need for short high-tension cables
C)the detectors from within the gantry
D)the need for any cables
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Image Postprocessing and Visualization Tools
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Sample Questions
Q1) One industry standard in data transfer and connectivity is:
A)Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
B)hospital information system
C)radiology information system
D)picture archiving and communications system
Q2) The window level in computed tomography is the:
A)center of a range of computed tomography numbers
B)pixel depth
C)range of computed tomography numbers
D)center of the computed tomography matrix
Q3) The window width and window length settings for a given examination of the abdomen are 400 and 0, respectively. Which of the following is true?
A)all structures between -200 and 200 will spread through the gray scale
B)all structures between -200 and 200 will be white
C)all structures between -200 and 200 will be black
D)only those structures above 400 will have different shades of gray
Q4) Windowing is the most common image processing technique in computed tomography.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Image Quality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Metallic materials usually present as ____________ artifacts on the image.
A)streaks
B)shading
C)ring
D)band
Q2) Which of the following operator-controlled factors affects image noise?
I. kilovoltage
II. slice thickness
III. detector cell size
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) As a result of volumetric computed tomography, the scatter-to-primary ratio decreases.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Linearity can be checked by a yearly calibration test.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography
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Q1) Roentgen
A)old unit of effective dose
B)conventional unit of exposure
C)old unit of absorbed dose
D)SI unit of effective dose
E)SI unit of absorbed dose
Q2) What is the term used to describe the instrumentation and methods used to measure patient dose from a computed tomography scanner?
A)computed tomography dosimetry
B)computed tomography absorptiometry
C)radiation intensity
D)dose distribution
Q3) rad
A)old unit of effective dose
B)conventional unit of exposure
C)old unit of absorbed dose
D)SI unit of effective dose
E)SI unit of absorbed dose
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Chapter 11: Single-Slice Spiralhelical Computed
Tomography: Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Table increment and pitch are directly proportional.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ideal pitch in spiral/helical computed tomography is 2:1.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The overall goal of single-slice spiral/helical volume computed tomography is to increase the volume coverage speed compared with that of the conventional computed tomography scanner.
A)True
B)False
Q4) All of the following affect noise in spiral/helical computed tomography except:
A)beam intensity
B)beam quality
C)detector cell size
D)matrix size
Q5) A number of interpolation algorithms are used to produce the planar data set, but linear interpolation is the simplest approach.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Multislice Spiralhelical Computed Tomography:
Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Q1) An algorithm common in multislice computed tomography scanners is the Feldkamp-Davis-Kress algorithm.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following are considered cone-beam algorithms?
I. approximate algorithms
II. exact algorithms
III. opposed algorithms
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) Which of the following describes when raw data for image reconstruction can be selected on the basis of the patient's electrocardiogram?
A)cardiac reconstruction
B)gated reconstruction
C)motion reconstruction
D)timed reconstruction
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Chapter 13: Other Technical Applications of Computed
Tomography Imaging: Basic Principles
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Q1) The computed tomography simulator features all of the following notable components except:
A)flat table top with immobilization devices
B)large gantry aperture
C)smaller detector array
D)registration device
Q2) Image quality parameters in computed tomography fluoroscopy include all of the following except:
A)artifacts
B)contrast resolution
C)density resolution
D)spatial resolution
Q3) Which step in the computed tomography simulation process includes the beam placement and the treatment design that are executed with virtual simulation software?
A)planning of the treatment
B)reconstruction of the images
C)scanning of the patient
D)treatment setup
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Chapter 14: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography: Basic Concepts
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Q1) Equipment for three-dimensional image processing includes:
I. computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scanner console
II. memory and archiving computer
III. stand-alone computer workstations
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) Three-dimensional imaging has found applications in all of the following except:
A)cardiovascular surgery
B)neurosurgery
C)ultrasound-guided biopsies
D)visualization of mummies
Q3) Voxel-based processing makes determinations about each voxel and decides to what degree each should contribute to the final three-dimensional image.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the role of the radiological technologist in three-dimensional computed tomography imaging.
16
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Chapter 15: Virtual Reality Imaging
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Q1) What technique is used to virtually unroll, slice open, and display a three-dimensional model of the colon?
A)virtual cropping
B)virtual cutting
C)virtual dissection
D)virtual splicing
Q2) Computed tomographic colonoscopy is an integral tool for the examination of colorectal polyp detection.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the first step in virtual endoscopy imaging?
A)careful selection of scan parameters
B)image segmentation
C)three-dimensional rendering
D)image display
Q4) Preprocessing involves the use of all of the following except:
A)classification
B)delineation
C)image segmentation
D)noise-filtering algorithms
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Chapter 16: Positron Emission Tomographycomputed
Tomography Scanners
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Q1) The ring diameter of most clinical positron emission tomography scanners is about:
A)1 cm
B)2 cm
C)1 m
D)2 m
Q2) The most commonly used radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomographic imaging is:
A)(<sup>15</sup>O carbon monoxide)
B)(<sup>13</sup>N ammonia)
C)(<sup>11</sup>C methionine)
D)(<sup>18</sup>F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG))
Q3) An atom that has too many protons or too many neutrons or they are configured in such a way so as to render the nucleus unstable, is said to be a(n):
A)alpha particle
B)beta particle
C)radioactive atom
D)gamma atom
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Chapter 17: Computed Tomography of the Head, Cerebral Vessels,
Neck, and Spine
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Q1) Because enhancement persists for hours, at least ___________ hours should elapse after a contrasted examination before an unenhanced scan is obtained.
A)3-5
B)4-6
C)5-7
D)6-8
Q2) Indications for a computed tomographic scan of the neck include all of the following except:
A)carotid stenosis
B)goiter
C)mass
D)polyps
Q3) Coronal images are valuable for scans of the following except:
A)top of the cranial vault
B)roof of the orbit
C)skull base
D)ventricles
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Chapter 18: Computed Tomography of the Body
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Q1) The purpose of oral contrast agents is to opacify the gastrointestinal tract.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following should be performed by the technologist before the examination except:
A)explain the examination to be performed
B)explain the use of the contrast media
C)have the patient empty the bladder
D)summon the radiologist for the examination
Q3) If the patient has had a recent barium study, sufficient time should be allowed for elimination of the contrast medium.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Proper use of intravenous contrast is not important for detecting masses in the liver.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Computed tomography is the primary method for pelvic assessment. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Pediatric Computed Tomography
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Q1) Radiation exposure control can be achieved by:
I. careful review of all orders
II. coverage limited to the area of interest
III. selection of appropriate scanning parameters
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) Computed tomography is not useful in diagnosing congenital abnormalities such as scoliosis, lesions of the vertebral bodies, and osteomyelitis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Successful computed tomographic angiography in children requires optimization of scan technique and contrast administration.
A)True
B)False
Q4) For chest computed tomography, shallow breathing in the child is adequate.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Quality Control for Computed Tomography
Scanners
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Q1) Quality control tests that are effective must be objective, quantitative, and easy and can be done very quickly.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Water phantoms are not used for quality control tests.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The tolerance limit for a computed tomography number calibration quality control test is:
A)±3 computed tomography numbers
B)±5 computed tomography numbers
C)±8 computed tomography numbers
D)no tolerance limit has been established
Q4) All quality control tests should be conducted on a monthly basis.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Often a quality control program can result in reduced down time.
A)True
B)False
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