Brain and Behavior Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
This course explores the intricate relationship between the brain and human behavior, examining how neural processes underlie thoughts, emotions, and actions. Students will learn about major brain structures, neurotransmitter systems, and their roles in sensation, perception, learning, memory, and decision-making. The course incorporates foundational concepts from neuroscience and psychology, as well as the latest research on neurodevelopment, mental health disorders, and the effects of brain injury. Through lectures, case studies, and interactive discussions, students will gain a comprehensive understanding of how biological factors influence behavior and how behavioral evidence contributes to our understanding of brain function.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Biological Psychology 2nd Edition by Laura Freberg
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16 Chapters
2931 Verified Questions
2931 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introducing Biological Psychology
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77424
Sample Questions
Q1) Using electrical brain stimulation,researchers have located areas of the brain that appear to be involved with
A) negative emotions,such as pain,but not positive emotions,such as pleasure.
B) positive emotions,such as pleasure,but not negative emotions,such as pain.
C) both positive emotions and negative emotions.
D) neither positive nor negative emotions.
Answer: C
Q2) Electroencephalography (EEG)recordings
A) are not affected by the bones and membranes covering the brain.
B) primarily reflect the activity of cells near the surface of the brain.
C) primarily reflect the activity of cells most distant from the surface of the brain.
D) reflect the activity of all cells of the brain equally.
Answer: B
Q3) Phrenology is a
A) technique for staining neural tissue.
B) misguided attempt to correlate personality with bumps in the skull.
C) method for imaging brain activity.
D) method for fixing neural tissue.
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first animals with simple nerve nets probably evolved about _________ years ago.
A) 4.5 billion
B) 3.5 billion
C) 700 million
D) 250 million
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the cranial nerves provides input and feedback from the heart,liver,and digestive tract?
A) the trochlear nerve (IV)
B) the abducens nerve (VI)
C) the hypoglossal nerve (XII)
D) the vagus nerve (X)
Answer: D
Q3) Primary somatosensory cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Cells of the Nervous System
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The amount of neurotransmitter released during exocytosis is largely determined by the amount of calcium entering the presynaptic axon terminal.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Electrical synapses are found in
A) plants and invertebrates,but not vertebrates.
B) plants,invertebrates,and some vertebrates,not including mammals.
C) mammals only.
D) plants and all animals.
Answer: D
Q3) Intracellular fluid is rich in
A) K<sup>+</sup>,with small amounts of Na<sup>+ </sup>and Cl<sup>-</sup>.
B) K<sup>+ </sup>and Cl<sup>-</sup>,with very small amounts of Na<sup>+</sup>.
C) Cl<sup>-</sup>,with very small amounts of K<sup>+ </sup>and Na<sup>+</sup>.
D) Na<sup>+ </sup>and Cl<sup>-</sup>,with small amounts of K<sup>+</sup>.
Answer: A
Q4) What is an interneuron?
Answer: An interneuron is a neuron that has neither a specific motor nor sensory function.
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Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the functions of one of the major neuropeptides.
Q2) The primary source of serotonin in the brain is the A) substantia nigra.
B) raphe nucleus.
C) locus coeruleus.
D) nucleus accumbens.
Q3) The ingestion of toxins may trigger a vomiting reflex controlled by the A) locus coeruleus.
B) area postrema.
C) raphe nucleus.
D) ventral tegmentum.
Q4) A brain structure that appears to be involved with addiction is the A) nucleus accumbens.
B) area postrema.
C) locus coeruleus.
D) raphe nucleus.
Q5) Suppose that a researcher has developed a new drug for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.How would you design an appropriate test to ensure that the drug was effective?
Page 6
Q6) How does cocaine produce its behavioral effects?
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Chapter 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research by Elenor Ames,Romanian orphans showed optimum recovery from early childhood deprivation when they were adopted prior to the age of
A) six months.
B) one year.
C) three years.
D) six years.
Q2) Because the heritability of height is 81 percent,and the heritability of adult Body Mass Index (BMI)is 59 percent,we can conclude that genetics play a stronger role in the development of height than BMI.
A)True
B)False
Q3) New neurons in a mature animal probably migrate to A) all areas of the brain.
B) the olfactory bulbs only.
C) the visual cortex.
D) the hippocampus and association cortex.
Q4) Why does a critical period end?
Q5) What are the possible benefits of adult neurogenesis?
Q6) Describe the dorsal-ventral differentiation of the neural tube.
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Chapter 6: Vision
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Small black print on a white background is an example of a stimulus with _________ frequency and _________ contrast.
A) high;high
B) high;low
C) low;high
D) low;low
Q2) When we enter a darkened theatre,it takes a while before we can see our surroundings clearly.The most likely explanation for this phenomenon is that
A) the lens needs time to accommodate to the change in lighting.
B) the glutamate in rods has been depleted and more must be synthesized.
C) the visual system switches slowly between processing inputs from cones to inputs from rods.
D) it takes about 30 minutes for rhodopsin to regenerate after it has broken apart in response to light.
Q3) In response to light falling on the retina,ganglion cells
A) go from being silent to very active.
B) go from being active to being silent.
C) change their spontaneous rate of firing.
D) release glutamate onto photoreceptors.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Nonvisual Sensation and Perception
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tonotopic organization is ineffective for sounds less than _________ Hz.
A) 10,000
B) 8,000
C) 5,000
D) 1,000
Q2) Ascending pain fibers use which of the following as their primary neurotransmitter?
A) GABA
B) glutamate
C) adenosine
D) epinephrine
Q3) The acoustic reflex results from the activity of the
A) ossicles and the oval window.
B) ossicles and the round window.
C) tensor tympani and the stapedius.
D) auditory canal and the tympanic membrane.
Q4) Distinguish between place theory and frequency theory in the perception of pitch.
Q5) What are the causes and symptoms of neglect syndrome?
Q6) What is a dermatome?
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Chapter 8: Movement
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182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a mirror neuron?
Q2) The detachment of actin and myosin molecules requires A) calcium.
B) sodium.
C) acetylcholine.
D) energy.
Q3) What is the function of striated muscles?
A) control blood pressure and move the eyes and lung
B) move nutrients through the digestive tract and move bones
C) move the heart and the bones
D) control blood pressure and move the heart
Q4) A Z line is a A) segment of myofibril.
B) type of muscle fiber.
C) boundary between adjacent sarcomeres.
D) boundary between adjacent myofibrils.
Q5) Describe the major features of fast and slow-twitch muscles,and discuss the implications of these different features for movement.
Q6) Provide an example of a cholinergic antagonist,and describe its effects on movement.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with spinal cord damage
A) do not have any problems with temperature regulation,because the spinal cord is the most sensitive part of the temperature regulation system.
B) have problems regulating core temperature in cold,but not hot conditions.
C) have problems regulating core temperature in hot,but not cold conditions.
D) have difficulty regulating temperature,because the spinal cord temperature regulating systems are less precise than brainstem or hypothalamic systems.
Q2) Ryan was running his first marathon with a friend,and after drinking a lot of plain water,he dropped out of the race.At the hospital,he was diagnosed with hyponatremia and treated for
A) a wide range of problems resulting from his failure to release ADH.
B) dehydration of organ tissues,including the brain,due to water moving into the hypertonic blood supply.
C) a dangerous loss of fluid due to constant urination.
D) swelling of the brain due to water moving out of his hypotonic blood.
Q3) Why does hyponatremia occur,and what are its consequences?
Q4) How might lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)disrupt appetite?
Q5) Describe the role of ghrelin in appetite.
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Chapter 10: Sexual Behavior
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Johnston's research on ideal facial features,men prefer female faces that are
A) unsymmetrical.
B) childlike.
C) similar to the face of attractive men.
D) consistent with cultural norms.
Q2) What is the relationship between birth order and sexual orientation in men?
Q3) The quantity of androgens produced by females is about _________ percent of the quantity produced by males.
A) 10
B) 25
C) 33
D) 50
Q4) In cases of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS),the testes release
A) testosterone,but not anti-Müllerian hormone.
B) anti-Müllerian hormone,but not testosterone.
C) both anti-Müllerian hormone and testosterone.
D) neither anti-Müllerian hormone nor testosterone.
Q5) What are the physical and cognitive effects of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)on females?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Sleep and Waking
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) External cues,such as the rising of the sun,used by animals to establish daily rhythms are known as
A) phase shifts.
B) zeitgebers.
C) entrainment signals.
D) circadian rhythms.
Q2) Waking is associated with A) alpha waves only.
B) beta waves only.
C) alternations between alpha and beta waves.
D) alternations between alpha and theta waves.
Q3) Cells forming the retinohypothalamic pathway contain A) rhodopsin,the same photopigment found in rods.
B) a variety of color photopigments.
C) no photopigments.
D) the photopigment melanopsin.
Q4) What are some of the challenges to health and safety faced by employees who work in the evening and night hours?
Q5) Discuss the possible causes of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Q6) What does the threat simulation hypothesis of dreaming propose?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In conditioned fear research with rats,which of the following might be used by the experimenters as a conditioned response?
A) working to postpone an electric shock
B) increased salivation
C) reductions in working for food
D) increases in working for food
Q2) Climbing fibers synapsing in the cerebellum originate from cells located in the A) deep cerebellar nuclei.
B) amygdala.
C) inferior olive of the medulla.
D) interpositus nucleus.
Q3) Long-term potentiation (LTP)may last
A) hours in living animals and indefinitely in a hippocampal slice.
B) hours in a hippocampal slice and indefinitely in living animals.
C) a few seconds in living animals and several hours in a hippocampal slice.
D) a few seconds in a hippocampal slice and several hours in living animals.
Q4) Following a traumatic experience,the hippocampus experiences a refractory period but the amygdala does not.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Lateralization, language, and Intelligence
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182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why do some researchers believe that a vulnerability to schizophrenia coincided with genetic changes that made human language possible?
Q2) Dyslexia is strongly influenced by genetics.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Patients with Broca's aphasia can
A) sing more clearly than they can speak.
B) write better than they can speak.
C) speak more clearly than they can write.
D) sing about as well as they can speak.
Q4) Sandra has always been good at multitasking.She seems to be able to keep track of several things going on at once.Researchers studying multitasking would likely suggest that Sandra's
A) brain function is less lateralized than those who cannot multitask as well.
B) brain function is more lateralized than those who cannot multitask as well.
C) verbal skills are in her right hemisphere.
D) verbal skills are in her left hemisphere.
Q5) In what ways do apes use language differently than humans?
Q6) What are the major features of Wernicke's aphasia?
Q7) Discuss the implications of lateralization on musical abilities and learning.
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Chapter 14: Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The use of the Maori haka by the New Zealand All Blacks rugby team demonstrates A) catharsis.
B) the ability of facial expression to alter mood.
C) the role of the right hemisphere in facial expression.
D) the role of the amygdala in emotion.
Q2) Mark received a call on his cell phone from his mother,but the reception was so poor and there was so much noise from the street that he had trouble making out her words.Even without knowing exactly what she was saying,however,he knew she was sad from her tone of voice.What can we infer from this information?
A) Mark is unusually sensitive to people's moods.Most people cannot interpret emotions very well over the phone.
B) Mark is probably mistaken about his mother's mood.
C) It is likely that Mark was holding his cell phone up to his left ear.
D) It is likely that Mark was holding his cell phone up to his right ear.
Q3) The amygdala contains a large number of receptors for A) THC.
B) benzodiazepines.
C) opiates.
D) Substance P.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Neurological Disorders
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Meningiomas typically
A) cannot be removed surgically due to their location.
B) are very likely to be malignant.
C) are very likely to be benign.
D) produce a serious risk of metastasis.
Q2) Independent growths of new tissue that lack purpose are known as A) tumors.
B) arteriovenous malformations.
C) cavernous malformations.
D) aneurysms.
Q3) Summarize the symptoms and treatment of AIDS dementia complex (ADC).
Q4) Olney's concept of excitotoxicity suggests that most neural death in ischemia is due to
A) excess cholinergic activity.
B) insufficient GABA activity.
C) insufficient glutamate activity.
D) excess glutamate activity.
Q5) What are some of the risk factors associated with the development of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Page 17
Q6) How does the World Health Organization (WHO)classify brain tumors?
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77439
Sample Questions
Q1) David is undergoing testing for a suspected psychological disorder.His testing includes an injection of sodium lactate.The purpose of this injection is to
A) treat David for obsessive-compulsive disorder,as he does not respond to other medications.
B) see if David has major depressive disorder,in which case he will show an abnormal response to the sodium lactate in his HPA axis.
C) see if David has bipolar disorder,in which case the sodium lactate will trigger a manic episode.
D) see if David will respond with a panic attack,in which case he will probably be diagnosed with panic disorder.
Q2) Approximately how many American schoolchildren have been diagnosed with attention deficity hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
A) less than 1 percent
B) about 7-8 percent
C) about 10 percent
D) about 15 percent
Q3) What relationship exists between diet and bipolar disorder?
Q4) Discuss the correlations between brain activity and antisocial behavior.
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Page 18