Developmental Psychology
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the patterns and processes of human growth and change across the lifespan, from conception to old age. This course examines physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development, highlighting influential theories, research findings, and current issues in the field. Topics include prenatal development, attachment, language acquisition, moral understanding, identity formation, and the impact of family, culture, and environment. Through an analysis of both typical and atypical development, students will gain insight into the complex factors that shape human behavior and learn to critically evaluate developmental research and its real-world applications.
Recommended Textbook
Children and Their Development 6th Edition by Robert
V. Kail
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2709 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: The Science of Child Development
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184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of a longitudinal approach?
A)They cannot answer questions about the continuity or discontinuity of behavior.
B)Subject dropout may alter results.
C)Results may be specific to a particular cohort.
D)Repeated testing may distort results.
Answer: A
Q2) Gesell's maturational theory most closely fits with the ideas of
A)Jean Jacques Rousseau.
B)Erik Erikson.
C)John Locke.
D)John Watson.
Answer: A
Q3) Weaknesses of longitudinal studies include all of the following EXCEPT:
A)cohort effects.
B)selective attrition.
C)practice effects.
D)inability to examine individual development over time.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Genetic Bases of Child Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is an inherited disorder caused by an extra 21<sup>st</sup> chromosome that results in mental retardation.
A)Phenylketonuria
B)Huntington's disease
C)Down syndrome
D)Turner's syndrome
Answer: C
Q2) Twins that come from a single fertilized egg that splits in two are called A)dizygotic twins.
B)monozygotic twins.
C)fraternal twins.
D)homozygous.
Answer: B
Q3) Each sperm and egg contains 46 chromosomes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn
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Sample Questions
Q1) Melody is eight weeks pregnant and wants to find out as soon as possible whether her unborn baby has any genetic disorders.Which prenatal diagnostic technique would be most appropriate to use?
A)amniocentesis
B)ultrasound
C)fetal surgery
D)chorionic villus sampling
Answer: D
Q2) The early,late,and transition phases are part of the __________ stage of labor.
A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth
Answer: A
Q3) In general,the greater the exposure to a teratogen,the greater the risk for damage.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Growth and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Malnourishment is most harmful during A)adolescence.
B)middle childhood.
C)the preschool years.
D)infancy.
Q2) Anorexia and bulimia are more likely to occur in girls who A)have overprotective parents.
B)are in elementary school.
C)are "trouble makers."
D)are irresponsible.
Q3) Adopted children and adolescents' weights are related to the weights of their adoptive parents and not to the weights of their biological parents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The entire nervous system arises from the embryonic structure known as the A)medulla.
B)neural plate.
C)corpus callosum.
D)cerebral cortex.
Q5) Describe neurons,cell bodies,dendrites,and axons.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Perceptual and Motor Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Almost all United States school children can meet fitness standards on fitness tests.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Infants' auditory thresholds are
A)lower than that of adults.
B)about the same as that of adults.
C)higher than that of adults.
D)not able to be measured.
Q3) An infant can detect changes in the taste of his mother's breast milk that reflect the mother's diet.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is TRUE of infants' auditory perception?
A)Infants hear sounds best that have pitches in the range of human speech.
B)Infants can hear high-pitched sounds the best.
C)Infants cannot use sound to locate an object.
D)Infants cannot discriminate vowel and consonant sounds.
Q5) Discuss what is known about infant visual acuity and color perception.
Q6) Describe what is known about how well infants can smell,taste,and feel.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Theories of Cognitive Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget thought children were like
A)little scientists.
B)miniature adults.
C)blank slates.
D)computers.
Q2) Which of the following is an implication of Piaget's theory for teaching practices?
A)Teachers should tell children facts that they can absorb passively.
B)Children should be encouraged to look at the consistency of their own thinking and to sort out any inconsistencies.
C)The best teaching experiences are slightly behind a child's current level of thinking.
D)Teachers should construct a child's understanding of the world.
Q3) During Piaget's __________ stage,children begin using mental operations to solve problems.
A)formal operational
B)concrete operational
C)sensorimotor
D)preoperational
Q4) Describe the development of object permanence.
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Chapter 7: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infants are able to distinguish differences in quantity because A)they are able to count objects.
B)adults tell them how many objects there are.
C)their perceptual system is sensitive to quantity as a characteristic of stimuli.
D)they understand the one-to-one principle.
Q2) Piaget's view that children and adolescents solve problems in fundamentally different ways is supported by the modern view of problem solving.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Four-year-old Heather is repeatedly questioned about an incident on the playground where a stranger approached her.She is likely to A)have no memory of the incident.
B)confuse what really happened with what others suggest may have happened.
C)clearly differentiate between what really happened and what others suggest may have happened.
D)believe that adult questioners are deliberately trying to confuse her when they suggest something other than what she reported may actually have happened.
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Chapter 8: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an advantage of individual intelligence tests over group intelligence tests?
A)They are less expensive to administer.
B)They are less likely to require a trained examiner.
C)They can provide information about many individuals quickly.
D)They optimize the motivation and attention of the examinee.
Q2) People with high intrapersonal intelligence are good at identifying different feelings,moods,motivations,and intentions in others.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If you wanted to determine the IQ of 6-year-old Betsy,as well as determine her verbal and performance skills,which test would be best to use?
A)Stanford-Binet
B)WISC-IV
C)Bayley's Scales
D)a habituation measure
Q4) Creative ability involves knowing what solution or plan will actually work.
A)True
B)False
10
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Chapter 9: Language and Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Expressive children's vocabularies include a large percentage of words that are names of objects,people,or actions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Barry tells his 3-year-old son,Billy,the name of an unfamiliar object.You would expect Billy to
A)use rules to link the word with its meaning.
B)not use any rules to determine the meaning of the word.
C)need to hear the new word many times before he learns its correct meaning.
D)systematically evaluate all possible hypotheses regarding the correct meaning of the word.
Q3) Intonation refers to
A)the production of vowel-like sounds.
B)the production of utterances that contain both vowel and consonant sounds.
C)a pattern of rising or falling pitch.
D)the repetition of a sound.
Q4) Common early words denote food,toys,and greetings.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe infant speech perception during the first year of life.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Craig gets very upset when he begins talking about his childhood,which he does quite often,remembering his parents are being unfair and unkind to him.Craig appears to have a(n)__________ attachment representation.
A)dismissive
B)secure
C)preoccupied
D)avoidant
Q2) A set of expectations about parents' availability and responsiveness,generally and in times of stress is known as
A)an internal working model.
B)preattachment.
C)attachment in the making.
D)reciprocal relationships.
Q3) Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding the DRD4 gene?
A)It is a temperament gene.
B)It is linked to behaviors that make up temperament (e.g. ,novelty seeking,fearfulness).
C)It is linked to brain systems that regulate attention,motivation,and reward.
D)One allele for this gene is associated with novelty-seeking in adults.
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Chapter 11: Understanding Self and Others
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children with more advanced perspective-taking skills
A)are younger than children with less advanced skills.
B)are at lower cognitive levels.
C)are typically well-liked by their peers.
D)are more likely to have negative interactions with peers.
Q2) Increasing segregation between children of different racial groups was one of the consequences of the U.S.Supreme Court's decision in Brown v.Board of Education.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Abby is 6 years old while Sheena is 13 years old.Compared to Abby's self-description,Sheena's self-description is likely to be
A)more abstract.
B)based more on physical characteristics.
C)more closely linked to possessions.
D)less future-oriented.
Q4) Explain what is meant by the imaginary audience,the personal fable,and the illusion of invulnerability.Give an example of each.
Q5) Name and briefly describe Selman's five stages of perspective taking.
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Chapter 12: Moral Understanding and Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) One theory suggests that children who have difficulty learning in school become frustrated and unhappy and they express this frustration by engaging in aggressive behaviors toward their peers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In a study by Rotenberg and Meyer (1990),children completed a task and then could receive a small reward immediately or wait one day for a much larger reward.Not until __________ years of age did most children wait to receive the larger reward.
A)4 to 5
B)6 to 8
C)9 to 11
D)12 to 15
Q3) Self-control emerges in infancy and gradually improves during the preschool years.Describe the changes in self-control between the ages of 1 and 3.
Q4) Moral discussions with individuals who reason at higher levels usually improve the reasoning of those who reason at lower levels.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Gender and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Aggressive behavior has been linked to androgens,hormones secreted by the testes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Parents who want to raise androgynous children should shelter children from outside forces,such as the media,which often works against the goals of parents.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Children forge a ____________________,which is their perception of the self as either male or female.
A)gender stereotype
B)gender identity
C)gender label
D)social role
Q4) Aggressive behavior has been linked to
A)gender constancy.
B)estrogens.
C)androgyny.
D)androgens.
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Chapter 14: Family Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) 34 Sybil wants her daughter to put her dishes in the dishwasher.She shows her how to open the dishwasher,tells her where different items go,and explains that if everyone in the family puts their dishes away,it will be much easier to keep the kitchen clean and pleasant.Sybil is using
A)reinforcement.
B)punishment.
C)direct instruction.
D)inhibition.
Q2) Multiple adults are important - but who the adults are seems to matter more than what they do.
A)True
B)False
Q3) 30 In many Latin American and Asian countries,__________ is stressed more than __________.
A)individualism;collaboration
B)cooperation;individualism
C)control;warmth
D)cooperation;self-reliance
Q4) Name and briefly describe the five different styles of grandparenting.
Q5) Name and describe Baumrind's four parenting styles.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Influences Beyond the Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) 42 Which of the following is NOT correct regarding co-rumination?
A)It is when friends spend much of their time together discussing each other's personal problems.
B)Girls engage in co-rumination more than boys.
C)Co-rumination strengthens girls' friendships
D)Co-rumination reduces the risk of depression and anxiety for girls during adolescence.
Q2) 113 Seth is a high school student who has recently begun working 20 hours per week.How is this experience likely to affect him?
A)His grades are likely to go down.
B)His self-esteem is likely to increase.
C)He will probably develop realistic money-management strategies.
D)He is less likely to use drugs.
Q3) Senator Carver thinks that research on popularity and rejection is a waste of time because children's popularity (or lack of it)has nothing to do with their later development.What can you tell the Senator about the long-term effects of popularity and rejection on later development?
Q4) What are some strategies that parents can use to help limit the negative effects of TV and boost the positive ones?
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