Cognitive Development Question Bank
Course Introduction
Cognitive Development explores the processes by which children and adolescents acquire, construct, and refine knowledge, thinking, and problem-solving abilities. The course examines major theoretical frameworks, including those of Piaget, Vygotsky, and contemporary information-processing approaches, to understand how memory, language, reasoning, and social cognition evolve across the lifespan. Students will analyze empirical research, consider the role of genetic and environmental influences, and discuss practical implications for education and parenting. Emphasis is placed on the dynamic interactions between biological maturation and environmental context in shaping the developing mind.
Recommended Textbook
Language Development 4th Edition by Erika Hoff
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10 Chapters
551 Verified Questions
551 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Language Development
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77676
Sample Questions
Q1) The formalist view of language states that:
A) child language development occurs as a result of innate intelligence.
B) the influence of adult language modeling stimulates child language development.
C) studying language and the process of using language to communicate is not relevant to the discussion of child language acquisition.
D) language is a "computational-representational system" that it is not intrinsically a system of communication.
Answer: D
Q2) The first recorded language acquisition experiment:
A) was conducted by Greeks in the fourth century BC.
B) provided the foundation for ethics in child language development.
C) focused on racial issues.
D) explained how two infants learned their first words.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Biological Bases of Language Development
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55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on deaf children of deaf parents who have American Sign Language from birth is used to study:
A) how children develop differently when they communicate with signs.
B) how the brain processes language expressed in manual communication.
C) the critical period hypothesis by comparing the children to deaf children of hearing parents.
D) language comprehension.
Answer: C
Q2) The cerebral cortex of the brain is:
A) the outer layer of the brain that covers the subcortical structures.
B) hidden by the corpus collosum.
C) known to control primitive functions, such as eating and breathing.
D) an undifferentiated mass that is studied as "the language organ."
Answer: A
Q3) Dichotic listening experiments examined adults and found that there is:
A) a right-ear advantage for speech stimuli.
B) a right-ear advantage for adult users of language.
C) a left-ear advantage for adult users of language.
D) evidence of the invariance hypothesis.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Communicative Development: Foundations and Functions of Language
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The view that children acquire language in order to express what they are thinking to share experiences is held by:
A) L. Bloom (1993)
B) Snow (1999)
C) L. Bloom (1993) and Snow (1999)
D) Hoff (2006), L. Bloom (1993) and Snow (1999)
Answer: C
Q2) The Gricean maxim regarding manner refers to:
A) being as relevant as you can for most of the time.
B) maintaining clarity with brief, orderly and unambiguous statements.
C) contributing truthfulness to conversation.
D) being as informative as possible without giving too much information.
Answer: B
Q3) Children's ability to sustain dialogue with contingent utterances:
A) seems to parallel increased use of memory skills
B) emerges at two years of age.
C) occurs at specific developmental stages.
D) is dependent on the nature of adult input.
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Phonological Development: Learning the Sounds of Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the features of the four models of phonological development. Compare and contrast each model.
Q2) Prosody or intonation patterns that sound like speech occurs as children move into:
A) non-reduplicated babbling
B) cooing and laughter
C) vocal play
D) reduplicated babbling
Q3) Languages differ:
A) in how the users describe phonological knowledge.
B) both in the sounds that they use and in how the sounds are used.
C) according to acoustic signals.
D) according to distinctive features of phonemes.
Q4) Discuss how adults acquire phonological knowledge about language. Identify features of the underlying phonological structure as well as how phonotactics and phonological rules contribute to their understanding.
Q5) Choose two models of phonological development and compare and contrast their relative success in accounting for the important aspects of development in children.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Lexical Development: Learning Words
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers propose that the referential/expressive difference in child vocabulary development is:
A) a result of the frequency with which mothers use particular sets of words.
B) a factor related to the child's cognitive ability.
C) a result of emphasis placed in the child's language on personal/social words.
D) related to the gender of the child.
Q2) ____________________ are the largest category of words in children's first 50 words.
A) Verbs
B) Descriptors
C) Nominals
D) Words that express motions
Q3) Discuss the importance of the research questions and the research findings on word extension.
Q4) Research regarding solutions to the mapping problem suggests the word learning process relates to:
A) language-specific innate knowledge and sociopragmatic cues.
B) syntactic cues and social cognitive skills.
C) Syntactic bootstrapping.
D) All of these answers are true.
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Chapter 6: The Development of Syntax and Morphology:
Learning the Structure of Language
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56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The connectionist model of explaining language development processes is based on:
A) the view that computer programs can be used to research and simulate language-learning processes in the human brain.
B) Chomskyan views of nativism and the learning mechanism.
C) the understanding that language is a system of rules that represent categories of abstract knowledge.
D) the view that language is not innate to individuals.
Q2) The issue of explaining the acquisition of grammar often evolves around the concepts of "nature or nurture." Compare the various arguments for and against these concepts. Make sure to discuss language induction.
Q3) The study of early childhood language centers on the following three categories of linguistic rules. They are:
A) lexical categories, functional categories and hierarchical sentence structure.
B) open-class words, closed-class words and sentence structure.
C) None of these answers are true.
D) Both of these answers are true.
Q4) Describe the stages of grammatical development in early multiword utterances.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Language, Culture, and Cognition in Development
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of the German-speaker and Spanish-speaker test of the Whorfian Hypothesis is that:
A) German speakers identify "bridge" with a feminine noun, and used feminine terms to describe the bridge.
B) Spanish speakers identify "bridge" as masculine, and used masculine terms to describe the bridge.
C) Spanish speakers described the bridge a big, dangerous, and sturdy.
D) All of these statements are true.
Q2) A comparison between how English speakers and Greek speakers comprehend and use motion verbs from a story verbs indicated that:
A) children use the same motion verbs as adults to describe the story.
B) adults and children use different motion verbs to describe the story.
C) adults and children have the same understandings of the verbs, in the story, but express them differently in each language.
D) adults and children have the same understanding of the verbs in the story and express them in the same way in each language.
Q3) What does the "Theory Theory" mean and how does it explain that language and cognition develop in tandem to each other?
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Chapter 8: Childhood Bilingualism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Canonical babbling for bilingual children:
A) reflects the phonology of the languages they are learning.
B) is the same as for monolingual children.
C) differs according to the dominant language the parents use.
D) changes as the babies get older.
Q2) The effect of ______________ on language learning is more pronounced when children are exposed to the second language in a natural manner.
A) personality
B) family variables
C) cognitive functioning
D) age of the learner
Q3) Current research on second language acquisition indicates that the major factor in how well an individual learns the second language is:
A) the age of the learner.
B) how similar the first language is to the second language.
C) the degree the second language learner assimilates into new the speech community.
D) the role and identity of the second language learner.
Q4) Discuss how cultural perspective influences bilingual language development.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Language in School Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how children acquire accents and make changes in dialect.
Q2) Describe the main points in research and the discussion on learning to read and teaching reading.
Q3) Children have essentially mastered the phonology of their language:
A) by the age of two years and six months.
B) before entering school at age five.
C) at different ages across differing cultures.
D) at age four if developing according to normal milestones.
Q4) More than one study on how adults use the word formation process called compounding, indicates that:
A) adults have full knowledge of the process.
B) most adults cannot compound words correctly.
C) not only children, but also adults, have some difficulties compounding words correctly.
D) adults and adolescents can compound words correctly.
Q5) When young children are at the early stage of discourse-level development, they have difficulties using:
A) cohesive devices such as "and," "because," and "so."
B) pronouns
C) descriptives
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Language Development in Special Populations
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55 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children with Down syndrome generally have difficulties with: A) language more than with cognitive functioning.
B) production deficits.
C) producing intelligible speech.
D) All of these answers are true.
Q2) Cochlear implant surgery is suitable for:
A) children with varied aspects of hearing loss.
B) the majority of children with prelingual hearing loss.
C) a small group of children with prelingual hearing loss.
D) children with little residual hearing.
Q3) Compare and contrast how delays or impairments in language development as described in the text present the nature of the population of individuals in special populations.
Q4) Prelingually, deaf children:
A) lose hearing in infancy before they acquire language.
B) comprise the largest proportion of the deaf population.
C) lose their hearing before two years of age.
D) refers to children who rely on sign language.
Q5) Compare and contrast language development in individuals who are lower functioning and those who are higher functioning with autism.
Page 12
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