Behavioral Sciences for Educators
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the behavioral sciences as they apply to educational contexts. Students will examine key theories and research from psychology, sociology, and anthropology to understand how human behavior influences learning and classroom dynamics. Topics include motivation, development, socialization, group behavior, and the impact of culture on education. By integrating behavioral science principles, prospective educators will gain practical strategies to support student engagement, manage classroom behavior, and create inclusive learning environments. The course emphasizes evidence-based practices, critical thinking, and reflective approaches to address diverse student needs and promote positive educational outcomes.
Recommended Textbook
Children 13th Edition by John Santrock
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16 Chapters
1905 Verified Questions
1905 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If children from impoverished backgrounds are given individual attention by mentors,the children will spend more time studying and will,therefore,make higher grades.This statement is an example of a (n) A)test.
B)doctrine.
C)explanation.
D)hypothesis.
Answer: D
Q2) During which of the following developmental periods does achievement become a more central theme?
A)Adulthood
B)Early childhood
C)Middle and late childhood
D)Adolescence
Answer: C
Q3) Describe the five environmental systems discussed in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory.
Answer: The five environmental systems discussed in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory are:
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discovering the location of a gene (or genes)in relation to a marker gene (whose position is already known)is the goal of
A)genome-wide association method.
B)linkage analysis.
C)next-generation sequencing.
D)collective sampling.
Answer: B
Q2) What is genetic imprinting? How is it achieved? Discuss its implications for development.
Answer: Students' answers may vary. Genetic imprinting occurs when genes have differing effects depending on whether they are inherited from the mother or the father.A chemical process "silences" one member of the gene pair.For example,as a result of imprinting,only the maternally derived copy of a gene might be active,while the paternally derived copy of the same gene is silenced-or vice versa.Genetic imprinting has important implications for development and faulty imprinting may lead to abnormal development and disorders such as the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome,a growth disorder,and Wilms tumor,a type of cancer.
Q3) Describe two chromosomal abnormalities that affect only males. Answer: Students' answers may vary.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jennifer has developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy.What are the risks this condition poses to her child?
Answer: As Jennifer has developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy,she may deliver a very large infant and the infant itself may be at risk for diabetes.
Q2) Regarding paternal factors and pregnancy,an increased risk for developing cancer is associated with fathers
A)over the age of 40.
B)who smoked prior to and during the pregnancy.
C)who consumed minimal amounts of alcohol during the pregnancy.
D)who were between the ages of 25 and 35.
Answer: B
Q3) The Rh factor can result in a risk to a child if the
A)fetus's blood is Rh negative and the mother's is Rh positive.
B)fetus's blood is Rh positive and the mother's is Rh negative.
C)father's Rh factor and the mother's Rh factor are both negative.
D)father's Rh factor and the mother's Rh factor are both positive.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Birth
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Very preterm infants are those born between ________ weeks of gestation.
A)33 and 36
B)28 and 33
C)25 and 28
D)36 and 38
Q2) Which hormone is released as a result of massage therapy given to preterm infants?
A)Progesterone
B)Testosterone
C)Estrogen
D)Insulin
Q3) During the postpartum period,increased stress,relationship conflict,and impaired decision making can all result from
A)sleep deprivation.
B)too much television viewing.
C)increased exercise regime.
D)excessive support from family and friends.
Q4) During which stage of the birth process does the baby move through the cervix and the birth canal? What are the events that occur during that stage?
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does visual activity develop in infants?
Q2) The _____ lobes of the cerebral cortex are involved in voluntary movement,thinking,personality,emotion,memory,sustained attention,and intentionality or purpose.
A)occipital
B)frontal
C)temporal
D)parietal
Q3) Infants of 0 to 2 years of age sleep an average of _____ hours a day.
A)7.9
B)9.4
C)11.6
D)12.8
Q4) Bottle feeding is recommended for mothers who A)are HIV positive.
B)have active tuberculosis.
C)taking drugs that might harm the infant.
D)all of these.
Q5) How do sensation of hearing and vision occur?
Q6) List out the benefits of breast feeding for the child.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lillian gave her class of 12 students a sentence-making exercise in her English class.She provided the students with 7 words and instructed them to create as many sentences as they could with this set of words only.Lillian's exercise tests
A)infinite generativity.
B)perceptual organization.
C)emotional intelligence.
D)postconventional reasoning.
Q2) On Dora's first birthday,one her aunts brought a set of Lego basic bricks that she absolutely loves.Dora spends hours building,breaking,and rebuilding towers from the blocks and smiles widely whenever she discovers something new she can do with them.Dora's preoccupation with manipulating the building blocks in different ways reflects a function of the sensorimotor substage of
A)secondary circular reactions
B)tertiary circular reactions,novelty,and curiosity.
C)first habits and primary circular reactions.
D)simple reflexes.
Q3) What is the relationship between language and phonology?
Q4) Distinguish between implicit and explicit memory.
Q5) What is labeling?
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Chapter 7: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Caregivers of insecure disorganized babies
A)are sensitive to their signals.
B)often let their babies have an active part in determining the onset and pacing of interaction in the first year of life.
C)tend to be inconsistent; sometimes they respond to their babies' needs,and sometimes they don't.
D)often neglect or physically abuse them.
Q2) With reference to the Strange Situation,_____ babies often cling to the caregiver and then resist her by fighting against the closeness,perhaps by kicking or pushing away.
A)insecure avoidant
B)securely attached
C)insecure resistant
D)insecure disorganized
Q3) How do mothers and fathers interact differently with infants as observed across most cultures?
Q4) What are the direct and indirect effects of subsystems on each other in a family as stated by Jay Belsky?
Q5) What is attachment? Explain the view of Sigmund Freud on attachment in infants.
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of eating behavior,providing clear information about what is expected,being nurturing,and appropriately responding to children's cues is reflective of a ____ feeding style.
A)sensitive
B)restrictive
C)obsessive
D)maternal
Q2) Which of the following is associated with a high consumption of saturated and trans fat?
A)Increase in cholesterol level
B)Strengthening of the cardiac muscles
C)Increased blood platelet count
D)Decreased BMI counts
Q3) Children and adolescents whose BMI is at or above the _____ percentile are classified as overweight.
A)85th
B)80th
C)97th
D)95th
Q4) List a few instances of fatal non-vehicle-related deaths in young children.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lonnie's preschool is academically focused.The children do several paper-and-pencil activities each day and are formally tested every Friday.According to research on developmentally appropriate schools,Lonnie will _____ than if he had attended a developmentally appropriate preschool.
A)be less advanced in vocabulary and math
B)be less creative
C)be less motivated to learn
D)show lower confidence during test taking
Q2) Children with autism struggle with the theory of mind.Which of the following was NOT listed as additional reasons why these children might struggle?
A)Problems with executive function
B)Language impairment
C)Difficulty with face recognition
D)Delays in creativity
Q3) Describe the Montessori approach to education.
Q4) What is a developmentally inappropriate educational practice? Give a suitable example.
Q5) What is attention? Explain the two aspects of attention: executive attention and sustained attention.
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Heteronomous morality is characterized by the expectation that,if a rule is broken,punishment will be meted out immediately.This expectation is defined as
A)social contract.
B)law and order morality.
C)immanent justice.
D)universal ethics.
Q2) _____ represent the class of sex hormones that promote the development of male sex organs.
A)Estrogens
B)Progesterones
C)Androgens
D)Estradiols
Q3) During early childhood years,self-conscious emotions such as pride and guilt are mainly influenced by
A)hereditary and genetic factors.
B)parents' responses to children's behavior.
C)moods and preferences of children.
D)children's sense of fairness and empathy.
Q4) What are the drawbacks of Baumrind's parenting styles?
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children who are at or above the _____ percentile of body mass index (BMI)are included in the overweight category.
A)65th
B)75th
C)55th
D)95th
Q2) List some of the most common causes of serious injuries during middle and late childhood.
Q3) A ten-year-old child suffering from ADHD is likely to find which of the following tasks difficult?
A)Skipping
B)Writing
C)Breathing regularly
D)Planning effectively
Q4) All of the following are possible causes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
EXCEPT:
A)Exposure to cigarette and alcohol
B)High levels of maternal stress
C)Having two or more siblings
D)Genetic predisposition
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Robert Sternberg's and Howard Gardner's theories of intelligence are similar in that both
A)emphasize the ability to adapt to novel situations.
B)hypothesize several different types of intelligence.
C)hypothesize a single-factor theory of intelligence.
D)emphasize the ability to identify and remember patterns quickly.
Q2) Recent research links executive function,focused attention,emotion regulation,and empathy to A)genetics.
B)mindfulness.
C)weight lifting.
D)behavior medication.
Q3) Paul has an IQ of 72.He lives in his own apartment,has a job,and supports himself.He has an active social life with many friends with whom he goes bowling and goes out to eat frequently.According to the definition of mental retardation,Paul is _____ retarded.
A)mildly
B)not
C)severely
D)moderately
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Chapter 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following of Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning do trust,caring,and loyalty serve as bases of moral judgments?
A)Heteronomous morality
B)Individualism,instrumental purpose,and exchange
C)Mutual interpersonal expectations,relationships,and interpersonal conformity
D)Social systems morality
Q2) What is a possible unintended outcome of providing inflated praise to children for mediocre work?
A)They will feel great about themselves.
B)They will attempt even the most challenging of tasks.
C)They will attempt to avoid tasks that are too challenging.
D)They will learn to accept criticism without question.
Q3) Six-year-old Phyllis decided to obey her older sister Maggie so that she would be allowed to go with Maggie to watch a movie.Phyllis is operating from Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral reasoning.
A)heteronomous morality
B)individualism,instrumental purpose,and exchange
C)mutual interpersonal expectations,relationships,and interpersonal conformity
D)social systems morality
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The endocrine system's role in puberty involves the interaction of the
A)thymus,the pineal gland,and the corpus callosum.
B)hypothalamus,the pituitary gland,and the gonads.
C)pons,the pineal gland,and the pancreatic system.
D)reticular formation and the ductal glands.
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE regarding adolescent pregnancy?
A)Nearly all adolescent pregnancies in the United States are planned.
B)Adolescents in the United States are more sexually active than their counterparts in the Netherlands.
C)The United States has one of the lowest rates of adolescent pregnancy among developed countries.
D)The U.S.adolescent pregnancy rate is eight times higher than in the Netherlands.
Q3) According to your text,sexual identities emerge in the context of physical,social,and ______ factors.
A)cultural
B)intellectual
C)unknown
D)informational
Q4) Describe AIDS and its treatment options.
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of hypothetical-deductive reasoning?
A)Andrew draws his family tree and is able to understand that his mother is also a daughter,a sister,and a wife at the same time.
B)Paula solves an algebraic problem by making plans to solve the problem and systematically testing each solution.
C)Ann resolves a fight with her friend by offering a compromise,an approach that had always worked in the past.
D)Viola learns how to play the piano by observing her mother closely while she plays the instrument,and then practicing by herself.
Q2) Which of the following statements,made by Barbara,is an indicator of the imagined audience phenomenon?
A)"Why am I always thinking that bad things will happen to me?"
B)"My parents are so frustrating."
C)"I love arguing politics and religion."
D)"Everyone is going to notice that I'm wearing braces."
Q3) What is cognitive moral education?
Q4) Describe the key changes in adolescent information processing and explain how these changes affect the adolescent.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eriksonian researcher James Marcia argues that Erikson's theory of identity development contains four statuses of identity.Which of the following is one of these four statuses?
A)Identity inquisition
B)Identity stagnation
C)Identity evolution
D)Identity diffusion
Q2) Low parental monitoring has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT:
A)Early graduation from high school
B)Juvenile delinquency
C)Alcohol use
D)Marijuana use
Q3) According to Erik Erikson's theory,what are the consequences of an adolescent failing to resolve an identity crisis?
Q4) James Marcia defines commitment as a period of identity development when adolescents
A)personally invest in identity.
B)gain self-confidence.
C)find a support system of significant others.
D)develop inferiority complex.
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