Comparative Criminal Justice Systems
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of criminal justice systems from a comparative perspective, examining how different countries structure law enforcement, judiciary processes, corrections, and legal traditions. Students will analyze the cultural, social, and political factors that shape criminal justice practices in diverse regions, such as the United States, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Through case studies and theoretical frameworks, the course encourages critical thinking about the effectiveness of crime control strategies, human rights issues, and the challenges of globalization in administering justice worldwide.
Recommended Textbook
Organized Crime 11th Edition by Howard Abadinsky
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Organized Crime
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Q1) In a criminal network,the "third person" who serves as a "social bridge" is often referred to as a(n)_____________.
Answer: broker
Q2) Both terrorist groups and criminal organizations use compartmentalization.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) According to this book's definition of organized crime,which of the following is \(\underline{\text{NOT}}\) a major characteristic used to define organized crime?
A)has political goals
B)hierarchical
C)governed by explicit rules and regulations
D)monopolistic
Answer: A
Q4) Organizational affiliation provides a form of _____________ by reputation,facilitating cooperation between criminals.
Answer: credentialing
Q5) Unlike organized crime,terrorism is inherently _____________.
Answer: political
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Chapter 2: Explanations for Organized Crime
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Q1) According to Edwin Sutherland,all behavior-lawful and criminal-is learned.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following modes of Merton's adaptation includes organized criminal activity for those who would play the game differently?
A)innovation
B)conformity
C)retreatism
D)rebellion
Answer: A
Q3) Merton used the term pathological materialism to describe:
A)the human compulsion for financial security.
B)organized crime's singular pursuit of financial goals.
C)an American preoccupation with economic success.
D)emphasis on goal achievement with little regard for the means of achievement.
Answer: C
Q4) Central to behavioral psychology is that all behavior is shaped by
Answer: consequences
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Chapter 3: United States
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Q1) MS-13 has thousands of members globally and,in the United States,its members tend to primarily operate in _____________ areas.
Answer: rural
Q2) The _____________ emerged in the nineteenth-century New York as a lawful fraternal society designed to advance the interests of Sicilian immigrants.
A)Unione Siciliana
B)La Familia
C)Mafia
D)Padrone
Answer: A
Q3) In the aftermath of the Castellammarese War,five Mafia families emerged in New York City.Which of the following is \(\underline{\text{NOT}}\) one of these five major crime families?
A)Luciano
B)Gambino
C)Colombo
D)Genovese
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Italy and Albania
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Q1) The traditional Sicilian Mafia pursued _____________,not wealth.
Q2) Despite its use of rituals and the Roman Catholic imagery,the criminal organization known as ________________ began as a criminal organization.
Q3) Which one of the following statements is false?
A)Mafia is a state of mind.
B)Mafia is no longer a threat.
C)Mafia originated in Sicily.
D)Mafia is a way of life.
Q4) According to the text,which of the following was the last of the old-style capomafiosi,characterized by his modesty in both dress and speech?
A)Don Calò
B)Luciano Leggio
C)Vito Genovese
D)Giuseppe Garibaldi
Q5) To a mafioso,rispetto is:
A)a demonstration of affection.
B)a show of good manners.
C)an acknowledgement of power.
D)a representation of protection.
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Chapter 5: Colombia and Mexico
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Q1) Which of the following emerged as a leader of the Gulf cartel,controlling drug trafficking throughout northeastern Mexico and along the Gulf of Mexico?
A)Juan Garcia Abrego
B)Carlos Lehder-Rivas
C)Fabio Ochoa
D)Pablo Escobar
Q2) Operating out the southern Pacific state of Michoacana is the ______________,the most fearsome of all of Mexico's drug organizations.
Q3) Cali cartel operations in the United States were one time headquartered in:
A)Miami,FL.
B)Queens,NY.
C)San Francisco,CA.
D)New Orleans,LA.
Q4) Which of the following assisted the drug arrangement between Mexico and Colombia?
A)NAFTA
B)FTAA
C)WTO
D)IMF
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Chapter 6: Russia and the Former Soviet Union
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Q1) What does the term "Vory v zakone" mean?
A)"good for nothing"
B)"hall or gathering place"
C)"thieves with a code of honor"
D)"men of violence"
Q2) Durkheim's concept of _____________ fits Russia's present day situation of social unrest.
Q3) During the 1990s in the United States,Russian organized crime groups were involved in a number of different schemes,including tax fraud and evasion on certain products like alcohol and:
A)chocolate.
B)fuel oil.
C)cigarettes.
D)seafood.
Q4) In what way did the economic liberalization that transpired after the fall of the Soviet Unionhelp foster and cultivate the growth of organized crime in Russia?
Q5) _____________ is an acronym for the Russian prison service and a term used to identify penal colonies.
Q6) How did the collapse of the Soviet Union change Russian organized crime?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Asia
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Q1) Explain the importance of family in Chinese organized crime.
Q2) In 1909,a Tong war broke out in New York between which two groups,claiming an estimated 350 lives?
A)On Leong and Hip Sing
B)Pai Gow and Snakeheads
C)Hip Sing and Yakuza
D)Pai Gow and On Leong
Q3) _______________ is a term used to describe Japan's organized crime syndicates.The term itself means masterless samurai.
Q4) By the early 1990s,which branch of the Triads had established criminal cells in Canada,the United States,and Europe that were highly sophisticated in their use of technology to not only thwart law enforcement,but to more importantly manufacture counterfeit credits cards and other documents along with creating routes for drug trafficking and international prostitution?
A)Snakeheads
B)Big Circle
C)United Bamboo
D)14K
Q5) Describe the organizational structure of Triads.
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Chapter 8: Africa
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Q1) Which type of crime refers to the numerous elephants killed for their ivory that is sold or smuggled to Asia,usually by Chinese brokers?
A)biological
B)environmental
C)nature-based
D)wildlife
Q2) Which event caused the deaths of 800,000 Tutsis in 1994?
A)Second Congo War
B)Nigerian genocide
C)DRC War
D)Rwandan genocide
Q3) Describe the specific techniques used by West African criminal organizations to ensure their stake in the profit from illicit activities both home,and abroad.
Q4) What variables make West Africa attractive for the development of organized crime?
Q5) The _____________ criminal entrepreneurs are the most significant of the African crime groups.
Q6) The most notorious of the Nigerian operations is the _____________ scam.
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Chapter 9: Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs
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Q1) From the time of its founding in 1948 to the present,the Hell's Angels outlaw motorcycle club evolved from a rowdy support group for social misfits to a sophisticated drug trafficking operation.Trace the events and processes of this transformation.
Q2) The term outlaw was first used by the sheriff of Riverside to distinguish southern California bikers such as the POBOBs from those motorcycle enthusiasts affiliated with the mainstream American Motorcycle Association (AMA).
A)True
B)False
Q3) Outlaw motorcycle club (OMC)members are identified by their _____________.
Q4) Which outlaw motorcycle club (OMC)was the first to have a formal organizational structure with a constitution and bylaws?
A)the Hell's Angels
B)the Bandidos
C)the Pagans
D)the Racers
Q5) Although most bikers operate along the lines of short-term hedonism,some have invested in a vast array of _____________ businesses,sometimes as fronts for illegal activities.
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Chapter 10: Organized Crime: "Goods and Services"
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Q1) The pornography business,like prostitution,suffers from a great deal of "amateur" involvement.Pornography,which at one time was under the almost exclusive control of organized crime,is now available over the Internet.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The oldest of the major bookmaking activities is illegal sports wagering.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How does trafficking differ from alien smuggling?
Q4) Which term refers to a person who provides a readily available outlet for marketing stolen ("hot")merchandise?
A)"keeper"
B)"friend"
C)"dealer"
D)"fence"
Q5) Define and explain the process of bookmaking.
Q6) What is a botnet? Explain its role in the commission of cybercrimes by criminal organizations.
Q7) What role does organized crime typically perform in fencing operations?
12
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Chapter 11: Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking
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Q1) By 1998,heroin from which country accounted for more than 50 percent of the drug smuggled into the United States?
A)Colombia
B)China
C)Mexico
D)Afghanistan
Q2) The central role that the Golden Triangle played in the heroin trade has been significantly diminished,in part because of economic pressure from which country?
A)the United States
B)England
C)China
D)Colombia
Q3) Which act provided that persons in the business of dealing in drugs covered by the act-including opium derivatives and cocaine-were required to register yearly and to pay a special annual tax of $1?
A)Native Races Act
B)Harrison Act
C)Thompson Act
D)Indigenous Act
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Organized Crime in Labor, Business, and Money Laundering
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Q1) According to Abadinsky,which of the following rackets was NOT rampant on the union-controlled New York waterfront?
A)gambling
B)loansharking
C)cargo theft
D)human trafficking
Q2) Which war led to the dramatic industrialization of America?
A)WWI
B)WWII
C)The Civil War
D)The Vietnam War
Q3) In Chicago,the Laborers' International Union (LIUNA)has always had close ties to the organized crime group known as the _____________.
Q4) In Chicago,the Laborers' Union has always had close ties to:
A)the Outfit.
B)the Mafia.
C)the Neighborhood Watch.
D)the Mayors Association.
Q5) Discuss business racketeering in New York's garment industry.
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Chapter 13: Organized Crime Statutes
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Q1) Prior to the passage of the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986,money laundering was not a federal crime.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The _____________ Act of 1959 established a Bill of Rights for union members.
Q3) The _____________ Act of 1992 made operation of an illegal money transmitting business a crime.
Q4) The earliest statutes designed to deal with "racketeering" are collectively known as the:
A)Harrison Act.
B)Anti-Drug Abuse Act.
C)Hobbs Act.
D)Comprehensive Crime Control Act.
Q5) The Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 was a response to violent acts of the American Mafia.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Define conspiracy,state the three main types discussed in the text,and briefly describe each.
Q7) What is RICO? Also list and explain the major criticisms with its application.
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Chapter 14: Investigating and Prosecuting Organized Crime
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Q1) The Department of Justice is headed by which official?
A)Attorney General
B)Director of the FBI
C)Director of Homeland Security
D)Speaker of the House
Q2) The Customs Service and Border Protection (CBP)is a part of which federal department?
A)Homeland Security
B)IRS Criminal Investigation
C)Justice
D)Treasury
Q3) The ______________________________ mandates telecommunication companies' cooperation when law enforcement engages in a wiretap.
Q4) Informants will always be truthful if they are well compensated.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is electronic surveillance,and what are some of the problems associated with its use by law enforcement?
Q6) Define "immunity." What are the two major types of immunity used by prosecutors?
Page 16
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