Basic Life Sciences
Question Bank
Course Introduction
Basic Life Sciences introduces students to the fundamental concepts that underpin the biological world. The course explores topics such as the structure and function of cells, principles of genetics, evolution, ecology, and the diversity of life forms. Students will gain an understanding of how living organisms interact with their environment, the basic chemistry of life, and the processes essential for sustaining life. The course lays the groundwork for advanced study in biological sciences and helps students appreciate the role of life sciences in addressing challenges in health, agriculture, and the environment.
Recommended Textbook
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology 5th Edition by Eric J. Simon
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29 Chapters
1538 Verified Questions
1538 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction: Biology Today
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is required for natural selection to occur?
A) inheritance
B) unequal reproductive success
C) individual variation
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q2) If the proportion of brightly colored male lizards increased steadily in future generations,this would ________.
A) reject the original hypothesis
B) be an example of evolution due to natural selection
C) illustrate the relationship between structure and function
D) demonstrate the flow of energy through a system
Answer: B
Q3) You try to start your car,but it does not start.Which of these is a hypothesis?
A) My car's battery is dead.
B) If I recharge the battery, then my car will start.
C) My car is too old to function properly.
D) What is wrong with my car?
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Essential Chemistry for Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a base is added to a buffered solution,the buffer will ________.
A) donate OH ions
B) accept water molecules
C) donate H ions
D) form covalent bonds with the base
Answer: C
Q2) Adjacent water molecules are connected by the ________.
A) sharing of electrons between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule
B) electrical attraction between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule
C) sharing of electrons between adjacent oxygen molecules
D) electrical attraction between the hydrogen atoms of adjacent water molecules
Answer: B
Q3) How can radiation be controlled and safely used in medicine?
A) Apply radiation throughout the body at uncontrolled doses.
B) Apply radiation throughout the body at controlled doses.
C) Apply radiation to specific parts of the body at uncontrolled doses.
D) Apply radiation to specific parts of the body at controlled doses.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: The Molecules of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) A protein's function is most dependent on its ________.
A) pH
B) shape
C) size
D) weight Answer: B
Q2) Sometimes when I have my morning coffee,which I drink black with no cream or sugar,I notice a thin film floating on top of the coffee.Since I have just read Chapter 3 of the text,I now realize the nature of this substance and so I run to my friend screaming,"Look at this ________ in my coffee!"
A) hydrophilic substance
B) hydrophobic substance
C) disaccharide
D) polysaccharide
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell
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Sample Questions
Q1) What evidence suggests that mitochondria might have evolved before chloroplasts?
A) Mitochondria can sometimes divide to produce chloroplasts.
B) Only mitochondria have their own DNA.
C) Some mitochondria have chloroplasts inside of them.
D) Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria but only some cells have chloroplasts.
Q2) Most human cells contain ________ chromosomes.
A) 36
B) 46
C) 2
D) 23
Q3) Microtubules are associated with ________.
A) cilia
B) flagella
C) cell shape
D) all of the answer choices
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Chapter 5: The Working Cell
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Sample Questions
Q1) The amount of dietary Calories in one hard-boiled egg could raise the temperature of ________.
A) 75 grams of water by 1 degree Celsius
B) 750 grams of water by 1 degree Celsius
C) 1,000 grams of water by 75 degrees Celsius
D) 7,500 grams of water by 50 degrees Celsius
Q2) When a person cries,tears are exported from cells through the process of ________.
A) facilitated diffusion
B) active transport
C) endocytosis
D) exocytosis
Q3) You are riding on your bike and stop pedaling,coasting along the road.Eventually,your bike slows down and stops.What happened to the energy of your motion when your bike stopped?
A) It was returned to the bicycle.
B) It was converted back to chemical energy.
C) It was released as heat.
D) It was used to chemically break down the tires.
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Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food
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Sample Questions
Q1) Examine the figure above.Most of the mass of the tree shown in the figure comes from ________.
A) water
B) glucose
C) the air
D) the soil
Q2) What must pyruvic acid be converted to before it can enter the citric acid cycle?
A) acetyl CoA
B) lactic acid
C) ethyl alcohol
D) citric acid
Q3) Photosynthetic organisms like grass are able to ________.
A) make all of their organic matter from organic molecules in the soil.
B) use water they take in through their leaves as a final electron acceptor.
C) change the light energy from sunlight into sugars
D) use substances in the air as a major source of carbon.
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Chapter 7: Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where are photosystems located?
A) chlorophyll
B) thylakoid membrane
C) mitochondria
D) stroma
Q2) The light reactions are generally presented in zig-zag patterns,as shown in the accompanying figure.What is the significance of the primary electron receptor shown at position 2 being slightly higher than the primary electron receptor shown at position 3?
A) The electron that has been accepted gains energy as it leaves the primary electron receptor at 2 and heads to the primary electron receptor at position 3.
B) The primary electron receptor at 2 has slightly less energy than the primary electron receptor at position 3.
C) The primary electron receptor at position 2 comes before the primary electron receptor at position 3.
D) Since electrons have given off energy in the electron transport chain, they can be boosted higher by the second photosystem. Answer B
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9
Chapter 8: Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following occurs during interphase?
A) Chromatin becomes tightly coiled.
B) Chromosome duplication occurs.
C) Sister chromatids separate.
D) The mitotic spindle forms.
Q2) The mitotic cell cycle results in the production of ________.
A) four cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
B) two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information
C) two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
D) four cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information
Q3) Genetic variation is accomplished by all but one of the following.Choose the exception.
A) the events of meiosis I
B) crossing over
C) independent assortment
D) the events of meiosis II
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Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) A mating between a purebred purple-flowered pea plant and a purebred white-flowered pea plant would produce a(n)________.
A) purebred variety
B) hybrid
C) P generation
D) F generation
Q2) What would genetic counselors say is the probability that the second child will have the disease?
A) 1/2
B) 1/4
C) 1/8
D) 1/16
Q3) What is the key to the recognition of incomplete dominance?
A) The phenotype of the heterozygote falls between the phenotypes of the homozygotes.
B) The trait exhibits a continuous distribution.
C) The alleles affect more than one trait.
D) The heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both homozygotes.
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Chapter 10: The Structure and Function of DNA
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would NOT likely develop as an emerging virus?
A) a virus harmful to humans that changes very slowly over time
B) A virus that is normally harmless to humans undergoes rapid mutations.
C) a virus that begins to infect people in New York City, a popular tourist destination
D) a virus that affects primarily rabbits mutates and infects humans
Q2) What is the ultimate source of all diversity?
A) natural selection
B) sexual recombination
C) meiosis
D) mutation
Q3) Thymine and cytosine differ from adenine and guanine in that ________.
A) thymine and cytosine are single-ring structures, whereas adenine and guanine are double-ring structures
B) thymine and cytosine are only found in DNA, whereas adenine and guanine are found in both DNA and RNA
C) thymine and cytosine are only found in DNA, whereas adenine and guanine are only found in RNA
D) thymine and cytosine are larger nitrogenous bases
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Page 12
Chapter 11: How Genes Are Controlled
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Sample Questions
Q1) Data suggest that the normal version of BRCA1 functions as a(n)________.
A) oncogene
B) tumor-suppressor gene
C) proto-oncogene
D) silencer
Q2) Cells communicate with one another via ________.
A) cascades of gene activation
B) the diffusion of RNA transcripts through adhesion junctions
C) signal transduction pathways
D) RNA splicing
Q3) Why can mature plants be cloned to produce genetically identical copies?
A) Mature plant cells contain only a fraction of the genes found in an adult plant.
B) Plants have evolved over time to suit the need of human agriculture.
C) Mature plant cells can develop into all the specialized cells of an adult plant.
D) Scientists have engineered all plants to have this ability.
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13
Chapter 12: DNA Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The human genome contains approximately ________ genes.
A) 1,000
B) 5,000
C) 21,000
D) 30,000
Q2) Restriction enzymes are obtained from ________.
A) archaea
B) eukaryotes
C) viruses
D) bacteria
Q3) When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein,the ________.
A) plasmids multiply and produce the protein outside of the bacterium
B) bacterial chromosome is genetically engineered, and the plasmid is used to help the bacterium replicate
C) desired gene is inserted into the plasmid, and the plasmid is taken up by the bacterium
D) bacterial genome and plasmid are inserted into the genome of the cell containing the desired gene
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Page 14
Chapter 13: How Populations Evolve
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Sample Questions
Q1) The original source of genetic variation that serves as the raw material for natural selection is ________.
A) mutation
B) gene flow
C) geographic isolation
D) random fertilization
Q2) Some biologists urge the collection of the few remaining individuals of some of the most threatened amphibian species in order to preserve them if they become extinct in the wild.If such captive-breeding programs could produce thousands of individuals from just a few of the remaining survivors,the species will still be threatened because of
A) a bottleneck effect
B) directional selection
C) mutations
D) artificial selection
Q3) Gene flow is accomplished by ________.
A) migration
B) sexual recombination
C) mutation
D) natural selection
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Chapter 14: How Biological Diversity Evolves
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Sample Questions
Q1) Speciation requires ________.
A) periods of rapid evolutionary change
B) geographic isolation
C) long periods of time
D) genetic isolation
Q2) Characid fishes are found naturally only in South America and Africa.Fossils of these fish are not found on any other continents.What is the most likely explanation of this distribution pattern?
A) These fishes arose in either Africa or South America and migrated across the South Atlantic Ocean to the other continent.
B) Characid fishes arose prior to the separation of the African and South American continents.
C) Characid fishes arose in the South Atlantic Ocean and migrated to Africa and South America.
D) Convergent evolution is responsible for the distribution of characid fishes.
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16
Chapter 15: The Evolution of Microbial Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) A vector is an organism that transfers a pathogen to a host.In the case of malaria,the vector(s)is (are)________.
A) humans only
B) humans and Anopheles mosquitoes
C) Anopheles mosquitoes only
D) humans, Plasmodium, and Anopheles mosquitoes
Q2) Endosymbiosis explains the origin of the ________ of eukaryotes.
A) chloroplasts and mitochondria
B) endomembrane system
C) nuclear envelope
D) membrane-bound organelles
Q3) Spherical bacteria that occur in clusters are ________.
A) streptococci
B) bacilli
C) spirochetes
D) staphylococci
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Chapter 16: The Evolution of Plants and Fungi
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a component of the female structure of a flowering plant?
A) petal
B) filament
C) anther
D) stigma
Q2) Of the following,which is the earliest step in the formation of fossil fuels?
A) subjecting organic matter to extreme pressure
B) flooding swamps with seawater
C) incomplete decomposition of organic matter
D) subjecting organic matter to extreme heat
Q3) Why are bryophytes considered incompletely liberated from their ancestral aquatic habitat?
A) They lack lignin.
B) Their sperm are flagellated.
C) The gametophyte generation is dominant.
D) They lack a cuticle.
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Chapter 17: The Evolution of Animals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which animals have a cylindrical body that is tapered at both ends?
A) platyhelminthes
B) cnidarians
C) annelids
D) roundworms
Q2) ________ are the most diverse group of arthropods.
A) Insects
B) Millipedes
C) Arachnids
D) Crustaceans
Q3) Approximately what percent of bird species are threatened with extinction today?
A) 5%
B) 12%
C) 25%
D) 45%
Q4) How do sponges differ from all other animals?
A) Sponges exhibit radial symmetry.
B) Sponges are autotrophs.
C) Sponges lack a true body cavity.
D) Sponges lack true tissues.
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Chapter 18: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
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Sample Questions
Q1) The greenhouse effect causes an increase in global temperatures.This increase is due primarily to ________.
A) CO and other greenhouse gases allowing more solar radiation to penetrate Earth's surface
B) CO and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of UV radiation from Earth
C) the loss of ozone that trapped cooling UV radiation in the atmosphere
D) CO and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of heat from Earth
Q2) If you study how two species of finches compete for food,you are trying to answer a question about ________.
A) community ecology
B) population ecology
C) organismal ecology
D) ecosystems ecology
Q3) Water-storing plants and deeply rooted shrubs are plants that characterize
A) tropical forests
B) chaparral
C) deserts
D) savanna
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Population Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these best describes Type III survivorship?
A) There is high survivorship for the very young.
B) Most individuals survive to older age intervals.
C) Survivorship is constant over the lifespan.
D) Survivorship is high for the few individuals that survive to a certain age.
Q2) The Endangered Species Act aims to help protect species that ________.
A) are in danger of extinction
B) dominate suitable habitats
C) compete with invasive species
D) are economically valuable
Q3) Type I survivorship curves are typical of species that exhibit ________.
A) an intermediate number of offspring and an intermediate level of parental care
B) few offspring and good parental care
C) many offspring and good parental care
D) many offspring and poor parental care
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Chapter 20: Communities and Ecosystems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Species found in only one place on Earth are called ________ species.
A) hot spot
B) exotic
C) keystone
D) endemic
Q2) Modern conservation science increasingly aims at ________.
A) protecting federally listed endangered species
B) countering pollution
C) sustaining entire ecosystems
D) maintaining genetic diversity within species
Q3) Small fishes that eat zooplankton are ________.
A) primary consumers
B) producers
C) tertiary consumers
D) secondary consumers
Q4) Organisms that consume producers are ________.
A) detritivores
B) decomposers
C) primary consumers
D) producers
Page 22
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Chapter 21: Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is TRUE of a typical skeletal muscle?
A) It is found in the walls of organs such as the digestive tract.
B) Its fibers do not have a striped appearance under the microscope.
C) It can be enlarged by exercise.
D) It is only found in heart tissue.
Q2) A physiologist is a biologist who studies the ________.
A) structure of living things
B) structure of body parts
C) evolution of animals
D) function of body parts
Q3) The fact that every organism continuously exchanges chemicals and energy with its surroundings indicates that organisms ________.
A) are open systems
B) are closed systems
C) have tightly controlled thermoregulation
D) osmoregulate
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23
Chapter 22: Nutrition and Digestion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regurgitation of food could indicate ________.
A) Sjögren's syndrome
B) achlorhydria
C) megaesophagus
D) celiac disease
Q2) What is the epiglottis?
A) a muscle that moves the esophagus into line with the pharynx during swallowing
B) a muscle that moves the trachea out of line with the pharynx during swallowing
C) a flap that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing
D) a muscular sphincter that closes off the entry to the trachea during swallowing
Q3) Which mineral is needed for the proper functioning of nerves,muscles,and bones?
A) calcium
B) linoleic acid
C) sodium
D) salt
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24
Chapter 23: Circulation and Respiration
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Sample Questions
Q1) Trace the path of a red blood cell in a circuit that takes it from the capillary bed of the right kidney to the capillary bed of the left kidney.Assume that you are doing this for an animal with a double circulation system.
A) capillary bed of right kidney venules veins right atrium right ventricle pulmonary arteries capillaries of lungs pulmonary veins left atrium left ventricle aorta arteries arterioles capillary bed of left kidney
B) capillary bed of right kidney venules veins right atrium right ventricle pulmonary veins capillaries of lungs pulmonary arteries left atrium left ventricle aorta arteries arterioles capillary bed of left kidney
C) capillary bed of right kidney venules veins left atrium left ventricle pulmonary arteries capillaries of lungs pulmonary veins right atrium right ventricle aorta arteries arterioles capillary bed of left kidney
D) capillary bed of right kidney arterioles arteries aorta right atrium right ventricle pulmonary arteries capillaries of lungs pulmonary veins left atrium left ventricle veins venules capillary bed of left kidney
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Chapter 24: The Body's Defenses
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Q1) Which of the following cell types are specifically responsible for the B cell response?
A) T cells
B) B cells
C) phagocytic cells
D) natural killer cells
Q2) Anaphylactic shock ________.
A) occurs when blood vessels constrict abruptly
B) is a symptom of an immunodeficiency disease
C) causes blood pressure to drop dangerously
D) has no treatment
Q3) A role of the lymphatic system is to ________.
A) transport histamine
B) produce hormones related to fighting infections
C) produce white blood cells
D) return tissue fluid to the circulatory system
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Chapter 25: Hormones
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Q1) Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
A) The anterior pituitary is composed of nervous tissue.
B) The anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary work together to secrete the same hormones.
C) Inhibiting hormones make the anterior pituitary secrete hormones.
D) The pituitary secretes hormones that influence numerous body functions.
Q2) Eating very spicy food stimulates the release of ________.
A) endorphins
B) insulin
C) glucagon
D) calcitonin
Q3) Nate is gaining weight,is often tired,and feels cold.His thyroid hormone level is high as is the level of TSH.Nate also has a goiter.Which of these diagnoses is the most likely for Nate's condition?
A) defective thyroid hormone receptors in his body cells
B) insufficient iodine in his diet
C) defective receptors for thyroid hormone control by the anterior pituitary
D) too much iodine in the diet
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Chapter 26: Reproduction and Development
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Q1) Menstruation ________.
A) involves the breakdown of the endometrium
B) is stimulated by HCG
C) occurs after ovulation but prior to degeneration of the follicle
D) is triggered by an LH surge
Q2) Which one of the following is a result of programmed cell death?
A) formation of fingers in humans
B) gastrulation
C) formation of the notochord
D) formation of the brain
Q3) What does the ovarian cycle image above illustrate?
A) A rise in the level of luteinizing hormone brings about ovulation.
B) A rise in the level of estrogen brings about ovulation.
C) The endometrium is thinner during the first half of the cycle than during the latter half.
D) A corpus luteum is necessary for ovulation.
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Chapter 27: Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems
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Q1) A person whose eyeball is shorter than normal suffers from ________.
A) farsightedness
B) nearsightedness
C) astigmatism
D) cataracts
Q2) Some adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)have abnormally low activity of the neurotransmitter involved in pleasure,attention,memory,sleep,movement,and learning,which increases their risk of drug abuse.Which drug are they most likely to abuse?
A) cocaine
B) morphine
C) codeine
D) alcohol
Q3) Alzheimer's disease is characterized by ________.
A) mental deterioration, memory loss, and personality changes
B) extreme mood swings
C) loss of energy and suicidal thoughts
D) increased energy and extreme talkativeness
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Chapter 28: The Life of a Flowering Plant
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Sample Questions
Q1) How old are these trees?
A) 3.5 years old
B) 7 years old
C) 14 years old
D) 28 years old
Q2) Which of the following describes the sites of leaf attachment in a stem?
A) joints
B) nodes
C) internodes
D) cotyledons
Q3) Which of the following describes the vascular system of a typical plant? I)It is made up of xylem and phloem.
II)It provides support.
III)It transports nutrients throughout the plant.
A) I
B) I and II
C) I and III
D) I, II, and III
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Chapter 29: The Working Plant
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Sample Questions
Q1) Trace the flow of a water molecule that is used during photosynthesis.
A) stoma xylem root hair mycorrhiza
B) soil root hair xylem stoma atmosphere
C) soil root hair xylem leaf cell
D) soil xylem leaf cell atmosphere
Q2) Which of the following hormones promotes seed dormancy?
A) cytokinin
B) ethylene
C) gibberellin
D) abscisic acid
Q3) Which of the following best describes the role of plant root nodules in plants such as peas and beans?
A) They house nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
B) They help absorb nutrients from the soil.
C) They house mycorrhizae.
D) They store nutrients.
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