Decision Sciences Exam
Bank
Course Introduction
Decision Sciences is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the use of quantitative and analytical methods to support decision-making in business and organizational contexts. This course introduces students to techniques such as statistics, data analysis, optimization, simulation, and predictive modeling to solve complex problems and inform strategic choices. Emphasizing both theory and practical application, students will learn to structure decision problems, assess risk and uncertainty, and apply models to real-world scenarios, preparing them to make informed and effective choices in dynamic environments.
Recommended Textbook operations management 5th edition by r. dan reid
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Operations
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Sample Questions
Q1) A key feature of scientific management is that workers are limited only by
A)machinery
B)co-workers
C)their job description
D)their tools
E)their physical ability
Answer: E
Q2) While customers and service organizations interact directly,customers and manufacturers interact
Answer: Through service organizations like distributors,wholesalers,and retailers.
Q3) An example of a "back room" operation for an airline company is loading luggage onto the airplane.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) What is the "role" of operations management?
Answer: To transform organizational inputs into outputs
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Chapter 2: Operations Strategy and Competitiveness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose that a plant has a daily productivity of 200 parts per employee? What can we conclude?
A)the daily productivity is excellent
B)the plant can hire more workers and still earn profits
C)the plant is not earning profits
D)the plant must be highly automated
E)nothing
Answer: E
Q2) If inputs increase by 30% and outputs increase by 15%,what is the percentage change in productivity?
A)50.00% decrease
B)88.46% increase
C)88.46% decrease
D)11.54% increase
E)11.54% decrease
Answer: E
Q3) Firms measure productivity to learn how ________________________ they are.
Answer: competitive
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Chapter 3: Product Design and Process Selection
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Sample Questions
Q1) When product and process design work together,much of the work is done in sequence rather than in parallel.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which one of these refers to reducing the number of parts and features of the product whenever possible?
A)design automation
B)design specification
C)design reduction
D)design standardization
E)design simplification
Answer: E
Q3) Name a reason for using ERP and a reason it might be difficult to implement.
Answer: Successful ERP projects improve coordination among an organization's resources while requiring substantial changes in workers' sense of control over their data and relationships with other departments.
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Chapter 4: E-Commerce and Supply Chain Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Due to globalization,which of the following are not some commonly shared ocean shipping logistical characteristics?
A)goods arrive in larger quantities
B)greater break-bulk activity is required
C)crossdocking is required
D)typically have higher inventories
E)longer port times occur
Q2) Supply chain management is the vital business function which does not coordinate and manage:
A)linking suppliers
B)transporters
C)human resource interviews
D)internal departments
E)third-party companies
Q3) What are the four causes of the bullwhip effect?
Q4) Supply chain management provides the company with a sustainable,competitive advantage.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare the access differences among the Internet,an intranet,and an extranet.
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Chapter 5: Total Quality Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the seven categories for Malcolm Baldrige Award criteria?
Q2) Quality at the source is the belief that it is far better to _______ quality problems and _____ them than to discard defective items after production.
A)uncover the person generating,fire
B)uncover the source of,correct
C)discover new methods of,implement
D)discover new processes of,implement
E)allow returns of,fix
Q3) Philip Crosby believed that ________________________ because the cost of doing it right the first time is less than the cost of correcting mistakes later
Q4) ISO 9001 is the standard used for the certification of a firm's quality management system.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are four dimensions of manufacturing quality?
Q6) The expected operational life of a product is called its reliability.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Quality circles are a common application of the ________________________
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Statistical Quality Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the average range is 4.0 inches and the sample size is 18,compute the upper and lower limits for an R chart.
Q2) Describe the difference between black belts and green belts in a six-sigma implementation.
Q3) Upper and lower control limits are usually set at \(\pm\) how many standard deviations from the mean?
A)0.5
B)1.0
C)2.0
D)3.0
E)6.0
Q4) What is a control chart that monitors changes in the mean value of a process?
A)x-bar chart
B)R-chart
C)p-chart
D)c-chart
E)OC chart
Q5) Compute the C<sub>pk</sub> measure of process capability for the following machine and interpret the findings.What value would you have obtained with the C<sub>p</sub> measure?
8
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Chapter 7: Just-In-Time and Lean Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) JIT facilities are lacking in floor space.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Raissa's teapot firm is moving to a JIT system.One question they are trying to answer is what level of safety stock they should maintain.They produce 240 teapots every four hours.The teapot ceramic handle vendor will deliver a container containing 30 parts one hour after they receive a request to ship.Raissa's kanban system uses four containers.What should they maintain as a safety stock?
Q3) JIT considers __________ to be a company's most precious resource.
A)Capital
B)Productive equipment
C)Information
D)People
E)Vision
Q4) JIT supply chains often involve firms that _____________________.
Q5) If the goal is to reduce the amount of inventory in the system,the number of Kanban cards should be increased.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Forecasting
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Sample Questions
Q1) The number of future periods forecast is called the ____________________.
Q2) What are the two categories of quantitative models?
Q3) What is a correlation coefficient?
Q4) Nearly all other business decisions depend on _______________.
Q5) Discuss why the degree of accuracy is important in selecting the right forecasting model.
Q6) Suppose that you are using the four-period simple moving average method to forecast sales,and sales have been increasing by 20% every period.How will your forecasts perform?
A)Forecasts will be lower than actual.
B)Forecasts will be higher than actual.
C)Forecasts will equal actual.
D)Forecasts will be decreasing.
E)Forecasts will be increasing by 5.0% every period.
Q7) Why are forecasts more accurate for groups or families of items rather than for individual items?
Q8) A cycle is any data pattern that regularly repeats itself and is constant in length.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Capacity Planning and Facility Location
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Sample Questions
Q1) Capacity cushions can be helpful if sales need to be buffered from production.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Management has decided to add capacity incrementally in smaller chunks as needed,rather than purchasing one large facility.This decision
A)is very risky
B)will result in low initial costs
C)will ultimately result in lower costs per unit if demand increases rapidly
D)positions the company to be well prepared for high demand in the future
E)can lead to a large amount of excess capacity
Q3) What are the disadvantages of globalization?
Q4) At the break-even point,_____________________.
A)output equals capacity
B)total cost equals total revenue
C)total cost equals profit
D)variable cost equals fixed cost
E)variable cost equals total revenue
Q5) An example of an output measure of capacity is labor hours.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Facility Layout
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Sample Questions
Q1) The load-distance model tells us which departments should be closest to each other by _________.
Q2) For the general warehouse layout problem,which department should be located furthest from the dock?
A)least trips needed
B)most area needed
C)highest ratio of trips needed to area needed
D)smallest ratio of area needed to trips needed
E)smallest ratio of trips needed to area needed
Q3) What is typically used to quantitatively compare the effectiveness of layouts?
A)trial and error
B)process control charts
C)load-distance model
D)mean absolute deviation (MAD)
E)exponential smoothing
Q4) Explain the difference between paced and un-paced lines.
Q5) Load-distance calculations are very concerned with the direction of the move.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is the formula for the theoretical minimum number of work stations?
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Chapter 11: Work System Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) An increase in the desired confidence level will decrease the number of observations necessary in a time study.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Determining if the best financial opportunity is to have an individual perform the task or automate the task is which of the following?
A)Technical Feasibility
B)Behavioral Feasibility
C)Activity Based Accounting Feasibility
D)Job Enrichment Feasibility
E)Economic Feasibility
Q3) Which of the following would not be a basic element into which a job would be split when using predetermined time data?
A)reach
B)sort
C)grasp
D)insert
E)turn
Q4) What are the characteristics of self-managed teams?
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Chapter 12: Independent Demand Inventory Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hand tools,lubricants,and cleaning supplies are usually examples of what?
A)WIP inventory
B)finished goods inventory
C)raw materials inventory
D)MRO inventory
E)distribution inventory
Q2) In a periodic review system,the time between orders should never be based on the EOQ calculation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the total annual inventory cost (using basic EPQ )of a product whose annual demand is 15,000 units,daily demand is 40,daily production is 60,order cost is $80,and holding cost is $6? (Round to the nearest dollar.)
Q4) What are the characteristics of a single-period inventory model?
Q5) What is the maximum inventory of a product that is produce in batches of 1000 when 500 units are produced per day and 250 units are sold per day?
Q6) List some advantages of small order quantities.
Q7) What is another name for speculative inventory?
Q8) What are items used in support of manufacturing and maintenance called?
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Chapter 13: Aggregate Planning
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the characteristics of overtime?
Q2) The aggregate plan is usually updated and reevaluated monthly by the operations group.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An advantage of producing at average demand levels is that it allows for a lower investment in capacity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is not typically contained in the marketing plan?
A)product design
B)target markets
C)new products
D)profit margin
E)competitive focus
Q5) During overtime worker productivity increases due to the increase salary received
A)True
B)False
Q6) ___________________ is an important advantage of level production plans.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Resource Planning
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________________ uses the planned orders generated by MRP to evaluate the feasibility of long-term or blanket contracts and to determine delivery need.
Q2) An end item has no parents.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _________________ uses planned order releases from the MRP,which considers beginning inventory.
Q4) An action notice is generated ________________________________________.
A)for planned orders in any period
B)only for orders that are to be released to the shop floor
C)only for movements to and from the warehouse
D)only when marketing needs to be notified
E)when a planned order needs to be released
Q5) What transactions can cause information in the inventory records file to change?
Q6) MRP systems require
as inputs.
Q7) Describe how workload is computed for a work center for capacity requirements planning.
Q8) What are the objectives of second-generation ERP systems? Page 16
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Chapter 15: Scheduling
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using the Tibrewala,Phillippe,and Brown technique for a Monday through Sunday work week a regular,full time employee can end up with a Sunday-Monday set of days off.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is a process batch?
A)the quantity of finished goods that can be sold
B)the quantity of items moved at the same time from one resource to the next
C)the quantity of work-in-process inventory
D)the quantity produced at a resource before the resource is switched over to produce another product
E)the set of machines used to make products
Q3) Based on the definition in the ninth edition of the APICS Dictionary,what is operation sequencing?
Q4) Which of the following scheduling rules minimizes mean job flow time?
A)first come,first served
B)last come,first served
C)earliest due date
D)shortest processing time
E)longest processing time
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Project Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) A feeding buffer protects a ______ path from delays in a __________.
A)shortest,buffer overflow
B)noncritical,critical path
C)critical,noncritical path
D)critical,longest variance
E)noncritical,longest variance
Q2) For projects whose activities have probabilistic time estimates,the probability of completing the project in a specified amount of time is determined by
A)the expected time for the critical path only
B)the standard deviation for the critical path only
C)the expected time and standard deviation for the critical path only
D)the expected times for all paths
E)the expected times and standard deviations for the critical path and paths whose expected times are close to that of the critical path
Q3) The two kinds of network diagrams are activity-on-arrow and activity-on-node.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What information about activities is needed in determining how to crash a project?
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Chapter 17: Spreadsheet Modeling: an Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Excel,what are the keystrokes for the "Copy" command?
A)Ctrl-C
B)Ctrl-V
C)Ctrl-X
D)Ctrl-Z
E)Ctrl-Q
Q2) In Excel,relative references do not change when you copy them.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a means of implementing mathematical models?
A)physical model
B)spiritual model
C)mental model
D)spreadsheet model
E)visual model
Q4) Define and describe a model.
Q5) For the Data Table feature in Excel,it does matter whether you use absolute or relative references.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Introduction to Optimization
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Sample Questions
Q1) A specific combination of values of the decision variables such that at least one of the constraints is violated results in a(n)______________________.
Q2) The text-based formulation of an optimization problem should state what three things?
A)decision variables,random variables,and parameters
B)decision variables,objective function,and constraints
C)decision variables,random variables,and constraints
D)decision variables,random variables,and objective function
E)random variables,parameters,and objective function
Q3) What do you need to do before using Solver?
A)take an Excel class
B)enter solver settings into Excel
C)define all constraints
D)enter Solver options
E)have a working,flexible spreadsheet model
Q4) Solver's Changing Cells corresponds to the ________ in the algebraic model.
Q5) Excel's Solver Add-In solves _____________ problems.
Q6) When an LP is solved,there is only one possible outcome.
A)True
B)False
Page 21
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Chapter 19: Waiting Line Models
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider a single-line,single-server waiting line system.Suppose that customers arrive according to a Poisson distribution at an average rate of 50 per hour,and the average (exponentially distributed)service time is 45 seconds per customer.What is the probability that 4 customers are in the system?
Q2) There are many variations of the mathematical models for designing waiting lines. A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not considered to be an element of a waiting line system?
A)the customer population source
B)the service system
C)the arrival and service patterns
D)the priorities used for controlling the line
E)the system utilization rate
Q4) What are the five characteristics that define a service system?
Q5) How could you change the customer arrival rate of a waiting line system?
Q6) Waiting line models are important to a company because they directly affect customer service _________.
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Chapter 20: Master Scheduling and Rough-Cut Capacity Planning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not part of the process for developing an MPS?
A)The MRP system is run.
B)Rough-cut capacity planning is used.
C)Evaluation occurs with regard to customer service,effective use of resources,and inventory investment.
D)If capacity is insufficient,the MPS is modified or capacity is expanded.
E)An MRP is proposed.
Q2) What establishes that point of time in the future inside of which changes to the MPS must be approved by a higher authority?
A)demand time fence
B)supply time fence
C)authorized time fence
D)frozen time fence
E)planning time fence
Q3) A negative number in the projected available row is ___________ a problem.
A)always
B)never
C)sometimes
D)usually
E)50%
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