Chemical Oceanography Test Questions
Course Introduction
Chemical Oceanography explores the chemical composition and processes of the world's oceans, focusing on the distribution and cycling of elements and compounds within marine environments. The course examines the sources and sinks of major and trace elements, ocean-atmosphere interactions, biogeochemical cycles, the behavior of gases, and the role of chemical processes in regulating marine ecosystems. Students will also learn about anthropogenic influences on ocean chemistry, such as pollution and ocean acidification, and gain insight into the methods and techniques used to analyze seawater.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials Of Oceanography 11th Edition by Alan P. Trujillo
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16 Chapters
1202 Verified Questions
1202 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Planet Earth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eratosthenes
A)first European explorer to see the Pacific Ocean
B)led voyage that first circumnavigated the globe
C)used ecological approach to solve fisheries problem
D)mapped world with Roman knowledge showing latitude and longitude
E)first determination of Earth's circumference
F)led voyage that first used the marine chronometer
G)made important observations about drift of sea ice
H)mapped the Mediterranean Sea for the Greeks
I)established impermanent settlement in North America and the first Europeans to explore Iceland and Greenland
J)incorrectly concluded that no life exists in deep ocean
Answer: E
Q2) Oceanic crust is primarily:
A)basalt.
B)carbonate sedimentary rocks.
C)clay minerals.
D)granite.
E)siltstone.
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor
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Sample Questions
Q1) ancient precursor of the Pacific Ocean
A)Gondwanaland
B)paleomagnetism
C)rift valley
D)paleogeology
E)Laurasia
F)subduction zone
G)Pangaea
H)Panthalassia
Answer: H
Q2) Areas of intense volcanic activity that remain in more or less the same location over long periods of geologic time and are unrelated to plate boundaries are called hotspots.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Deep-sea trenches are found at convergent plate boundaries.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Marine Provinces
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74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Transform faults have all of the following characteristics except:
A)they occur along transform plate boundaries.
B)movement occurs in the same direction.
C)they have many earthquakes.
D)they occur between offset oceanic ridge segments.
Answer: B
Q2) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A) abyssal plain
B) continental flood basalt
C) continental rise
D) continental shelf
E) continental slope
Answer: B
Q3) A sediment-laden current that flows off the continental shelf is called a turbidity current.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Marine Sediments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called:
A)cosmogenous.
B)biogenous.
C)hydrogenous.
D)lithogenous.
E)volcanogenic.
Q2) halite
A)cosmogenous sediment
B)hydrogenous sediment
C)lithogenous (terrigenous)sediment
D)biogenous sediment
Q3) All of the following are true concerning neritic sediment deposits except:
A)they may contain coarse-grained sand and rock fragments in the sediments.
B)they may contain sediments of lithogenous origin.
C)they may contain sediments transported from rivers onto the continental shelf.
D)they may form in shallow coastal waters.
E)they are primarily composed of calcareous deposits of biological origin.
Q4) List the particle names and corresponding grain size, from smallest to largest, using the Wentworth scale of grain size.
Q5) List and describe the four types of marine sediments.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Water and Seawater
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75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The overall electrical charge of most atoms is balanced because each atom contains an equal number of protons and neutrons.
A)True
B)False
Q2) area of rapid change in density with slight change in depth
A)evaporation
B)halocline
C)isocline
D)sublimation
E)thermocline
F)deposition
G)pycnocline
H)condensation
Q3) All of the following are methods used to desalinate water except:
A)electrolysis.
B)freeze separation.
C)osmosis.
D)reverse osmosis.
E)distillation.
Q4) Discuss the relationship between seawater density and water temperature.
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Chapter 6: Air-Sea Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The trade winds can be found between 30° and 60°N and S latitudes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A cold front is likely to have heavy, brief showers associated with it.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the:
A)Coriolis Scale.
B)Fujita Scale.
C)Moh's Scale.
D)Richter Scale.
E)Saffir-Simpson Scale.
Q4) Why are there high-pressure areas at each pole and a low-pressure belt in the equatorial region?
Q5) Near the poles, more energy is reflected back into space than is absorbed. A)True
B)False
Q6) Distinguish between weather and climate.
Q7) Along the Arctic Circle, how would the Sun appear during the summer solstice? During the winter solstice?
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Chapter 7: Ocean Circulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A) Agulhas Current
B) Benguela Current
C) California Current
D) Canary Current
E) West Australian Current
Q2) Ekman transport
A)seasonal wind pattern
B)water mass found in the Sargasso Sea
C)net water movement to the left or right of the direction of the wind
D)movement of water from the bottom to the top of the water column
E)unit of current velocity
F)water flow driven by gravity and modified by the Coriolis force
G)movement of water from the top to the bottom of the water column
Q3) Dynamic topography can be used to determine current direction and velocity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Distinguish between upwelling and downwelling.
Q5) Briefly describe the different ways that ocean currents are measured.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Waves and Water Dynamics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Waves that are breaking along the shore and are forming a curling crest over an air pocket are called:
A)gravity waves.
B)plunging breakers.
C)spilling breakers.
D)surf.
E)swells.
Q2) Deep-water waves move faster than shallow water waves because they are not slowed by friction with the ocean bottom.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The circular motion of water molecules extends to a depth that is equal to:
A)wave height/wavelength.
B)wave height/wave period.
C)wavelength/wave height.
D)wavelength/2.
E)wavelength/20.
Q4) Rogue waves are generated by destructive interference patterns of ocean swells.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Tides
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Sample Questions
Q1) The maximum tidal currents are reported:
A)about half way between high and low tides.
B)at high tide.
C)at low tide.
D)during neap tides.
E)in the intertidal zone.
Q2) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A) aphelion
B) nadir
C) apogee
D) perigee
E) perihelion
Q3) The plane through the ellipse that marks the revolution of the Earth around the Sun is called the ecliptic.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare diurnal, semidiurnal, and mixed tidal patterns.
Q5) Distinguish between spring tides and neap tides.
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Chapter 10: The Coast: Beaches and Shoreline Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eustatic changes in sea level refer to worldwide changes in the volume of seawater or in the volume of the ocean basins.
A)True
B)False
Q2) sea arches
A)depositional shore
B)erosional shore
Q3) The rate of wave erosion along a coastline is determined by all of the following except the:
A)amount of open ocean exposure.
B)coastal bedrock composition.
C)direction of the longshore current.
D)tidal range.
E)wave height.
Q4) Sediment is supplied to the coastal zone by:
A)coastal erosion.
B)local biological activity.
C)rivers.
D)All of the above are sources of sediment in the coastal zone.
E)Only A and B are sources of sediment in the coastal zone.
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Chapter 11: The Coastal Ocean
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Sample Questions
Q1) shallow estuaries in which freshwater and salt water are completely mixed from the top to the bottom of the water column
A)vertically mixed estuary
B)fjord
C)salt wedge estuary
D)highly stratified estuary
E)bar-built estuary
Q2) The type of circulation pattern found in Laguna Madre is:
A)opposite of the typical estuarine circulation pattern.
B)salt wedge pattern.
C)slightly stratified circulation pattern.
D)vertically mixed circulation pattern.
E)wind-driven circulation pattern.
Q3) The two most significant human sources of oil pollution in the marine environment are:
A)blow out accidents and urban run-off.
B)natural seeps and urban run-off.
C)normal oil tanker/shipping operations and urban run-off.
D)oil tanker and blowout accidents in marine coastal waters.
E)tar balls and oil tanker accidents.
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Chapter 12: Marine Life and the Marine Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) abyssopelagic
A)neritic
B)benthic
C)pelagic, neritic
D)pelagic
Q2) Planktonic organisms often have needle-like structures that:
A)are used as a defense mechanism.
B)are used as paddles to catch ocean currents.
C)increase density.
D)prevent sinking.
E)serve as a "skeleton" to support the diatom.
Q3) Cold, high-viscosity water benefits floating organisms more than warmer, low-viscosity water.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Define the terms hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic and discuss their relationship to osmotic pressure.
Q5) The oxygen minimum layer is found in the bathypelagic zone.
A)True
B)False
14
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Chapter 13: Biological Productivity and Energy Transfer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Energy flow in photosynthetic marine ecosystems is unidirectional in contrast to nutrients, which cycle through ecosystems.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The relative productivity in the world's oceans from most productive to least productive is:
A)polar waters, temperate waters, tropical waters.
B)polar waters, tropical waters, temperate waters.
C)temperate waters, polar waters, tropical waters.
D)temperate waters, tropical waters, polar waters.
E)tropical waters, temperate waters, polar waters.
Q3) Many fish stocks are characterized as overfished on a worldwide basis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How can overfishing of target species lead to significant changes in marine ecosystems?
Q5) Tropical oceans are generally characterized by low net primary productivity. What are three environments that are exceptions to this and what factors contribute to their higher productivity?
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Chapter 14: Animals of the Pelagic Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are baleen whales except:
A)blue whales.
B)fin whales.
C)gray whales.
D)right whales.
E)sperm whales.
Q2) Cruising fishes such as tuna have all of the following characteristics except:
A)they swim constantly in search of prey.
B)their muscle tissues are mostly red
C)they are capable of short periods of high-speed swimming.
D)they tend to have lunate tails.
E)All of the above are correct.
Q3) Identify the mismatched pair.
A)arrow worm-Chaetognath
B)krill-Crustacea
C)Physalia-Cnidarian
D)Sea gooseberry-Ctenophore
E)Squid-Annelid
Q4) Discuss the adaptations used by marine organisms to prevent sinking.
Q5) Distinguish between poikilotherms and homeotherms and give an example of each.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Animals of the Benthic Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) The temperature of the ocean water has a significant effect on species diversity of benthic communities.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The most important limiting factor in rocky intertidal communities is:
A)food.
B)light.
C)nutrients.
D)predation.
E)space.
Q3) Meiofauna are small organisms that live between sediment particles on sandy beaches.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One characteristic of hydrothermal vent communities is the unusually large size of organisms such as tubeworms and clams.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the conditions that limit the distribution of corals worldwide.
Q6) Discuss the role of sea urchins in kelp forest ecosystems.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Oceans and Climate Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the Kyoto Protocol? How has this accord impacted worldwide policies regarding greenhouse gas emissions?
Q2) Which of the following atmospheric constituents has the least ability to absorb heat on a per-mole basis?
A)carbon dioxide (CO )
B)methane (CH )
C)nitrous oxide (N O)
D)chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
E)ozone (O )
Q3) Briefly describe the observed changes in the world's oceans as a function of increased mean atmospheric temperature.
Q4) The oceans have absorbed the majority of the increased heat in the atmosphere. A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the difference between weather and climate? For example, if it rains in a particular location during the day, does that mean that the area has a wet climate? Explain.
Q6) Discuss the sources of information used by scientists to reconstruct climatic data prior to the era of modern climate records.
Page 18
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