Developmental Psychology
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the patterns of growth, change, and stability that occur throughout the human lifespan. This course examines physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development from conception through old age, highlighting key theories, research findings, and methodologies within the field. Students will investigate topics such as language acquisition, attachment, identity formation, moral reasoning, and the impact of culture and environment on development. The course emphasizes both normative trends and individual differences, providing a foundational understanding of how and why people change over time.
Recommended Textbook
Infants and Children Prenatal Through Middle Childhood 8th Edition by Laura
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13 Chapters
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Page 2
E. Berk
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In stage theories, development is
A) a smooth, continuous process.
B) gradual and ongoing.
C) like climbing a staircase.
D) a gradual addition of the same types of skills.
Answer: C
Q2) One major limitation of correlational studies is that
A) researchers alter the experiences of those studied.
B) researchers do not gather information about everyday life.
C) researchers cannot make inferences about cause and effect.
D) the results cannot be generalized to other people and settings.
Answer: C
Q3) At home, Paul's parents hit him as punishment for misbehavior. At preschool, Paul angrily hits a playmate who takes his toy. According to social learning theory, Paul is displaying
A) classical conditioning.
B) operant conditioning.
C) behavior modification.
D) observational learning.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the alleles from both parents are alike, the child is
A) homozygous.
B) female.
C) heterozygous.
D) a monozygotic twin.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following individuals is the most likely to score high in impulsivity, according to research on smoking?
A) Daniel, who has a DD genetic makeup and a mother who smoked during pregnancy
B) Reba, who has a DD genetic makeup and a nonsmoking mother
C) John, who has a DD genetic makeup and a mother who smoked prior to becoming pregnant
D) Samantha, who has a DB genetic makeup and a mother who smoked during pregnancy
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Joslyn, a school custodian, is pregnant and works in an old school building where multiple layers of paint are flaking off the walls. To be safe, Joslyn should have the paint tested for
A) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). B) mercury. C) dioxins. D) lead.
Answer: D
Q2) The __________ and __________ have a long period of sensitivity to teratogens.
A) hands; feet B) palate; mouth C) arms; legs D) brain; eyes
Answer: D
Q3) Research shows that only children __________ children with siblings. A) are more intelligent than B) are as well-adjusted as C) have more emotional problems than D) are less intelligent than
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Birth and the Newborn Baby
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two Apgar ratings are given because
A) one is given by the pediatrician, and one is given by the labor and delivery nurse.
B) one is for appearance, pulse, and grimace, and the other is for activity and respiration.
C) some babies have trouble adjusting at first but do quite well after a few minutes.
D) one is taken immediately after birth, and the other is taken just before the newborn is released from the hospital.
Q2) Which of the following statements about the breech position is true?
A) Cesarean delivery is never justified when the baby is in the breech position.
B) The breech position decreases the chance of squeezing of the umbilical cord.
C) Certain breech babies fare just as well with a normal delivery as with a cesarean.
D) The breech position decreases the chances of head injuries during delivery.
Q3) The rate of cesarean delivery is
A) substantially higher in induced than spontaneous labors.
B) lower today than it was forty years ago.
C) currently about 10 percent in the United States.
D) lower in the United States than in other industrialized countries.
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6
Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Baby Paul's mother strokes his hair just before he eats. Now when Paul's mother strokes his hair, Paul begins to suck. The stroking is the __________, and the taste of milk is the __________.
A) conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus
B) unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
C) neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
D) neutral stimulus; conditioned response
Q2) The best estimate of a child's physical maturity is
A) height.
B) weight.
C) skeletal age.
D) chronological age.
Q3) Research reveals that babies perceive input from different sensory systems in a unified way by detecting
A) amodal sensory properties.
B) invariant features of the environment.
C) affordances.
D) pictorial depth cues.
Q4) What is lateralization of the brain, and why does it occur?
Page 7
Q5) Explain dynamic systems theory of motor development.
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the information-processing system, information first enters A) working memory.
B) the central executive.
C) long-term memory.
D) the sensory register.
Q2) Infants learn and retain information
A) only through physical activity.
B) just by watching objects and events.
C) only by manipulating objects.
D) but cannot engage in recall.
Q3) Define and describe recognition and recall. Discuss the development of recall memory.
Q4) Baby Franklin practiced his dropping and throwing schemes, and eventually developed an understanding of height. This achievement is an example of A) organization.
B) accommodation.
C) equilibrium.
D) assimilation.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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112 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the involvement of fathers as it relates to attachment security. How do mothers and fathers differ in their caregiving?
Q2) Which of the following statements is supported by research on emotional development?
A) Infants, children, and adults use diverse responses to express a particular emotion.
B) The emotional expressions of blind infants are exaggerated compared to infants with normal vision.
C) Babies on the visual cliff generally display a fearful facial expression but do not show other signs of fear.
D) Wide cultural differences exist in the facial expressions that people associate with different emotions.
Q3) Self-conscious emotions appear __________ of the __________ year.
A) in the middle; first
B) at the end; first
C) in the middle; second
D) at the end; second
Q4) Describe Bowlby's four phases of attachment.
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss how sleep habits contribute to body growth in children, and explain how disrupted sleep affects cognitive functioning.
Q2) Handedness
A) reflects the greater capacity of one side of the brain to carry out skilled motor action.
B) is evident in a wide range of skills from birth.
C) is a heritable trait, especially for left-handed people.
D) is strongest for simple, rather than complex, skills.
Q3) Which of the following statements regarding handedness is true?
A) For the majority of individuals, handedness is inherited from the mother's side of the family.
B) Ordinary siblings are more likely than identical or fraternal twins to differ in hand preference.
C) Rates of left-handedness are elevated among people with intellectual disabilities and mental illness.
D) Right-handed children are more likely to develop outstanding verbal and mathematical talents.
Q4) Discuss sex differences in motor skills in early childhood.
Q5) Describe the development of drawing in children in Western nations.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to __________, preschoolers discover many word meanings by observing how words are used in the structure of sentences.
A) fast-mapping
B) semantic bootstrapping
C) mutual exclusivity
D) syntactic bootstrapping
Q2) Children who freely use private speech during a challenging activity __________ than their less talkative agemates.
A) are less attentive
B) show better task performance
C) are less involved in the activity
D) have more adjustment problems
Q3) A Piagetian classroom that emphasizes discovery learning would probably include
A) explicit verbal teaching of ready-made information.
B) a rich variety of activities designed to promote exploration and discovery.
C) introduction of new skills according to normative standards of readiness.
D) progress evaluation on the basis of average performance of same-age peers.
Q4) Explain how adults can foster preschoolers' language development.
Q5) What are scripts? How do they contribute to young children's memory development?
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is supported by research on child abuse?
A) A single abusive personality type is a common thread among abusers.
B) Most parents who were abused as children become child abusers.
C) Fathers engage in neglect more often than mothers.
D) The majority of abusive parents are isolated from both formal and informal social supports.
Q2) Erikson regarded play as a means through which
A) children escape from the demands of their lives into a fantasy world.
B) preschoolers symbolically represent their unconscious wishes and desires.
C) children seek to avoid punishment and maintain the affection of parents.
D) young children learn about themselves and their social world.
Q3) Research collected from diverse countries on gender typing demonstrates that teachers
A) tend to negotiate with boys who misbehave, coming up with a joint plan to improve behavior.
B) use more disapproval and controlling discipline with girls than with boys.
C) give more overall attention (both positive and negative) to boys than to girls.
D) seem to expect girls to misbehave more often than boys.
Q4) Describe authoritative child rearing, and explain what makes it effective.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a cause of malocclusion?
A) sleeping with a bottle
B) eating too many sweets
C) wearing braces
D) crowding of permanent teeth
Q2) Which of the following children is most likely to be a risk-taker?
A) Priyanka, whose parents are safety-conscious
B) Jesse, whose parents strictly supervise his activities
C) Daphne, whose parents consistently enforce rules
D) Marcus, whose parents use punitive discipline
Q3) Many experts believe that schools should
A) offer more physical education classes that emphasize training in competitive sports.
B) offer more frequent physical education classes and change the content of these programs.
C) eradicate recesses in favor of an earlier end to the school day.
D) eradicate recesses to allow for longer lunch periods to ensure proper nutrition.
Q4) List and describe common factors associated with childhood obesity.
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13
Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about children with very low working-memory scores is true?
A) About 30 percent of children have very low working-memory scores.
B) They can benefit from direct training with working memory tasks.
C) Children from economically advantaged families are likely to score low on working-memory tasks.
D) The majority of children with low working-memory scores improve without intervention.
Q2) Yolanda entered school low in phonological awareness. Without __________, Yolanda will probably be behind her agemates in text comprehension skills by third grade.
A) early phonics training
B) reading across the curriculum
C) metacognitive training
D) special education services
Q3) Which of the following is a good predictor of IQ?
A) well-developed gross-motor skills
B) flexible attention strategies
C) slow, steady nervous system function
D) REM brain-wave patterns during sleep
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Chapter 13: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) In middle childhood, children's anxieties are directed toward new concerns, such as a fear of
A) the dark.
B) supernatural beings.
C) thunder and lightning.
D) the possibility of dying.
Q2) Ernie is a perpetrator who sexually abuses children. As a child, Ernie was likely A) a bully.
B) the victim of sexual abuse.
C) extremely religious.
D) learned helpless.
Q3) Which of the following children is most at risk for delinquency in adolescence and criminality in adulthood?
A) David, an average child
B) Marie, a rejected child
C) Leo, a controversial child
D) Lisa, a popular child
Q4) Describe personal and situational factors that affect the extent to which children hold racial and ethnic biases.
Page 15
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