Child and Adolescent Development Question
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Course Introduction
Child and Adolescent Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth of individuals from infancy through adolescence. The course examines the major theories and research related to development, addressing topics such as attachment, language acquisition, identity formation, peer relationships, and the impact of family, culture, and school environments. Emphasis is placed on understanding milestones of development, factors influencing typical and atypical trajectories, and practical applications for supporting the healthy development of children and adolescents in diverse settings.
Recommended Textbook
Lifespan Development Lives in Context 1st Edition by Tara L. Kuther
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18 Chapters
2073 Verified Questions
2073 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Understanding Human Development:
Approaches and Theories
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ involve observing and recording behaviors that are displayed in a controlled environment.
A) Naturalistic observations
B) Structured observations
C) Clinical interviews
D) Questionnaires
Answer: B
Q2) _____ development is characterized by slow and gradual change, whereas _____ development is characterized by abrupt change.
A) Continuous; discontinuous
B) Discontinuous; continuous
C) Multidimensional; multidirectional
D) Multidirectional; multidimensional
Answer: A
Q3) In scientific research, interviews and questionnaires are types of self-report measures.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Biological and Environmental Foundations
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For strongly canalized traits, such as walking, only extreme experiences or changes in the environment can prevent the skill from developing.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Danica, age 28, is very short in stature, has an abnormally small jaw, and her neck has extra folds of skin. Danica has never ovulated and she has underdeveloped breasts. Danica suffers from ____syndrome.
A) Klinefelter
B) triple X
C) XYY
D) Turner
Answer: D
Q3) Most mutations are fatal.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Prenatal Period, Birth, and the Newborn
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155 Verified Questions
155 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Apgar scale is administered one minute after delivery and again five minutes after birth.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Dr. Li conducts research with adult stem cells. These cells are used to:
A) increase the success rates of in vitro fertilization.
B) repair the tissues in which they are found.
C) treat lung and stomach cancers.
D) generate embryonic stem cells.
Answer: B
Q3) Globally, _____ accounts for 30 to 50% of HIV transmission in newborns.
A) cesarean delivery
B) breast-feeding
C) lack of immunization
D) mother-infant contact after birth
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which growth pattern explains why a toddler catches a ball with both of his or her arms instead of with only one hand?
A) Bidirectional
B) Cephalocaudal
C) Proximodistal
D) Continuous
Q2) What is the process of combining information from more than one sensory system?
Q3) Jack was born with a cataract in his left eye. He never received treatment as an infant and subsequently lost the ability to process visual stimuli in his left eye. What type of experience-related brain development does Jack's experience illustrate?
Q4) What is necessary for newborns to be able to visually recognize their mother's face?
A) They need to hear more people talk than just their mother.
B) Nothing is necessary because preference for their mother's face is innate.
C) Their mother's face must be paired with her voice at least once after birth.
D) They need to have visual acuity that is comparable to an adult's visual acuity.
Q5) If a baby does not have the ability to demonstrate reflexes, what is that a sign of?
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rebecca was very distracted by her toy bunny when her mother was trying to get her dressed in the morning, so her mother took the bunny and put it behind the couch pillow. Rebecca crawled over to the couch and moved the pillow to get the bunny. According to Piaget, what cognitive advance has Rebecca developed?
A) Object permanence
B) Dishabituation
C) Accommodation
D) Primary circular reaction
Q2) "Out of sight is out of mind" is a phrase consistent with the inability to understand object permanence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following would be considered the earliest schema a newborn has?
A) His or her mother's voice.
B) Inborn motor responses.
C) The ability to see.
D) The memory of the birth process.
Q4) The ability to direct one's awareness is called:
Q5) What is Wernicke's area responsible for?
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Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Every society has a set of _____ that specify the circumstances under which various emotions should or should not be expressed.
Q2) Emotion regulation is related to children's increasing ability to use language.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Behaviors that reflect sensitive caregiving vary with culture because they are adaptations to different circumstances.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Disorganized attachment orientation is a reliable predictor of social and emotional maladjustment from childhood into adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is not an emotion that newborns experience?
A) Disgust
B) Distress
C) Joy
D) Interest
Q6) What percentage of babies are considered to have a difficult temperament?
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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206 Verified Questions
206 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Between the ages of 2 and 5, children become aware that:
A) thinking takes place inside the mind.
B) adults often hold false beliefs.
C) false beliefs can be hurtful to others.
D) people think even when inactive.
Q2) _____ refers to knowledge of how the mind works and the ability to control the mind.
A) False belief
B) Suggestibility
C) Metacognition
D) Centration
Q3) The appearance-reality task is used to assess _________.
A) egocentrism
B) animism
C) centration
D) metacognition
Q4) Everyday conversations help children develop a theory of mind.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person's general emotional evaluation of one's own worth is called:
A) self-esteem
B) self-concept.
C) self-understanding.
D) self-fulfillment.
Q2) What is the difference between physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect in terms of the actual abuse, incidence rates, and the child outcomes related to child maltreatment overall?
Q3) The finding that there are more male characters than female characters in books is an example of how books can influence:
Q4) Empathy is the capacity to understand another person's emotion.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which theoretical perspective is consistent with a contextual explanation of gender role development?
A) Social learning theory
B) Psychoanalytic theory
C) Ethological theory
D) Theory of mind
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) How to divide goods fairly is known as:
A) conventional moral reasoning.
B) morality of constraint.
C) distributive justice.
D) morality of cooperation.
Q2) Children do not need to practice conservation tasks in order to apply them to other conservation problems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Monica attends a private boarding school with a strict dress code and many rules for acceptable behavior. When asked why she won't wear clothes that are against dress code, she says that the principal made the rules for a reason and that it is up to him to change them; she doesn't have the right to change the dress code just because she doesn't like it. Which stage of moral reasoning is Monica most likely in?
A) Stage 3-conventional moral reasoning
B) Stage 4-conventional moral reasoning
C) Stage 1-morality of constraint
D) Stage 1-preconventional moral reasoning
Q4) Why are children able to engage in metacognition?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) A minority of popular children are labeled by peers and teachers as tough and show antisocial and aggressive behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Jeffrey describes himself as someone who is a really good athlete but not so good at academics. He says he is happy with who he is and isn't worried about his lower grades in school. Jeffrey is describing:
A) self-concept.
B) social comparison.
C) self-esteem.
D) self-complexity.
Q3) Children in all cultures experience the same reaction to being raised by same-sex parents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Divorce rates in the United States are (increasing/decreasing).
Q5) The child's adaptive capacity and strengths are known as:
12
Q6) Which type of child custody is more common?
Q7) What are the functions of friendship in middle childhood?
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of adolescents drink the recommended amount of milk each day but do not get enough iron in their diets.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What technique do researchers of adolescent development use to accurately get a picture of what is actually occurring daily in an adolescent's life?
Q3) Adolescents and adults generally do not differ in their ratings of the perceived harmfulness of risks, and in many cases, adolescents perceive greater risks than do adults.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Danica woke up and had a pimple on her cheek. She pretended to be sick so she didn't have to go to school because she was sure everyone was going to see it and talk about her. What aspect of adolescent thinking is Danica experiencing?
A) The imaginary audience
B) The personal fable
C) Metacognition
D) Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
13
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suicide is among the top ____ leading causes of death in the United States and Canada.
A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) ten
Q2) A major milestone of adolescence is the desire for _____, the ability to make and carry out one's own decisions.
A) self-efficacy
B) authority
C) separation
D) autonomy
Q3) Conflict-filled parent-adolescent relationships and chronic escalating conflict occurs in ____% of families.
A) less than 10
B) approximately 25
C) nearly 50
D) more than 70
Q4) List three strategies for preventing sexually transmitted infections.
Q5) Distinguish between cliques and crowds.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Biological aging begins at maturity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The typical job of a person with only a high school degree spends their first working years in jobs that have all of the following characteristics except:
A) unskilled.
B) low pay.
C) great flexibility.
D) little security.
Q3) What is epistemic cognition?
A) The ways in which individuals understand how they arrive at ideas, beliefs, and conclusions.
B) Polar reasoning in which knowledge and accounts of phenomena are viewed as either right or wrong with no in-between.
C) Knowledge is viewed as relative, dependent on the situation and thinker.
D) reasoning that synthesizes contradictions among perspectives.
Q4) Postformal reasoning is universal across cultures.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Socioemotional Development in Early
Adulthood
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Common disadvantages of parenthood include the loss of freedom and high cost of raising a child.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Arianna is very comfortable around babies. She loves to care for children. In her culture, she is seen as an adult. What country is she most likely from?
A) The United States
B) Romania
C) Israel
D) Argentina
Q3) Women and ethnic minorities tend to fill which type of position in the workplace?
A) Lower level positions
B) Middle-management positions
C) High-level positions
D) There are no consistent type of positions that women and ethnic minorities fill in the workplace.
Q4) What comprehensive form of violence is considered to be a pattern of coercive control and repeated severe battering?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following women is most likely to have a positive view of menopause and fewer reports of menopausal symptoms?
A) Laura, a white high school graduate who smokes, doesn't have children, and lives in poverty.
B) Anne, a white college graduate who smokes, has three children, and is currently unemployed.
C) Sheri, an African American woman with a PhD who doesn't smoke, has two children, and is the CEO of a Fortune 500 company.
D) Karen, an Asian high school graduate who doesn't smoke, doesn't have children, and lives in a lower socioeconomic status neighborhood.
Q2) Which of the following is not a risk factor associated with low SES and cancer?
A) Occupations that may place them in contact with toxins
B) Inadequate access to medical care
C) High levels of stress
D) Decrease in breast-feeding
Q3) What is the difference between early-onset breast cancers and late-onset breast cancers?
Q4) What type of intelligence involves the accumulation of facts and information?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Middle
Adulthood
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do researchers know that the midlife crisis is not universal?
A) The midlife crisis is only seen in minority status individuals.
B) Most adults of all ages tend to view middle adulthood as a positive time in life with increasing life satisfaction, self-esteem, and well-being.
C) Only males experience a true midlife crisis.
D) Only females experience a true midlife crisis.
Q2) The breakup of a first marriage tends to be more stressful for adults than the demise of a second or third marriage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Same-sex partnerships show the same health benefits that married people do.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Why is retirement planning important?
A) Because Social Security cannot support all the people in the United States.
B) Because retirement represents a major life transition, and those who plan have greater life satisfaction.
C) Because people are retiring earlier than in years past.
D) Because individuals in retirement have more pressure than ever before.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Older adults do not have the ability to compensate for cognitive declines as the brain has limited ability for plasticity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The longest recorded human lifespan is:
A) 105 years.
B) 112 years.
C) 122 years.
D) 131 years.
Q3) Most healthy older adults have some age-related decline in the ability to efficiently process information.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Older adults are less likely to get all of their nutritional needs met through their diet and are therefore at risk for nutritional deficiency.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The most common form of arthritis is:
Q6) How is exercise good for the mind?
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Chapter 18: Socioemotional Development in Late
Adulthood and the End of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ego integrity relies on all of the following except:
A) inductive reasoning.
B) complexity and maturity in moral judgment and thinking style.
C) tolerance for ambiguity.
D) dialectical reasoning.
Q2) Which of the following is not a way that attachment to the deceased is carried out?
A) Talking about the deceased to keep his or her memory alive
B) Feeling that the deceased is watching over them
C) Keeping the deceased's possessions
D) Performing a ritual that marks the death of the person
Q3) When a dying person seeks out a second or third opinion, they are in the _____ stage of death.
A) Denial
B) Anger
C) Bargaining
D) Depression
Q4) What is the vocal or silent recall of events in a person's life?
Q5) Compare the outcomes of cohabitation between older adults and younger adults.
Q6) What is the first stage of death according to Kubler-Ross?
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