Conservation Science Question
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Course Introduction
Conservation Science is an interdisciplinary field that integrates principles from biology, ecology, environmental science, and social sciences to understand and develop strategies for the protection and management of biodiversity and natural resources. This course explores human impacts on ecosystems, the causes and consequences of species extinctions, and the theoretical and practical approaches to conserving habitats and wildlife. Students will examine case studies, ethical considerations, policy frameworks, and the roles of technology and community engagement in advancing conservation goals. Through lectures, discussions, and hands-on activities, the course prepares students to address real-world environmental challenges and contribute to sustainable solutions for preserving the planet's natural heritage.
Recommended Textbook
Principles of Environmental Science Companion Site 6th Edition by William P. Cunningham
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464 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Understanding Our Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) A group of concerned citizens are collecting water samples from a local river to detect the level of nitrogen in the water. They plan to take samples every day for a month and then will divide the sum by the number of days they sampled. What is the group trying to do?
A) determine the mean level of nitrogen in the water
B) determine the average level of nitrogen in the water
C) determine the confidence level of the sample
D) both determine the mean level of nitrogen in the water and determine the average level of nitrogen in the water
E) both determine the average level of nitrogen in the water and determine the confidence level of the sample
Answer: D
Q2) Random samples are used
A) to eliminate bias from a study
B) Only when large samples are not available
C) To eliminate the need for a rigorous method of choice
D) Only in double-blind medical experiments
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Environmental Systems: Connections, Cycles,
Flows and Feedback Loops
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is not a characteristic of acids?
A) they readily give up hydrogen ions
B) they have a pH of less than 7
C) they react easily with living tissue
D) they react easily with nonliving minerals
E) all of these are characteristic of acids
Answer: E
Q2) What implication(s) does the second law of thermodynamics have for biological systems?
A) Systems cannot create energy because energy is neither created nor destroyed.
B) With each transformation, less available energy is available to do work so older systems have less energy.
C) A constant supply of energy is necessary for maintenance of biological systems.
D) Energy is unlimited because it is used and reused by living organisms.
E) None of these is an implication of the second law of thermodynamics.
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Evolution, Species Interactions, and Biological Communities
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the difference in the adaptation of a sled dog's (such as a Husky) thick coat of hair to help it withstand the cold temperatures of Arctic winters and a dog that adapts to cold temperatures in the fall by growing a thickened coat? The adaptation of the sled dog best describes adaptation at the ____________ level while the dog exposed to seasonal colder temperatures has _____________.
A) regional; natural selection at the individual level
B) individual; physiological modifications at the population level
C) population; physiological modifications at the individual level
D) species; natural selection at the population level
E) ecosystem; physiological modifications at the individual level
Answer: C
Q2) Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____________ while secondary succession occurs when one ________.
A) into a climax community; species replaces another
B) and replaces another; ecosystem becomes stable
C) on unoccupied ground; biological community replaces another
D) and then fails; niche changes
E) intraspecific competition; experiences interspecific competition
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Human Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The graph indicates that more children die
A) in the last stage of the demographic transition.
B) in the first stage of the demographic transition.
C) when their mothers are illiterate.
D) when their mothers are literate.
E) when their mothers are poor.
Q2) So far, the most successful and popular solution(s) to global overpopulation has/have been mandatory sterilization.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Technological optimists argue that technological advances have A) led to the increase in human population but whether we can continue is of great concern.
B) proven Marx wrong in his predictions of famine and disaster.
C) proven Malthus wrong in his predictions of famine and disaster.
D) been developed because there are more people, supporting the view that more people are the "ultimate resource."
E) been a neutral factor in the issue of population growth.
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6
Chapter 5: Biomes and Biodiversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) What biome is characterized by moderate temperatures and abundant precipitation?
A) chaparral
B) tropical rainforest
C) temperate rainforest
D) taiga
E) No biome has moderate temperatures and abundant precipitation.
Q2) Habitat fragmentation usually leads to a(n)
A) decrease in biodiversity.
B) reduction in the number of introduced species.
C) increase in biodiversity due to the isolated populations.
D) increase in the number of introduced species.
E) more stable environment.
Q3) The location of specific biomes can be predicted based on A) the Coriolis Effect.
B) the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
C) precipitation and temperature.
D) seasonal variations in sunspots.
E) large landforms in the area.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Environmental Conservation: Forests Grasslands
Parks and Nature Preserves
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Sample Questions
Q1) An increased number of cowbirds (a species that likes areas where grassland and forests meet) would be an indicator of
A) overharvest of timber.
B) overgrazing of grasslands.
C) increased edge habitat.
D) decreased biodiversity.
E) lack of proper habitat management.
Q2) The first symptom of range overgrazing is usually
A) gullying.
B) the absence of trees.
C) the compaction of soils.
D) desertification.
E) the disappearance of palatable herbs.
Q3) Annually, the Forest Service __________ on timber sales mainly because of the emphasis on ________________.
A) makes a profit; building roads into wilderness areas
B) loses money; building roads into wilderness areas
C) loses money; exporting logs to Canada
D) makes a profit; exporting logs to Canada
E) loses money; replanting
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Food and Agriculture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are forms of chemical deterioration of soil?
A) salinization and acidification
B) waterlogging and laterization
C) compaction and nutrient depletion
D) pollution and waterlogging
E) water and wind erosion
Q2) More than 70% of all soybeans, corn, and cotton grown in the United States are genetically modified.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The number of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the acreage devoted to growing them has decreased in the past fifteen years because of the huge number of opponents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) You can participate in sustainable agriculture by
A) buying local produce.
B) eating lower on the food chain.
C) participating in CSAs.
D) doing all of the things listed above.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology
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Sample Questions
Q1) When comparing the toxicity of natural and synthetic chemicals, natural chemicals are ________ synthetic chemicals.
A) nearly always less toxic than B) nearly always more toxic than C) on average, just as toxic
D) much safer
E) more difficult to detect
Q2) Organisms are physiologically able to minimize some of the effects of toxins if A) a minimal amount is taken into the body.
B) there is no exposure.
C) chemists develop vaccines and antibodies
D) DNA technology is used to change the individual's susceptibility.
Q3) The EPA usually assumes an acceptable risk for environmental hazards is about 1 in A) 100
B) 1000
C) 10,000
D) 100,000
E) 1 million
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10
Chapter 9: Air: Climate and Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the excessive carbon dioxide that is expected to cause global warming is generated by
A) green plants.
B) burning of fossil fuels.
C) production of cement and clearing of forests.
D) All of these are correct.
E) burning of fossil fuels and production of cement and clearing of forests only.
Q2) What type of buildings and monuments are most susceptible to acid damage?
A) granite and basalt
B) wood
C) limestone and marble
D) concrete and brick
E) brick and bronze
Q3) There has been an increase in frequency and intensity of storms and hurricanes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Nineteen of the 20 warmest of the last 150 years have occurred since 1980.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Water: Resources and Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n) ______________ is all the land drained by a particular river.
A) reservoir
B) water table
C) watershed
D) recharge zone
E) aquifer
Q2) The residence time for an average water molecule in the ocean is about ________ years.
A) 2
B) 60
C) 850
D) 3000
E) 12000
Q3) The place where aquifers are most likely to be contaminated is at
A) artesian springs.
B) seeps and other outlets.
C) recharge zones.
D) all discharge and recharge areas.
E) the zone of aeration.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Environmental Geology and Earth Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evaporites, formed from ___________, are important economically because they are often found at or above 97% purity and are __________.
A) igneous rocks; important due to their strength, lightness, and malleability
B) metamorphic rocks; important due to their strength, lightness, and malleability
C) sedimentary rocks; important due to their strength, lightness, and malleability
D) igneous rocks; therefore concentrated in economically recoverable levels
E) sedimentary rocks; therefore concentrated in economically recoverable levels
Q2) Metamorphic rocks are produced when rocks are
A) chemically weathered.
B) recrystallized by heat and pressure.
C) physically broken down.
D) melted in the mantle and recrystallized.
E) recrystallized through chemical processes.
Q3) The eruption of a volcano can cause global climate changes by causing stratospheric ozone reduction, allowing increased ultraviolet light to reach the Earth's surface.
A)True
B)False
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13
Chapter 12: Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A glass greenhouse on the south side of a building is an example of A) parabolic collection.
B) an active solar heating system.
C) passive heat absorption.
D) eutectic heat exchange.
E) charging fuel cells to increase efficiency in energy use.
Q2) Fossil fuels currently supply about ____ percent of all world commercial energy supplies.
A) 95
B) 87
C) 75
D) 50
E) 33
Q3) Most of our energy waste in North America results from A) a failure to turn off lights.
B) technological inefficiency.
C) the fact that more efficient energy conversion is not possible.
D) overwhelming public ignorance of conservation issues.
E) the fact that energy conservation techniques are quite expensive.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Solid and Hazardous Waste
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hazardous waste is anything that
A) causes human health threats.
B) severely contaminates the environment.
C) is toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, corrosive, or explosive.
D) has the potential of causing health problems.
E) All of these are correct.
Q2) Which of the following actions would probably encourage efficiency and recycling programs?
A) discontinue energy and water subsidies to industries when they are processing raw materials.
B) discontinue subsidies that favor the extraction of raw materials.
C) consumers asking for and buying products made from recycled products.
D) All of these are correct.
E) discontinue subsidies that favor the extraction of raw materials and consumers asking for and buying products made from recycled products are correct because industries do not receive water and energy subsidies.
Q3) The US stopped all dumping of municipal refuse into oceans in 1958.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Economics and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a major criticism of this type of analysis?
A) People are willing to answer questions about how much they would spend to save the Amazon rainforest.
B) The quantification process compares the value of the lives of indigenous people's lives with the lives of people in the city who would be receiving the electricity.
C) The focus of this type of analysis would be mainly on the hydroelectric project rather than alternatives.
D) Monetary values are placed on intangible things like the river running freely.
E) These are all criticisms of this type of analysis.
Q2) Slums are usually dwelling places that are
A) illegal and built by squatters.
B) legal but have inadequate living conditions.
C) small but up to city code.
D) condemned by the city but illegally occupied.
E) on undeveloped lands in the outskirts of a city.
Q3) Suburbs are known for the presence of artistic and cultural opportunities.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Environmental Policy and Sustainability
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Sample Questions
Q1) Historically, international treaties and conventions were ________________ while more recently they are characterized by ___________________.
A) negotiated by a panel of experts and no nations participating; broad participation and increased speed in the agreements taking force
B) characterized by broad participation; a panel of experts with no participating nations
C) characterized by broad participation and increased speed in enforcement; a panel of experts with no participating nations and slow enforcement
D) characterized by increased speed in enforcement; a panel of experts with no participating nations and slow enforcement
E) negotiated by a panel of experts from nations that are participating; narrow participation and relatively slow action in the agreement taking force
Q2) The Student Environmental Acting Coalition is the largest student environmental group in North America.
A)True
B)False
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