Conservation Science Solved
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Conservation Science explores the scientific principles and practices essential for understanding, preserving, and restoring biodiversity and ecosystems. The course covers key topics such as the value and measurement of biodiversity, threats to species and habitats, conservation genetics, the effects of climate change, habitat management, and policy approaches for promoting sustainability. Through case studies and applied projects, students learn to assess conservation priorities, formulate management plans, and evaluate the effectiveness of conservation strategies at local, regional, and global scales. The course emphasizes interdisciplinary approaches and ethical considerations necessary for addressing contemporary challenges in conservation.
Recommended Textbook
Environmental Science 14th Edition by
G. Tyler Miller
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1891 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability
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Sample Questions
Q1) If poverty stricken people in developing countries engage in activities that degrade valuable natural resources, which two statistics do you think are driving those actions?
Answer: Lack of enough fuel for heating and cooking, as they harvest wood from forests, and lack of enough food for good health as they hunt and take fish or wildlife to feed themselves
Q2) Developed countries
A) are high-income
B) are low-income
C) use about 88% of the world's resources
D) make up about 80% of the world's population
E) Are high-income and use about 88% of the worlds resources
Answer: E
Q3) Which of the following terms encompasses all of the others?
A) natural capital
B) natural resources
C) natural services
D) renewable resources
E) nonrenewable resources
Answer: A
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Science, Matter, and Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the physical states and chemical forms of matter?
Answer: Matter has three physical states: solid, liquid and gas. It has two chemical forms: elements and compounds.
Q2) heat in oceans
A)High-quality matter
B)Low-quality matter
C)High-quality energy
D)Low-quality energy
E)Both high-quality matter and high-quality energy
Answer: D
Q3) Ions are atoms or groups of atoms that have
A) Gained or lost an electron
B) Gained or lost a proton
C) Gained or lost a neutron
D) Gained or lost either an electron or a proton
E) different numbers of protons and neutrons in the same atom
Answer: A
Q4) A tentative explanation that needs further investigation is called a(n)
Answer: hypothesis
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Ecosystems: What Are They and How Do They Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) Electrical storms and lightning fix _________into a form that plants and animals can use.
A) Phosphorus
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon
D) Sulfur
E) Water
Answer: B
Q2) Bacteria, deer, humans, and spiders are all examples of ____________________.
Answer: organisms
Q3) Transpiration from plants
A)Hydrologic
B)Carbon
C)Nitrogen
D)phosphorus
E)sulfur
Answer: A
Q4) On the figure of the hydrological cycle, choose the letter that represents transpiration.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Biodiversity and Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fossil record is incomplete because
A) Not all fossils have been found.
B) Some fossils have decomposed.
C) Some life forms left no fossils.
D) Some life forms have left no fossils and some have decomposed
E) Not all fossils have been found, some have decomposted and some life forms have left no fossils.
Q2) The bird species known to forage in shrublands after they have experienced a wildfire are very different from the bird species that forage in shrublands that have not burned. In fact, the bird species foraging in burned shrublands are closely correlated with the age of the burn, or the number of years that have passed since the fire. Certain birds forage at one-year post fire, different birds forage at three-years post fire, and so on. These birds could be called
A) foundation species
B) keystone species
C) generalist species
D) indicator species
E) newly evolved species
Q3) The shifting of tectonic plates can cause ____________________.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Biodiversity, Species Interactions, and Population Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ starts slowly but then accelerates as the population increases.
Q2) For the graph shown above of animal species A and animal species B, which animal is the predator and which animal is the prey species?
Q3) On the ecological succession figure, choose the letter that represents the initiation of secondary ecological succession.
Q4) Some predators hide in plain sight before ambushing their prey by virtue of their____________.
Q5) The Owl Butterfly is native to Costa Rica. Its hindwings have patterns in the shape and size of the eyes of a large owl.
A)interspecific competition
B)Predation
C)Parasitism
D)mutualism
E)commensalism
F)mimicry
Q6) ____________________ is the combination of all factors that act to limit the growth of a population.
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Chapter 6: The Human Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about Vauban, a suburb of Freiberg, Germany,is false?
A) A small minority of homeowner own cars
B) Street parking is forbidden.
C) Each home is within walking distance of trains going to and from surrounding areas.
D) Most homes are single family homes.
E) The town has a car-sharing club.
Q2) List and briefly describe the seven factors that affect a country's average birth rate and total fertility rate.
Q3) Between 1850 and the present time, the global urban revolution resulted in urban population increasing from
A) 2% to 50%
B) 7% to 62%
C) 14% to 43%
D) 15% to 92%
E) 25% to 95%
Q4) Explain the term demographic momentum and provide a real-life example.
Q5) Briefly discuss the baby boomers and their effect on our population profile.
Q6) Most urban areas are ____________________ systems.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Climate and Biodiversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Through your binoculars you observe a pack of wolves stalking a caribou separated from its herd. Geese take to the air, departing the boggy scene. You are most likely in A) Desert
B) topical grassland
C) temperate grassland
D) Arctic tundra
E) Savanna
Q2) All of the following are greenhouse gases except A) carbon dioxide
B) water vapor
C) Methane
D) Nitrogen
E) nitrous oxide
Q3) Deciduous forests are typically located at higher altitudes than coniferous forests.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Tropical rainforests are dominated by ____________________plants.
Q5) Explain briefly how global warming negatively impacts coral reefs.
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Chapter 8: Sustaining Biodiversity: the Species Approach
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Sample Questions
Q1) Scientists believe that human activities that cause ____________________ and climate change will have a serious impact on premature extinctions.
Q2) Recent genetic research indicates that ____ or more individuals are needed for an endangered species to maintain its capacity for biological evolution.
A) 10
B) 100
C) 1,000
D) 10,000
E) 100,000
Q3) Briefly discuss the giant African snail scenario in Brazil.
Q4) As an example of how individuals matter in the efforts to save wild species, describe how poachers in Thailand became part of the ecotourism industry.
Q5) American bison
A)international regulatory laws
B)U.S. regulatory laws
C)wildlife refuges
D)botanical gardens
E)captive breeding programs
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Chapter 9: Sustaining Biodiversity: the Ecosystem Approach
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Sample Questions
Q1) Costa Rica is a global conservation leader. A)True
B)False
Q2) Using the above pictured chart, explain which country would gain the most from adopting a debt-for-nature swap?
Q3) Scientists estimate that _________ __________ _______account for at least 17% of all human-created greenhouse gas emissions.
Q4) As a consequence of the reintroduction of the gray wolf into Yellowstone National Park and northern Idaho, the following other wild species have made a comeback: A) Beavers
B) round squirrels, mice, and gophers
C) willow, aspen, and cottonwood trees
D) beavers, ground squirrels, mice, gophers, willow, aspen and cottonwood trees.
E) wolf reintroduction caused other species to decline, not reemerge or increase.
Q5) What area on the graph represents the point when fishermen began to use bottom trawlers to catch fish?
Q6) Wilderness serves as a(n) ____________________ bank.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Food, Soil, and Pest Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to conventional tillage, conservation tillage
A) reduces fuel and tillage costs
B) accelerates water loss from the soil
C) causes soil compaction
D) requires increased use of herbicides
E) can qualify the farmer for more government subsidies
Q2) The sale and use of pesticides in the United States is regulated by which agencies?
A) FDA, EPA, and USDA
B) USDA, FDA, and ATF
C) CIA, FDA, and USDA
D) FBI, FDA, and EPA
E) EPA, ATF, and FBI
Q3) Overgrazing by cattle can ultimately result in water pollution.
A)True
B)False
Q4) produces about 80% of the world's food
A)industrialized agriculture
B)organic agriculture
Q5) The irrigation system with the lowest efficiency rating is __________________.
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Chapter 11: Water Resources and Water Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) On the dilution and decay of degradable wastes figure, choose the zone in which the breakdown of degradable wastes by bacteria starts to deplete the dissolved oxygen.
Q2) On the primary and secondary sewage treatment figure, choose the letter that represents where suspended solids settle out as sludge in the physical process of sewage treatment.
Q3) Which of the following aquatic ecosystems is most capable of diluting, dispersing, and degrading large amounts of sewage, sludge, and oil?
A) estuary
B) swiftly flowing stream
C) deep-water ocean
D) coastal parts of the ocean
E) slow-moving river
Q4) On the primary and secondary sewage treatment figure, choose the letter that represents where sludge is dried before being disposed of.
Q5) Using statistics presented in this chapter, discuss the problem with groundwater contamination in the United States.
Q6) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of large dams and reservoirs.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) On the figure of the tectonic plates, choose the letter that represents the oceanic crust.
Q2) On the figure of the earth's crust, choose the letter that represents hot material rising through the mantle.
Q3) Which of the following is true?
A) A portion of the mantle is solid rock and a portion of it is molten.
B) The inner core is liquid, whereas the outer core is solid.
C) Extreme pressure makes the interior of the Earth liquid.
D) The core of the Earth occupies most of its volume.
E) The thickest zone is the crust.
Q4) Surface mining can result in deforestation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Plate tectonics has helped to promote global biodiversity over geologic time.
A)True
B)False
Q6) A(n) ____________________ is an element or inorganic compound that occurs naturally in the Earth's crust.
Q7) Which area on the graphic represents the magma conduit?
Page 14
Q8) The Richter scale measures the amplitude of ____________________.
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Chapter 13: Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A process for extracting natural gas that is causing a growing environmental problem involves hydraulic fracturing of rocks and is called
A) deep well mining
B) strip mining
C) offshore drilling
D) deep water drilling
E) fracking
Q2) At present consumption rates, projected world crude oil reserves will be 80% depleted
A) some time between 2011 and 2061
B) at the beginning of the next millennium
C) between 2050 and 2100
D) by 2050, unless the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is opened to oil drilling
E) by 2025, unless the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is opened to oil drilling
Q3) Current models of the gasoline-electric car
A) may get up to 30 miles per gallon on the freeway
B) get up to 51 miles per gallon
C) cannot be used in wet weather
D) do not have the ability to climb steep hills
E) get up to 35 miles per gallon
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Chapter 14: Environmental Hazards and Human Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person experiencing dizziness after using a strong household cleaner is showing A) a chronic effect
B) a subchronic effect
C) an acute effect
D) a subacute effect
E) a superacute effect
Q2) The three diseases that cause the majority of deaths worldwide are influenza, hepatitis-B, and SARS.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Effectively combating the spread of malaria has become more challenging since the 1970s because:
A) The Anopheles mosquito has become genetically resistant to most pesticides.
B) Plasmodium parasites have become resistant to most antimalarial drugs.
C) The flea that transmits the disease has become resistant to pesticides.
D) None of these answers.
E) Two of these answers.
Q4) On this graph, what dose in hypothetical units did it take to kill 25% of the population?
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Chapter 15: Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Ozone
Depletion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Actions you can take at home to help with the problem of climate change include insulating your hot water heater and setting the temperature no higher than 49 <sup>o</sup>C. These actions greatly reduce heat released into the atmosphere, and thus help with global warming.
A)True
B)False
Q2) President George W. Bush withdrew U.S. participation from the Kyoto Protocol, arguing that participation would harm the U.S. economy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) On the sources and types of air pollutants figure, choose the letter that represents SO<sub>3</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, PANs, and most NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> salts.
Q4) In the last 10,000 years, when did the temperature reach a maximum?
Q5) _____________________ has been referred to as a methane time bomb because it could release such a high level of methane into the atmosphere.
Page 17
Q6) ____________________ aims to be the first country to become carbon neutral.
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Chapter 16: Solid and Hazardous Waste
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Q1) Composting and source-separation recycling are both effective in reducing waste.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In primary recycling, waste products are converted into different products.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Obstacles to recycling include
A) lack of inclusion of environmental costs in market prices
B) tax breaks for mining virgin materials
C) lack of large, steady markets for recycled materials
D) all of these answers
E) none of these answers
Q4) The products of composting can be used to slow soil erosion, retain water, and improve crop yields.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Once lead was eliminated from gasoline, the problem of unsafe blood levels of lead in young children ceased in the United States.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Environmental Economics, Politics, and Worldviews
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these ideas is an important component of environmental literacy?
A) Natural capital is expendable
B) Ecological footprints of the more- developed world are balanced by those of the less-developed world.
C) Ecological tipping points are irreversible and should not be crossed
D) Ecological tipping points can be balanced by reforestation and restoration efforts
E) gloom-and-doom pessimism in the critical evaluation of experts and leaders
Q2) Ecological and climate change ____________________ are irreversible and should never be crossed.
Q3) Is your campus a green campus (yes or no)? If it is a green campus, explain how. If it is not, explain some things that could be done on your campus to convert it to being green.
Q4) Full-cost pricing
A) involves making the market price approach the true cost of economic goods
B) fails to include the cost of pollution
C) omits the costs of taxes
D) increases the chance for environmental degradation
E) all of these answers
Q5) List seven things you can do to influence environmental policy.
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