Cross-Cultural Management Test Questions
Course Introduction
Cross-Cultural Management explores the challenges and opportunities of working in multicultural environments, focusing on how cultural differences impact organizational behavior, communication, negotiation, leadership, and decision-making. The course equips students with theoretical frameworks and practical tools to effectively manage diverse teams, adapt business strategies for global settings, and navigate cultural complexities in international business. Through case studies, group projects, and experiential exercises, students develop the skills necessary to foster collaboration, resolve conflicts, and lead successfully across cultures in today's interconnected business world.
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International Business 16th Edition by John Daniels
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Globalization and International Business
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fact that a company is the market leader in one country is no guarantee that it will be the leader in another country.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What are the differences between merchandise and service imports and exports?
Provide examples to illustrate your answer.
Answer: a.Merchandise exports are tangible products-goods-sent out of a country.Merchandise imports are goods brought into a country.When a Chinese contractor sends toy action figures from China to Hasbro in the United States, the contractor exports and Hasbro imports.
b.Service exports and imports generate nonproduct international earnings.The company or individual receiving payment is making a service export.The company or individual paying is making a service import.When an American tourist stays at a hotel in London, the hotel stay is the service export.
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3
Chapter 2: The Cultural Environments Facing Business
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Q1) In a short essay, describe the various affiliations upon which a person's status can be based and discuss how social stratification affects such business functions as marketing and employment practices.
Answer: a.A person's status is partly determined by individual factors and partly by the person's affiliation or membership in a given group.Affiliations determined by birth-known as ascribed group memberships-include those based on gender, family, age, caste, and ethnic, racial, or national origin.Affiliations not determined by birth are called acquired group memberships and include those based on religion, political affiliation, and professional and other associations.
b.Social stratification affects marketing as companies choose to use people in their advertisements whom their target market admires or associates with.Further, stratification affects employment practices such as hiring, promotion, compensation, and staff-reduction.Employers in different countries are differently influenced by social stratification as they make employment decisions.
Q2) Cultures do not transcend national (state)boundaries.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Political and Legal Environments Facing Business
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Q1) Identify the three common components of modern legal systems and explain their relevance to managers.
Answer: Unquestionably, legal systems differ from country to country, primarily because of differences in tradition, precedent, usage, custom, or religious precepts.Even so, the purpose of every legal system is to establish a comprehensive legal network to regulate social activities.As such, modern legal systems share three components to achieve this goal, specifically:
1.A system of constitutional law designed to guarantee an open and just political order
2.A system of criminal law designed to safeguard the social order
3.A system of civil and commercial laws designed to ensure fairness and efficiency in business transactions.
Aspects of all three components bear on the decisions made by managers and foreign investors.Certainly, differences in each will adjust how managers see the legal system in a particular country.When the legal system is functioning well, no matter how it blends these three components, it ensures that a society can pursue economic and social development and, when disagreements arise, resolve them without collapsing into anarchy.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Economic Environments Facing Businesses
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Q1) Gross national income (GNI), the broadest measure of economic activity for a country, is defined as the ________.
A)total of all consumption and investment that takes place in a national economy
B)income generated in one country, regardless of who owns the productive assets
C)total of all economic activity in one country less services, such as government administration, health services, and education
D)income generated by both total domestic production and the international production activities of national companies
Q2) What is inflation?
Q3) In a command economy, ________.
A)businesses and consumers are assumed to be the best judges of how resources should be allocated
B)the government sets goals and determines the price and quantity of what is produced
C)different economic sectors coordinate the activities of the federal government
D)each enterprise sets its goals before making reports to the central government
Q4) What is gross national income? How is it calculated? Illustrate your answer with a specific example.
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6
Chapter 5: Globalization and Society
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Q1) What motivations do companies have to act responsibly? How can codes of conduct help firms to act ethically?
Q2) Why is the argument that "anything legal is ethical" most likely insufficient?
A)Everything that is unethical is also illegal.
B)The law is an extremely efficient way to solve ethical dilemmas.
C)Laws are frequently based on imprecisely defined moral concepts.
D)Laws can never be changed; thus, rules for all possible ethical dilemmas are found in the law.
Q3) The UN Global Compact is a legally binding document that requires MNEs to establish codes of conduct.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A 1977 U.S.law that outlaws bribery payments by U.S.firms to foreign government officials is known as the ________.
A)Anti-Bribery Act of 2004
B)Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
C)Zero Tolerance Initiative
D)Sarbanes-Oxley Act
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Page 7
Chapter 6: International Trade and Factor-Mobility Theory
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Q1) What is the country similarity theory? According to this theory, what factors affect trade patterns?
Q2) The inability of a company to gain foreign production factors to use in its domestic operations most likely ________.
A)entices the company to export its own production factors
B)stimulates the company to adopt efficient substitute methods of production
C)stimulates foreign companies to invest in that domestic market
D)causes the company's products to move more rapidly through their life cycles
Q3) The factor proportions theory holds that countries should improve their competitiveness by importing capital and skilled employees from abroad.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which one of the following is a primary assumption of the free trade theories of specialization?
A)Domestic resources are unable to move from the production of one good to another.
B)Countries have objectives other than economic efficiency.
C)Specialization triggers unemployment.
D)Resources are immobile internationally.
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Chapter 7: Governmental Influence on Trade
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Q1) What are the main arguments for limiting trade in services? What is your opinion on limiting trade in services?
Q2) The term protectionism, when applied to international trade, refers to ________.
A)governmental restrictions and competitive support actions to affect trade flows
B)payments to dock workers to prevent pilferage of imported shipments
C)border checks to prevent entry of illegal aliens
D)methods used to prevent intellectual property theft
Q3) The industrialization argument for trade protection in developing countries is based on the assumption that ________.
A)the protected industry will become competitive over time with economies of scale
B)unemployment and underemployment exist in rural areas, so little agricultural output is lost as people move into industrial jobs
C)subsidizing production is a better means of protection than limiting imports
D)it is better to depend on buying agricultural surpluses from developed countries than to produce these agricultural goods
Q4) Describe and compare the different types of tariffs (duties).
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Cross-National Cooperation and Agreements
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Q1) Since production has shifted to more efficient producers due to comparative advantage, consumers in Country X have had access to more goods at lower prices.Which of the following most likely exists?
A)trade specialization
B)trade diversion
C)trade creation
D)trade internalization
Q2) Very few commodity agreements are successful in bringing together supplier and consumer countries to stabilize commodity prices.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The shifting of trade to countries in a regional group at the expense of trade with countries not in the group is known as trade internalization.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the different types of regional economic integration and give an example of each type.
Q5) What are the rules of origin and regional content provisions of NAFTA?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Global Foreign-Exchange Markets
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Sample Questions
Q1) The interbank market in foreign exchange is where ________.
A)electronic brokerage systems are required
B)banks trade currency with each other
C)reporting dealers set exchange terms
D)remittance payments are made
Q2) Which of the following is an example of cryptocurrency?
A)U.S. dollar
B)Japanese yen
C)Euro
D)Bitcoin
Q3) Arbitrage is the purchase of foreign currency on one market for immediate resale on a foreign market in order to profit from a price discrepancy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is remittance income? What institutions in Mexico can handle remittance accounts? Why are some institutions used more frequently than others?
Q5) What is the Bank for International Settlements? What three categories does the BIS designate in the foreign-exchange market? Briefly describe each category.
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Chapter 10: The Determination of Exchange Rates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is China most likely considering a greater reliance on the SDR?
A)gains in the foreign-exchange market
B)concerns about the value of the U.S. dollar
C)demands to replace the dollar with the euro for reserves
D)requirements by the IMF to make China's currency more flexible
Q2) Which of the following states that the country with the higher interest rate should have the higher inflation?
A)the Fisher Effect
B)the International Fisher Effect
C)the Interest Rate Inflation Theory
D)the Forward Rate Theory
Q3) What is a black market? Under what conditions might one exist?
Q4) In a multiple exchange-rate system, the government determines which kinds of transactions are to be conducted at which exchange rate.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What methods are used by managers to forecast exchange rates? What are the main factors that influence exchange rates?
Q6) What is a Special Drawing Right (SDR)? How is it used?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Global Capital Markets
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Sample Questions
Q1) A Eurocurrency is any currency that is banked outside its country of origin.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following countries is an important offshore financial center?
A)Turks and Caicos
B)Mexico
C)South Korea
D)Bermuda
Q3) Acquiring and allocating financial resources among the company's activities and projects is the responsibility of the ________.
A)accounting function of the firm
B)external auditors
C)CFO
D)financial marketing manager
Q4) If a foreign subsidiary is located in a low tax country, the parent company would probably use a ________.
A)high transfer price on inventory shipped from the parent to the subsidiary
B)high transfer price on goods sold by the subsidiary to the parent
C)low transfer price on inventory shipped from the subsidiary to the parent
D)tax credit price to minimize local tax liabilities
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Chapter 12: The Strategy of International Business
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Q1) Marrin Associates is an MNE with operations in Hong Kong, India, and Canada.The firm strives to leverage its core competencies worldwide, reduce costs by exploiting location economics, and adapt when efficient to local conditions.Marrin is most likely following a(n)________ strategy.
A)global
B)localization
C)transnational
D)international
Q2) A company that develops different capabilities and contributions from different countries and shares them in integrated worldwide operations is using a transnational strategy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the context of value chain analysis, the support activities of a firm include ________.
A)outbound logistics, human resources, and information systems
B)production, marketing, and operations
C)shipping and customer service
D)research and development
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Country Evaluation and Selection
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Questions
Q1) Gucci, a maker of luxury fashion and leather goods, plans to expand its sales market.The firm needs to compare countries for the market potential of its products.Which of the following is the best indicator for Gucci to use?
A)per capita income in each country
B)population size of each country
C)the number of millionaires in each country
D)gross domestic product for each country
Q2) In which of the following situations would tax rate differences among countries be most important for deciding where to place an investment?
A)Companies find advantages in being located near specialized private and public institutions.
B)Companies must compare the benefits of labor- versus capital-intensive production.
C)Companies want to serve an entire region within a regional trading bloc.
D)Companies must deal with difficult start-up regulations.
Q3) What are the major types of published data that managers can use to compare countries? Describe the tools available to managers for making country comparisons.
Q4) Why do companies engage in international harvesting or divestment?
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Chapter 14: Export and Import
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Q1) According to the research described in your text, which of the following is among the factors that would increase a firm's probability of exporting?
A)low domestic productivity
B)high domestic labor costs
C)high level of efficiency
D)high R & D demands
Q2) What is a born global? How has technology triggered the growth of born globals?
Q3) The primary responsibilities of the ________ are the assessment and collection of all duties, taxes, and fees on imported merchandise, the enforcement of customs and related laws, and the administration of certain navigation laws and treaties.
A)U.S. Customs and Border Protection
B)U.S. Secret Service
C)Internal Revenue Service
D)Food and Drug Administration
Q4) An export trading company (ETC)works with many manufacturers rather than representing a single manufacturer
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Direct Investment and Collaborative Strategies
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Q1) Small economies are sometimes less successful than large countries in attracting FDI by raising import restrictions.What is the most likely reason for this?
A)Large economies impose higher trade restrictions.
B)Transportation costs are generally higher in small economies.
C)People in small economies are more nationalistic in their purchases.
D)Small economies frequently lack sufficient markets for large-scale production.
Q2) In collaborative arrangements, when one partner cedes control to another partner, it is no longer responsible for problems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is an argument for using a collaborative agreement?
A)to prevent problems caused by minority shareholders
B)to preserve a concentration strategy
C)to secure vertical and horizontal links
D)to maintain better control
Q4) Wholly owned operations abroad inhibit a company's ability to pursue a global strategy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: The Organization of International Business
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Q1) Chapman Enterprises is an MNE that markets a diverse portfolio of products including jewelry, luggage, and furniture.Which structure would most likely be used by Chapman?
A)international division
B)functional division
C)geographic division
D)product division
Q2) A common feature of neoclassical structures is greater cross-functional collaboration.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The functional structure is ideal when the company faces complex and changing environments.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The keiretsu structure, long used by Japanese companies, is an example of virtual organization.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Marketing Globally
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Q1) Which of the following BEST depicts a push strategy for a U.S.company selling in Mexico?
A)Tupperware selling through parties in homes
B)Gillette selling razor blades through supermarkets
C)KFC selling chicken dinners at its franchises
D)Google advertising on television
Q2) Which of the following BEST describes a company that follows a social marketing orientation?
A)It considers political and safety dimensions of its products.
B)It is a not-for-profit entity based in a developed country.
C)It is a government-owned entity from an emerging economy.
D)It generates sales to niche markets using social networking sites.
Q3) ________ is the most common way of identifying market segments within a country.
A)Psychographics
B)The Internet
C)Gap analysis
D)Demographics
Q4) How do foreign government regulations affect pricing and promotion for international businesses?
Page 19
Q5) In a short essay, describe the various reasons for product alteration.
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Chapter 18: Global Manufacturing and Supply Chain Management
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Q1) Logistics is also known as materials management.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The need for greater efficiency, which is closely linked to ________, forces MNEs to align their overall strategy with operations.
A)higher costs
B)quality control
C)cost reduction
D)flexibility
Q3) MedCo uses an IT system that labels a product with an electronic tag to provide real-time information.Which of the following does MedCo most likely use?
A)EDI (electronic data interchange)
B)RFID (radio frequency ID)
C)PTX (private technology exchange)
D)ERP (enterprise resource planning)
Q4) Keiretsus is one of the two major configurations of sourcing.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe total quality management.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: International Accounting and Finance Issues
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Q1) A company can hedge their foreign-currency risk by using ________ financial contracts such as forward contracts and options.
A)cash flow
B)multidomestic
C)lead
D)derivative
Q2) Germany's accounting system has historically been a ________ system.
A)micro-pragmatic
B)macro-pragmatic
C)law-based
D)political-based
Q3) The accounting value that relates to issues such as how to present financial information and discuss financial results is known as ________.
A)measurement
B)conservatism
C)disclosure
D)optimism
Q4) How do exchange rates affect budgets used to evaluate performance in MNEs?
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Chapter 20: International Human Resource Management
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Q1) The HRM requirements of a(n)________ strategy are well matched with a polycentric staffing policy.
A)transnational
B)international
C)multidomestic
D)global
Q2) Watson Electronics, an MNE based in Canada, tends to follow an ethnocentric staffing model.From which group will it most likely hire for upper-level management positions in its new facility in Germany?
A)home-country nationals
B)third-country nationals
C)host-country nationals
D)local citizens
Q3) An example of a third-country national is a ________.
A)dual citizen (Canadian and U.S. citizenship)working for a Mexican company in Mexico
B)Canadian citizen working for a U.S. company in Canada
C)U.S. citizen working for a U.S. company in Canada
D)Canadian citizen working for a U.S. company in Mexico
Q4) List and discuss the main components of an expatriate's compensation package.
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