Course Introduction
Cognitive Neuroscience Study Guide Questions
Cognitive Neuroscience explores the neural mechanisms underlying mental processes such as perception, memory, language, attention, and decision-making. Integrating principles from psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, this course examines how brain structure and function support complex cognitive behaviors. Students will gain an understanding of experimental techniques, including brain imaging and electrophysiology, and will analyze findings from current research to better appreciate the relationship between brain activity and cognition. The course also discusses applications of cognitive neuroscience in clinical, educational, and technological settings.
Recommended Textbook
Human Motor Control 2nd Edition by David
A. Rosenbaum
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12 Chapters
230 Verified Questions
230 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The field of human motor control is concerned with A) Movement
B) Stability
C) Movement and stability
D) Human motivation
Answer: C
Q2) Excluding the implementation level of description from the study of human motor control would result, primarily, in the exclusion of
A) Neurophysiology
B) Robotics
C) Human factors
D) None of the above
Answer: A
Q3) The study of variability arises mainly in which domain relevant to human motor control?
A) Physics
B) Statistics
C) Engineering
D) Cognitive science
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Core Problems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term is used to describe a change in the way a task is performed depending on what will be done in the near future?
A) Coarticulation
B) Kinematics
C) Kinetics
D) Passive dynamics
Answer: A
Q2) Which two terms are synonyms mean the same thing)?
A) Ballistic and closed-loop
B) Closed-loop and open-loop
C) Ballistic and open-loop
D) Negative feedback and positive feedback
Answer: C
Q3) Mirror neurons
A) Are only activated when people see themselves in a mirror
B) Are only activated when people see very shiny surfaces
C) Are only activated when people stroke very smooth, glassy surfaces
D) None of the above
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Physiological Foundations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most basic element of motor control is
A) A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, also known as a motor unit
B) A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, also known as a reflex arc
C) A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, also known as a long loop
D) None of the above
Answer: A
Q2) Cells that respond to the seen position of an external object relative to the hand or face are found in the
A) Motor cortex
B) Cerebellum
C) Premotor cortex
D) Supplementary motor area SMA)
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Psychological Foundations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Plans or motor programs may be continually edited to enable forthcoming movement sequences. The best source of evidence for this hypothesis is that
A) Successive movement sequences that are similar can be performed more quickly than successive movement sequences that are different
B) Successive movement sequences that are different can be performed more quickly than successive movement sequences that are similar
C) The brain is similar to a computer
D) The brain is different from a computer
Q2) According to Fitts 1964, skill learning generally proceeds in which order?
A) Automatic, associative, cognitive
B) Associative, automatic, cognitive
C) Cognitive, automatic, associative
D) Cognitive, associative, automatic
Q3) Which phenomenon is best predicted by the closed-loop theory of skill learning?
A) Specificity of practice
B) Generality of practice
C) Closing the loop
D) Chunking
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Chapter 5: Walking
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Sample Questions
Q1) As more visual guidance is required in walking, the activity of neurons in the cortico-spinal tract
A) Remains the same
B) Increases
C) Decreases
D) Has yet to be studied
Q2) Responses based on __________ are generally __________ than responses based on __________.
A) Preflexes, faster, reflexes
B) Preflexes, slower, reflexes
C) Preflexes, no faster or slower, reflexes
D) Preflexes, slower, deliberate choice
Q3) The idea that the physical layout of the external environment is directly specified by the optical array emanating from it is central to the theory of
A) Ecological perception
B) Route and survey maps
C) Sway
D) Anticipatory postural adjustments
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Chapter 6: Looking
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Sample Questions
Q1) The reason we don't notice the darkening of the visual world when we blink may be because corollary discharge signals the visual centers to discount such darkening when blinks occur. In support of this hypothesis, it has been found that
A) Sensitivity to light is heightened around the time of a blink
B) Sensitivity to light is reduced around the time of a blink
C) Sensitivity to light is unaffected around the time of a blink
D) Sensitivity of the ciliary muscles changes around the time of a blink
Q2) Which type of eye movement is disjunctive rather than conjunctive?
A) Saccades
B) Pursuit movements
C) Vergence
D) Nystagmus size
Q3) Outflow theory says
A) Efferent commands flow out from motor neurons
B) Afferent commands flow out from sensory receptors
C) Copies of efferent commands are used to cancel perceptual inputs
D) Copies of afferent signals are used to cancel perceptual inputs
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Chapter 7: Reaching
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hand-space planning predicts __________, whereas joint-space planning predicts ____________.
A) Straight paths in external spatial coordinates, curved paths in intrinsic, joint coordinates
B) Curved paths in external spatial coordinates, straight paths in intrinsic, joint coordinates
C) Curved paths in external spatial coordinates, curved paths in intrinsic, joint coordinates
D) Straight paths in external spatial coordinates, straight paths in intrinsic, joint coordinates
Q2) Fitts' Law has been explained at different points in history with
A) The iterative corrections model
B) The impulse variability model
C) The optimized initial impulse model
D) All of the above
Q3) Which two events tend to coincide during reaching and grasping?
A) Maximal finger widening and start of the slow-approach phase
B) Maximal finger widening and end of the slow-approach phase
C) Minimal finger widening and start of the slow-approach phase
D) Minimal finger widening and end of the slow-approach phase
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Chapter 8: Drawing and Writing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following topics was not covered in the chapter on Drawing and Writing even though, as you think about the control of these activities, you appreciate that it might be important?
A) Allograph-graph distinctions
B) Graphology
C) Semantic influences on copying
D) Pentip pressure
Q2) Coupled oscillator models of writing and drawing fail to account for the fact that A) Writing and drawing can be coupled
B) Writing and drawing show features consistent with rate scaling
C) Writing and drawing can be decomposed into movements on orthogonal independent) axes
D) Writing speed depends on context effects, whether successive letters are the same or not
Q3) According to the Isogony Principle of writing and drawing,
A) Right-handed writers take the same time to write as left-handed writers do
B) Individual writing styles are persevered throughout one's lifetime
C) Equal angles are covered in equal times
D) Equal arc lengths are covered in equal times
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Keyboarding
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Sample Questions
Q1) Simple reaction times are
A) Response times that are easy to understand
B) Response times for tasks that are always simple to explain
C) Response times for tasks for which there is one possible stimulus and one possible response Response times for tasks for which there is more than one possible stimulus and more than one possible response
Q2) Which of the following results is/are consistent with amodality of timing?
A) Over individuals, time perception and production are uncorrelated
B) Over individuals, time perception and production are negatively correlated
C) Over individuals, time perception and production are positively correlated
D) c and timing variance grows with time interval size at approximately the same rate both in time perception and in time production
Q3) The classic model of typewriting developed by Rumelhart and Norman 1982 relied on
A) Activation but not inhibition between word nodes and keystroke nodes
B) Inhibition but not activation between word nodes and keystroke nodes
C) Activation and inhibition between word nodes and keystroke nodes
D) Rejection of connectionism
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11
Chapter 10: Speaking and Singing
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Sample Questions
Q1) When speech speeds up
A) Intonation flattens
B) Extraneous syllables are eliminated
C) Vowels shortens but consonants do not
D) All of the above
Q2) The analysis of speech errors has led to the notion that speech production involves several functional levels. Which of the following is not considered to be one of those levels?
A) The semantic level
B) The syntactic level
C) The Freudian level
D) The phonological level
Q3) Speed production is affected by feedback, as shown by which of the following results?
A) Delayed auditory feedback can give rise to stuttering
B) People can speak intelligibly while holding pipes in their mouths
C) Deafness leads, over the long term, to changes in vocal quality
D) All of the above
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12
Chapter 11: Smiling
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Sample Questions
Q1) The number of distinct, primary emotions is thought to be
A) One or two
B) Three or four
C) Six or eight
D) Too many to count
Q2) Which of the following is not a source of evidence for the proposition that facial expressions can be instigated in a deliberate or a nondeliberate "emotional" fashion.
A) Some patients with basal ganglia damage Parkinson's patients have difficulty smile emotionally masked face syndrome
B) Some patients with motor cortex lesions have difficulty deliberately
C) Some patients with damage to the pathways between the cerebral cortex and brainstem pseudobulbar palsy have difficulty suppressing facial expressions at odds with their reported emotions
D) Some patients have trouble understanding what the words deliberate and nondeliberate mean
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13
Chapter 12: Moving on
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Lee's "tau" principle, the more quickly the image of an object expands on the retina,
A) The more time there is until contact is made with the object
B) The less time there is until contact is made with the object
C) The brighter the object appears to be
D) The dimmer the object appears to be
Q2) Research on human motor control could help "save the world" in the sense that
A) Enhancements of already tested technology may make it possible to harvest more energy from people's walking and other activities
B) Enhancements of already tested technology may make it possible to harvest more energy from people's backpacks and other objects they carry or manipulate
C) It may become possible to develop autonomous robots that could perform missions in outer space that humans cannot perform that could, conceivably, be needed to save our planet
D) All of the above
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