Counseling and Human Development Practice Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores foundational concepts in counseling and human development, focusing on the psychological, social, and emotional factors that shape individual growth across the lifespan. Students will examine major theories of human development, including cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial perspectives, and learn how these inform counseling techniques and practices. Through case studies and experiential activities, the course emphasizes the application of counseling skills to support clients in overcoming developmental challenges, fostering resilience, and promoting mental well-being in diverse cultural contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Life Span Human Development 9th Edition by Carol
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17 Chapters
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Page 2
K. Sigelman
Chapter 1: Understanding Life-Span Human Development
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120 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) From a developmental perspective,a person who has just turned 21 is not considered a child and is also not considered an adult.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) In the field of developmental psychology,the main reason that the correlational method is used more often than experimental methods is because A)correlations are more effective at addressing the issue of cause.
B)of ethical concerns.
C)correlational research is significantly more scientifically rigorous.
D)of the availability of computers.
Answer: B
Q3) A theory is a specific prediction generated by a hypothesis.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Theories of Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) In operant conditioning terms,a negative consequence
A)reinforces an action.
B)punishes an action.
C)occurs when something is removed.
D)occurs when something is added.
Answer: C
Q2) Jiao is 15 years old.She spends countless hours alone and in conversation with her peers trying to figure out what it is she wants to do with her life.Jiao is in which of the following of Erikson's psychosocial stages?
A)Identity versus role confusion
B)Industry versus inferiority
C)Initiative versus guilt
D)Intimacy versus isolation
Answer: A
Q3) Erikson's theory is different from Freud's because it
A)places greater emphasis on biological influences.
B)describes development in terms of stages.
C)focuses on possibilities for growth beyond adolescence.
D)involves the resolution of crises.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Genes,Environment,and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an accurate comparison of people with Down syndrome and people with Klinefelter syndrome?
A)They both have cells with 47 chromosomes,but the extra chromosome in Klinefelter syndrome is a sex chromosome and in Down syndrome,it is one of the other chromosomes.
B)They both have cells with 47 chromosomes,and in both cases,it is an extra sex chromosome.
C)There is an extra chromosome in Down syndrome,while there are fewer than the normal number of chromosomes in Klinefelter syndrome.
D)There is an extra X chromosome in Klinefelter syndrome and a missing X chromosome in Down syndrome.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is most likely to be an inherited trait?
A)scoring low on academic proficiency tests
B)having a weight problem at middle age
C)working with animals as a career path
D)voting for Democratic party candidates
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Prenatal Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neurons that will become part of the cerebral cortex migrate by A)being passively pushed to their location.
B)traveling along the surface of glial cells.
C)following dendrites.
D)diffusion.
Q2) Explain the concept of critical periods in human development and their relationship to teratogens.Provide two examples of critical periods for specific areas of human development.
Q3) Traffic has been very heavy the past several weeks for the massive migration of neurons.When will traffic finally lighten up?
A)7 weeks after conception
B)10 weeks after conception
C)16 weeks after conception
D)22 weeks after conception
Q4) The region of the brain that governs critical thinking processes is one of the first to develop during the prenatal period.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Body, Brain, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Melissa is 15 years old.All of her friends have become notably "adolescent" in appearance.They have pubic hair and underarm hair and have experienced the "adolescent growth spurt." Melissa has no pubic or underarm hair,and still looks much more like a young girl than an adolescent.The most likely culprit for Melissa's plight is a malfunction of the A)central nervous system.
B)ovaries.
C)hypothalamus.
D)thyroid.
Q2) Martha has been having difficulty dealing with the effects of menopause,so Dr.Dhillon prescribed ________ as HRT.
A)progesterone and testosterone
B)testosterone and androgen
C)androgen and estrogen
D)estrogen and progesterone
Q3) Which behavior is most difficult for a child to perform?
A)Walking in a straight line
B)Hopping on one foot
C)Hitting a ball with a bat
D)Tapping a pen
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Chapter 6: Sensation, Perception, and Action
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sasha went to her school's computer lab to work on a coding project due for a class.She was at the lab for two hours.How much time did Sasha spend working only on the coding project?
A)about 10 minutes
B)about 30 minutes
C)about 50 minutes
D)about 75 minutes
Q2) How should you react to a policy that supports the initial testing of hearing at age three and a half years?
A)Great idea,because this is the beginning of a sensitive period for development of potential auditory problems.
B)Great idea,but since few hearing problems occur before this age,you are unlikely to identify any children with hearing problems.
C)Bad idea,because by the time those with significant hearing loss reach this age,they are at significant risk for life-long speech and language difficulties.
D)Bad idea,as accurate assessment of hearing is not possible until age five.
Q3) Describe the quality of the senses of taste,smell,touch,temperature,and pain of the typical one-year-old.
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Chapter 7: Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) A preoperational thinker is most likely to exhibit _____ thought.
A)decentration
B)reversible
C)static
D)transformational
Q2) A _____ circular reaction is a repetitive action that involves something in an infant's external environment.
A)transitory
B)primary
C)secondary
D)tertiary
Q3) One key difference between formal operational thought and concrete operational thought is that formal operational thinkers
A)show more centration.
B)can apply thoughts to real objects.
C)can solve conservation tasks.
D)can think about hypotheticals.
Q4) Use Piaget's terminology and concepts to describe cognitive development from birth to age two years.
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Chapter 8: Memory and Information Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how personal,subjective factors influence a person's memory.Give examples to support your thinking.
Q2) The fact that some forms of amnesia destroy explicit memory but not implicit memory indicates that
A)these forms of memory operate independently.
B)implicit memory is learned and explicit is innate.
C)explicit memory develops earlier than implicit memory.
D)long-term memory lacks organization.
Q3) How do American cultural attitudes and media have an impact on the memory capabilities of older adults? What might be done to change this dynamic? Provide examples to support your thinking.
Q4) Because she believes in overlapping waves theory,Flavia would most likely argue that her six-year-old daughter,Estella, A)is in the formal stage of thinking.
B)has multiple problem strategies available to her.
C)cannot recall any event prior to her third birthday.
D)has no recognition memory.
Q5) Describe examples of rehearsal,chunking,and elaboration strategies used by a child and the same strategies used by an adult.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Creativity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be the best visual model for human intelligence?
A)a single,large box
B)a set of dots in a line
C)a set of stacked steps
D)a random scatter of dots
Q2) Which statement is true?
A)During adolescence,IQ scores become more predictable but creativity varies.
B)During adolescence,creativity becomes more predictable but IQ scores vary.
C)During adolescence,both IQ scores and creativity become more predictable.
D)During adolescence,both IQ scores and creativity tend to be variable.
Q3) Mahmoud completed his first IQ test on the WPPSI-IV scale at age 7.This score had a correlation of +.76 with his IQ score at age 9.How will the correlation of Mahmoud's IQ score at age 23 change in relation to his score at age 7?
A)It will increase by .15
B)It will decrease by .30
C)It will decrease by .20
D)It will decrease by .35
Q4) Provide three examples from US culture that can lead to stereotype threat for African Americans.What strategies would you suggest to help alleviate stereotype threat?
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Chapter 10: Language and Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on cross-cultural research,parents who want their children to be high academic achievers should do which of the following?
A)reduce focus on goals and emphasize mastery
B)emphasize high standards and self-reliance
C)set high goals and provide consistent support
D)enable teachers to fully guide their activities
Q2) Write a brief proposal that outlines your recommended early education strategies to assist low-income urban children.Provide at least three ideas for both the educational and the environmental components,and support your thinking.
Q3) The intrinsic drive to be successful in one's environment defines
A)mastery motivation.
B)external motivation.
C)learned helplessness.
D)metalinguistic awareness.
Q4) Which is the typical order of linguistic attainment (from earliest to latest)?
A)Coo,then babble,then holophrase,then telegraphic speech
B)Babble,then coo,then holophrase,then telegraphic speech
C)Coo,then babble,then telegraphic speech,then holophrase
D)Babble,then coo,then telegraphic speech,then holophrase
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Chapter 11: Self and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be considered a dispositional trait?
A)feeling fear at a bloody horror movie
B)feeling nervous about a final exam
C)feeling anxious starting a new job
D)feeling worried about life in general
Q2) Jackson is about to retire.In preparation,he has begun to take up golf as a way to fill some of the time he would normally have been at work.Jackson's response best fits with the _____ theory concerning successful aging.
A)temperament
B)activity
C)disengagement
D)stagnation
Q3) A toddler who can recognize himself in a mirror likely has the ability to recognize and respond to the emotions of other children at the playground.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is self-esteem,and how does it change across the lifespan? What factors influence self-esteem in positive or negative directions?
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13
Chapter 12: Gender Roles and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Give two examples from your life of people who have demonstrated the social role theory.Then give two examples of people who have contradicted the social role theory.
Q2) A group of freshmen football players are talking about how great their sex lives will likely be once they get on the varsity team.They're also talking about getting a vaccine someone heard about that can protect them from an STI.What do they hope to avoid by getting the vaccine?
A)chlamydia
B)herpes
C)gonorrhea
D)genital warts
Q3) Gender stability involves understanding that gender is stable across situations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Parents may perpetuate gender-role stereotypes through differential reinforcement of their children's behavior.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Social Cognition and Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kohlberg's model of moral development has been characterized as placing too great an emphasis on
A)genes.
B)moral reasoning.
C)peers.
D)unconscious motivation.
Q2) How would a typical four-year-old most likely describe his sister?
A)"She is kind of is moody."
B)"She eats corn flakes."
C)"She is a good friend."
D)"Everyone says she's smart."
Q3) Which neurological component has been implicated in the development of a theory of mind?
A)Mirror neurons
B)Glial cells
C)amygdala
D)hypothalamus
Q4) Desire psychology has been seen in children as young as six months of age.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) When asked to describe himself,Dewayne says,"I don't need people,I don't need relationships,I am fine on my own." This attitude best fits with the _____ model of self.
A)secure
B)dismissing
C)preoccupied
D)fearful
Q2) Molly's classmates rarely choose her as a playmate,yet she is not disliked by most of her peers.She tends to be shy and quiet,and on rare occasions when someone does ask her to play,Molly often says no and walks away.According to categories of sociometric status,Molly is best classified as A)neglected.
B)rejected.
C)antisocial.
D)controversial.
Q3) Which scenario best illustrates chumship?
A)Seventy-year-olds Kate and Ron,who have been happily married for 40 years
B)Forty-somethings Tasha and Steve,who are really enjoying their first date
C)Five-year-old Sorboni,who is on a great camping trip with her dad Pradeep
D)Third-graders Terrell and Chung,who are best friends.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: The Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is true regarding parent-adolescent relationships?
A)Interactions in childhood have no impact on an adolescent's relationship with his or her parents.
B)The conflict level between teens and parents has grown dramatically during the past few decades.
C)Parent-child relationships from the teen years through middle age is marked by dramatic highs and lows.
D)Most adolescents respect their parents.
Q2) Which statement concerning parenting styles and culture is true?
A)Parents in collectivist cultures stress the importance of childhood autonomy.
B)Native-American parents feel that it is a parent's place to force children to do what they feel is right.
C)African-American children view coercive parenting as a sign of care and not hostility.
D)Children in individualistic cultures tend to have more authoritarian parents.
Q3) What parenting style was employed in your family when you were growing up? If you had two active parents,did they both use the same style,or different styles? How were you affected by this parenting?
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Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Due to improved treatment methods,the rate of autism in the United States is declining.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Greater restrictions on guns would likely decrease the rate of completed suicide for adolescent males.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A group of 10 children with autism spectrum disorder are touring a new treatment center with their parents.How many of these children are securely attached with their parents?
A)0
B)2
C)4
D)6
Q4) A defining feature of anorexia nervosa is a binge-purge syndrome pattern.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast dementia and delirium and explain why it is important to understand the distinction.
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Chapter 17: The Final Challenge: Death and Dying
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Sample Questions
Q1) When he was in second grade,Rashid's father was killed in a construction accident.What is the likelihood that Rashid will be having considerable adjustment problems when he is in fourth grade?
A)5 percent
B)20 percent
C)40 percent
D)65 percent
Q2) Describe the grief work perspective and how a person would follow it.Why does this perspective have limited support? Provide at least two examples to support your thinking.
Q3) The culturally prescribed way of responding to death is called grieving
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which statement represents an understanding of the most cognitively challenging aspect of death?
A)"The dead cannot see you from beyond."
B)"Once dead,always dead."
C)"Everyone eventually dies."
D)"You can die from something invisible inside of you."
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