Comparative Zoology
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Comparative Zoology explores the diversity of animal life by examining similarities and differences in anatomy, physiology, development, and evolutionary relationships among major animal groups. The course provides an in-depth analysis of structural adaptations, functional mechanisms, and evolutionary trends that characterize various taxa, from simple invertebrates to complex vertebrates. Students learn to apply comparative methods to understand animals within ecological and phylogenetic contexts, fostering a deeper appreciation of evolutionary processes and the biological innovations that have shaped the animal kingdom.
Recommended Textbook
Zoology 10th Edition by Stephen A Miller Dr
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Zoology: an Evolutionary and Ecological Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of birds is known as A)ornithology.
B)herpetology. C)mammalogy. D)ichthyology.
E)entomology.
Answer: A
Q2) The study of the structure and function of cells is A)anatomy. B)ecology. C)physiology. D)cytology.
E)embryology.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Cells, tissues, organs, and Organ Systems of Animals
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Q1) Membrane proteins that are embedded within the membrane and may function in moving materials across the membrane are called __________ proteins.
A)hydrophobic
B)extrinsic
C)mosaic
D)intrinsic
E)hydrophilic
Answer: D
Q2) Active transport
A)can only move molecules from higher to lower concentrations.
B)uses cellular energy to move molecules from lower to higher concentrations.
C)moves molecules through protein channels by binding them to large lipid molecules.
D)can only move protein molecules.
E)can only move carbohydrate molecules.
Answer: B
Q3) The basic function of neurons is to conduct a nerve impulse.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Cell Division and Inheritance
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Q1) The linear form of RNA that is responsible for carrying a set of genetic instructions into the cytoplasm is A)mRNA.
B)tRNA.
C)rRNA.
D)dRNA.
E)cRNA.
Answer: A
Q2) A DNA nucleotide contains
A)deoxyribose, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
B)ribose, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
C)deoxysucrose, a nucleotide base, and two phosphate groups.
D)deoxyribose, uracil, and a phosphate group.
E)deoxyfructose, nucleic acid, and 2 phosphate groups.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Evolution: History and Evidence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Darwin found fossil remains of several extinct species in South America.He considered the fossils to be evidence that
A)numerous catastrophic events had occurred.
B)acquired characteristics are inherited.
C)the species composition of the planet had changed over time.
D)all life forms are immortal.
E)horses and sloths were closely related.
Q2) Alfred Wallace based his theory of evolution on observations made while he was on a zoological expedition to the
A)Galápagos Islands.
B)Canary Islands.
C)Malay Archipelago.
D)west coast of Australia.
E)Malagasy Republic.
Q3) An important component of Darwin's theory is that
A)natural populations contain genetic variation.
B)acquired characteristics can be inherited.
C)genes are the basic hereditary units.
D)variations are never harmful.
E)non-adaptive traits tend to become more frequent.
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Chapter 5: Evolution and Gene Frequencies
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Q1) The study of the genetic events that occur in a gene pool is
A)geneology.
B)molecular biology.
C)population genetics.
D)phenology.
E)molecular genetics.
Q2) A form of natural selection that occurs when both phenotypic extremes are selected against is __________ selection.
A)directional
B)deleterious
C)discretionary
D)disruptive
E)stabilizing
Q3) Geographic isolation can lead to speciation,and when it does,the speciation is called
A)allelopathic.
B)parapatric.
C)allopatric.
D)parapathetic.
E)sympatric.
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Chapter 6: Ecology: Preserving the Animal Kingdom
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Q1) In a parasitic relationship,the __________ host is the host that harbors the sexual stage of the parasite.
A)definitive
B)intermediate
C)secondary
D)commensal
E)phoretic
Q2) Any element that is essential for life is a/an
A)sediment.
B)biomass.
C)nutrient.
D)life component.
E)necessity.
Q3) When an abiotic factor is out of the range of tolerance for an animal,it becomes a/an
A)acclimation factor.
B)limiting factor.
C)activity repressor.
D)niche suppressor.
E)existence criterion.
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Chapter 7: Animal Taxonomy, phylogeny, and Organization
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Q1) Organisms in this phyla do not exhibit bilateral symmetry.
A)Cnidaria
B)Annelida
C)Mollusca
D)Arthropoda
E)Nematoda
Q2) Formation of a distinct head is called A)ventralization. B)anteriorization. C)lateralization.
D)dorsalization. E)cephalization.
Q3) The study of the kinds of organisms and the evolutionary relationships among them is A)nomenclature. B)systematics. C)biogeography. D)phylogenetics. E)zoogeography.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Animal-Like Protists: the Protozoa
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Sample Questions
Q1) The protozoan Trypanosoma brucei is the causal organism of the disease
A)African sleeping sickness.
B)malaria.
C)leishmaniasis.
D)trichina.
E)balantidiasis.
Q2) The principal nitrogenous waste of protozoans is A)guanine.
B)ammonia.
C)urea.
D)uric acid.
E)urine.
Q3) Sexual reproduction of ciliates involves a process called A)conjugation.
B)gametogony.
C)sporogony.
D)cohabitation.
E)copulation.
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10
Chapter 9: Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization
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Q1) Nerve cells of animals in this phylum are considered by many biologists to be the most primitive nervous elements in the animal kingdom.
A)Porifera
B)Ctenophora
C)Cnidaria
D)Mesozoa
E)Placozoa
Q2) Excretion and gas exchange in sponges are accomplished by A)active transport.
B)diffusion.
C)contractile vacuoles.
D)nephridia.
E)osmosis.
Q3) The collar of a choanocyte
A)regulates the diameter of the osculum.
B)filters food from the water.
C)creates currents in the water.
D)regulates the diameter of the ostia.
E)secretes digestive enzymes.
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Chapter 10: The Smaller Lophotrochozoan Phyla
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Q1) Some rotifers have a "shell" composed of a thickened cuticle,called the __________,that functions in protection.
A)test
B)lorica
C)ossicles
D)periostracum
E)umbo
Q2) The holdfast structure of a tapeworm is called the A)strobila.
B)acetabulum.
C)scolex.
D)opisthaptor.
E)proglottid.
Q3) The larval stage of the beef tapeworm that encysts in skeletal muscles is called the A)onchosphere.
B)cysticercus.
C)cercaria.
D)redia.
E)hexacanth.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Molluscan Success
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Q1) Unlike other molluscs,the __________ have a closed circulatory system.
A)univalves
B)gastropods
C)chitons
D)bivalves
E)cephalopods
Q2) In the bivalves,final digestion occurs
A)in the adductor muscles.
B)in the coelom.
C)in the labial palps.
D)in the crystaline style.
E)in the digestive gland.
Q3) The primary excretory product of aquatic gastropods is A)urine.
B)urea.
C)ammonia.
D)uric acid.
E)guanine.
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Chapter 12: Annelida: the Metameric Body Form
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Sample Questions
Q1) Over the last several thousand years,leeches have been utilized by humans
A)to attack foreign invaders.
B)to remove blood from the body.
C)to prevent malaria.
D)as food.
E)to investigate the functioning of nervous systems.
Q2) The region of the polychaete head that is dorsal and anterior to the mouth,and is sensory in function,is the __________.
A)gnathostome
B)prostomium
C)peristomium
D)protostome
E)pygidium
Q3) Some polychaetes exhibit epitoky; the __________ is the non-reproductive individual.
A)anatoke
B)heterotoke
C)protogyn
D)atoke
E)hypertoke
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Chapter 13: The Smaller Ecdysozoan Phyla
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Sample Questions
Q1) A pseudocoelom lacks
A)peritoneum and mesenteries.
B)muscles.
C)a digestive tract.
D)excretory organs.
E)reproductive organs.
Q2) The most recent ecdysozoan phylum to be described is the phylum
A)Lobatocercebrida.
B)Placozoa.
C)Ctenophora.
D)Loricifera.
E)Gnathostomulida.
Q3) Nematodes are typically
A)dioecious and dimorphic.
B)monoecious and dimorphic.
C)dioecious and amorphic.
D)monoecious and monomorphic.
E)monoecious and amorphic.
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Chapter 14: The Arthropods: Blueprint for Success
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many spiders produce __________,that are used to trap small arthropods on which they feed.
A)sticky oral secretions
B)sandy pitfall traps
C)oral venoms
D)leaf traps
E)webs
Q2) Some ________ demonstrate a primitive form of vivipary.
A)spiders
B)millipedes
C)horseshoe crabs
D)scorpions
E)mites and ticks
Q3) Millipedes belong to the arthropod class
A)Insecta.
B)Diplopoda.
C)Crustacea.
D)Chilopoda.
E)Branchiopoda.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: The Pancrustacea: Crustacea and Hexapoda
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Q1) The tympanal organs of some insects in this order are able to hear ultrasonic frequencies,which helps them to evade bats.
A)Coleoptera
B)Lepidoptera
C)Odonata
D)Isoptera
E)Hymenoptera
Q2) Immature stages of aquatic insects with hemimetabolous metamorphosis are called
A)nymphs.
B)pupae.
C)caterpillars.
D)puparia.
E)naiads.
Q3) Among insects,the upper and lower lips are sensory and are called the A)maxilla and maxilliped.
B)labrum and the labium.
C)chela and the cheliped.
D)uropod and the tenson.
E)mandible and the maxilla.
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Chapter 16: Ambulacraria: Echinoderms and Hemichordates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following echinoderms may contain venom dangerous to humans?
A)sea stars
B)sea lilies
C)feather stars
D)brittle stars
E)sea urchins
Q2) The principal nitrogenous waste of sea stars is
A)urea.
B)uric acid.
C)urine.
D)guanine.
E)ammonia.
Q3) The madreporite in sea cucumbers is A)absent.
B)internal.
C)external.
D)on the Polian vesicles.
E)near the anus.
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Chapter 17: Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata
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Q1) The cavity surrounding the pharynx of a tunicate is called the A)atrium.
B)hemocoel.
C)coelom.
D)nephrocoel.
E)branchiocoel.
Q2) Root-like extensions of the tunic called __________ are used to anchor a tunicate to the substrate.
A)canaliculi
B)interstyles
C)joints
D)rhizomes
E)stolons
Q3) The gill slits perforating the pharynx of a tunicate are called A)stenolaemata.
B)stigmas.
C)gymnolaemata.
D)lanquets.
E)laminae.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: The Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water
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Q1) In lungfishes and Indian climbing perch,__________ function as lungs.
A)alveoli
B)book gills
C)opercular cavities
D)pneumatic sacs
E)pneumatic ducts
Q2) Sharks arose from early jawed fishes midway through the __________ period.
A)Devonian
B)Mississippian
C)Permian
D)Triassic
E)Cambrian
Q3) The semicircular canals of the inner ear of bony fish maintain
A)the hearing ability of the lateral line.
B)balance and equilibrium.
C)low frequency hearing.
D)high frequency hearing.
E)orientation to possible prey organisms.
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Chapter 19: Amphibians: the First Terrestrial Vertebrates
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Q1) The sternum is reduced or absent in members of the order
A)Caudata.
B)Urodela.
C)Gymnophiona.
D)Anura.
E)Caudofoveata.
Q2) The __________ of the amphibian heart receives blood from the lungs.
A)left atrium
B)left ventricle
C)right atrium
D)sinus venosus
E)pulmonary heart
Q3) In anurans,fertilization involves the male mounting and clasping the female followed by external fertilization--a behavior called ____________.This behavior is in contrast to the use of __________ in salamander sperm transfer.
A)amplexus/spermatophores
B)clasping/amplexus
C)appositioning/ copulation
D)copulation/ spermatophores
E)copulation/ amplexus
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Chapter 20: Reptiles: Diapsid Amniotes
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Q1) Most reptiles lack vocal cords; indeed,vocalizations are only important to A)tuataras.
B)snakes.
C)crocodilians.
D)lizards.
E)amphisbaenids.
Q2) Crocodilians are oviparous and display parental care of young that parallels that of A)bony fishes. B)sharks.
C)placental mammals.
D)amphibians. E)birds.
Q3) Reptiles have a skin with scales made of A)silica. B)bone.
C)CaCO3. D)keratin. E)chitin.
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Chapter 21: Birds: Reptiles by Another Name
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Q1) Evidence seems to indicate that the feathered fossil form known as __________ was a glider rather than using flapping flight.
A)Heloderma
B)Sphenodon
C)Zugunruhe
D)Ectopistes
E)Archaeopteryx
Q2) The wings of a bird function as a(n)
A)parachute.
B)lever/pulley system.
C)airfoil.
D)canopy.
E)hydrofoil.
Q3) When birds fly,increased muscular activity produces large amounts of heat.Excess heat can be dissipated by A)countercurrent exchange.
B)panting.
C)shivering.
D)sweating.
E)convection through the feathers.
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Chapter 22: Mammals: Synapsid Amniotes
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Q1) The length of time that mammalian young spend developing in the female reproductive tract is called the A)embryonic diapause.
B)estrous cycle.
C)incubation period.
D)gestation period.
E)development cycle.
Q2) In their reproductive habits,the monotremes are A)parthenogenetic.
B)oviparous.
C)viviparous.
D)ovoviviparous.
E)marsupial.
Q3) The duck-billed platypus is referred to as a(n) A)monotreme.
B)placental.
C)marsupial.
D)pterodont.
E)cynodont.
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Protection, support, and Movement
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Q1) A(n)__________ is composed of a core of liquid surrounded by a tension-resistant sheath containing muscles.
A)bony skeleton
B)cartilaginous skeleton
C)hydrostatic skeleton
D)endoskeleton
E)exoskeleton
Q2) Upon being released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum,Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions bind to the protein __________.
A)troponin
B)actin
C)myosin
D)keratin
E)collagen
Q3) Which of the following animals possess a hydrostatic skeleton?
A)flatworm
B)earthworm
C)butterfly
D)sea star
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Page 25
Chapter 24: Communication I: Nervous and Sensory Systems
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Q1) Receptors that respond to temperature changes are called A)thermoreceptors.
B)proprioceptors.
C)interoceptors.
D)nociceptors.
E)mechanoreceptors.
Q2) Most __________ of animals involve projections from the body surface such as bristles,spines,setae,and tubercles.
A)proprioceptors
B)photoreceptors
C)baroreceptors
D)phonoreceptors
E)tactile receptors
Q3) The moist,mucous membrane that covers the eyeball is the A)retina.
B)sclera.
C)conjunctiva.
D)cornea.
E)vitreous body.
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Chapter 25: Communication II: the Endocrine System and Chemical Messengers
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Q1) The pineal gland of fish appears to respond to __________ that enables it to aid in synchronizing activity patterns.
A)light
B)temperature
C)water quality
D)electric charges
E)ion concentration
Q2) Which glands secrete calcitonin in jawed fishes and primitive tetrapods?
A)parathyroid glands
B)thyroid glands
C)ultimobranchial glands
D)thymus glands
E)pineal glands
Q3) The __________ gland is located in the neck,anterior to the trachea.
A)pituitary
B)thyroid
C)adrenal
D)pancreas
E)pineal
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Chapter 26: Circulation and Gas Exchange
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Q1) The nature of a circulatory system directly relates to the size,complexity,and lifestyle of the animal in question
A)True
B)False
Q2) The mammalian heart has
A)two ventricles and one atrium.
B)two atria and one ventricle.
C)two atria and two ventricles.
D)one atrium and one ventricle.
E)The answer depends on the mammal, as the primitive monotremes have a different arrangement.
Q3) Which of the following animals would have an open circulatory system?
A)flatworm
B)fish
C)reptile
D)bird
E)insect.
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28
Chapter 27: Nutrition and Digestion
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Q1) Which of the following helps to digest lipid molecules?
A)bile
B)pepsin
C)nuclease
D)tryptophane
E)amylase
Q2) The vertebrate liver secretes __________ which emulsifies dietary fat.
A)amylase
B)lipase
C)HCl
D)bile salts
E)secretin
Q3) The minerals __________ and potassium are vital to the functioning of nerves and muscles in an animal's body.
A)iron
B)calcium
C)sodium
D)phosphorus
E)iodine
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Chapter 28: Temperature and Body Fluid Regulation
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Q1) The structure within the mammalian kidney that is primarily responsible for water reabsorption is the __________.
A)renal pelvis
B)glomerulus
C)loop
D)peritubular capillaries
E)renal artery
Q2) Invertebrates that have low metabolic rates and no thermoregulatory mechanisms are known as
A)thermoconformers.
B)endotherms.
C)heterotherms.
D)atherms.
E)mesotherms.
Q3) Flame cell systems function primarily in
A)eliminating excess water.
B)urine formation.
C)excretion of urea.
D)excretion of ammonia.
E)expulsion of feces.
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Chapter 29: Reproduction and Development
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Q1) Which of the following does NOT apply to the reproductive strategies in fishes and amphibians?
A)Most fishes and amphibians release eggs into the water.
B)Most fishes and amphibians release sperm into the water.
C)Gametes unite in the water by chance.
D)Very few eggs grow to maturity.
E)The majority of eggs grow to maturity.
Q2) Male sex hormones are collectively called the A)prostaglandins.
B)androgens.
C)spermatogens.
D)testiculars.
E)estrogens.
Q3) Development of an unfertilized egg into a new individual is called A)oogenesis.
B)biogenesis.
C)parthenogenesis.
D)hermaphroditism.
E)bisexualism.
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Page 31