Basic Electrocardiography
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Basic Electrocardiography introduces students to the fundamental principles of electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation and its clinical significance. The course covers the anatomy and physiology of the heart, the electrical conduction system, and the principles underlying ECG recordings. Students will learn how to identify normal and abnormal heart rhythms, recognize common arrhythmias, and interpret basic ECG findings. Through practical exercises and case studies, participants will gain hands-on experience in ECG lead placement, waveform analysis, and troubleshooting technical issues. This course provides essential knowledge for students pursuing careers in healthcare, particularly in fields such as cardiology, emergency medicine, and nursing.
Recommended Textbook
EKG Plain and Simple 4th Edition by Karen Ellis
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15 Chapters
875 Verified Questions
875 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What causes heart sounds?
A)Blood traveling through the heart
B)Opening of the heart valves
C)Closing of the heart valves
D)Blood hitting an obstruction in the peripheral circulation
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following statements about the right atrium is TRUE?
A)It is a receiving chamber for oxygenated blood returning from the lungs.
B)It is the major pumping chamber of the heart.
C)It is about 100% saturated with oxygen.
D)It is the receiving chamber for deoxygenated blood coming from the vena cava.
Answer: D
Q3) The second heart sound (S2)is associated with closure of which heart valves?
A)Mitral and aortic
B)Tricuspid and pulmonic
C)Tricuspid and mitral
D)Aortic and pulmonic
Answer: D
Q4) The two phases of the cardiac cycle are systole and ________.
Answer: Diastole
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Chapter 2: Electrophysiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The area of the conduction system that initiates the impulse is called the A)internodal tract.
B)pacemaker.
C)bundle of His.
D)lead.
Answer: B
Q2) Cardiac cell stimulus during the absolute refractory period often results in very fast,dangerous rhythms.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The cardiac cell at rest has what kind of electrical charge?
A)Positive charge
B)Negative charge
C)Neutral charge
D)No charge at all
Answer: B
Q4) Normal QRS interval is ________ seconds or less than three small blocks. Answer: <0.12
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Chapter 3: Lead Morphology and Placement
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ________ is an arrow that depicts the general direction of current flow.
Answer: vector
Q2) How does the EKG machine increase the size of waves and complexes in augmented leads?
A)It increases the voltage.
B)It decreases the voltage.
C)It eliminates the positive pole.
D)It eliminates the negative pole.
Answer: A
Q3) Based on Einthoven's Law,the shortest QRS complex should NOT be in Lead
Answer: II
Q4) It is abnormal for the QRS to be negative in aVR.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) The normal QRS complex deflection is positive in leads I and aVF. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Technical Aspects of the EKG
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Sample Questions
Q1) Artifact can mimic arrhythmias.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ________ is unwanted jitter or interference on the EKG tracing.
Q3) A thick-looking pattern on the EKG paper that looks like someone used a thick Magic Marker to write the baseline is typical of what kind of artifact?
Q4) To minimize artifact,what must be done?
A)Attach electrode patches securely
B)Tell the patient not to breathe during the EKG
C)Tell the patient not to move during the EKG
D)All but B
Q5) On your sleeping patient's 12-lead EKG,Lead I's waves and complexes are extremely jittery-completely unreadable-as are aVR's.The most likely cause of this is
A)heart is on the right side of the body instead of the left.
B)gain is set too low.
C)patient has an arrhythmia.
D)right arm electrode or patch is loose or off.
Q6) The word "somatic" means ________.
Q7) CPR artifact is caused by chest compressions obscuring the real ________.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Calculating Heart Rate
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Sample Questions
Q1) Calculating heart rate involves counting the number of P waves on the strip.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The mean rate is calculated by
A)counting the number of P waves in a minute-long rhythm strip.
B)counting the number of QRS complexes in a minute-long rhythm strip.
C)counting the number of QRS complexes on a six-second strip and multiplying by 10.
D)counting the number of P waves on a six-second strip and multiplying by 10.
Q3) The mean rate in Figure 1 is
A)50.
B)60.
C)70.
D)100.
Q4) The rhythm in Figure 2 is
A)regular.
B)irregular.
C)regular but interrupted by premature beats.
D)regular but interrupted by pauses.
Q5) If the QRS complexes are all 50 little blocks apart,the heart rate is ________.
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Chapter 6: How to Interpret a Rhythm Strip
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sinus rhythms should have narrow QRS complexes of uniform shape.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The normal rhythm of the heart is called ________.
Q3) A rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100 is a tachycardia.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The distance between consecutive P waves is called the ________.
Q5) An abnormal rhythm is called an arrhythmia.
A)True
B)False
Q6) A rhythm originating in the sinus node should NOT have which of the following?
A)Narrow QRS complexes of uniform shape
B)Regularly spaced QRS complexes
C)Absent QRS complexes
D)Heart rate of 60-100
Q7) The normal PR interval in sinus rhythm should be ________.
Q8) A rhythm with a heart rate less than 60 is a tachycardia.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Rhythms Originating in the Sinus Node
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is a rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100.
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE about sinus rhythm?
A)It is regular.
B)It has an irregularly irregular pattern of QRS complexes.
C)It has multiple shapes of P waves.
D)It has wide QRS complexes without preceding P waves.
Q3) Treatment for sinus tachycardia associated with a high fever would be to A)give atropine.
B)start CPR.
C)give acetaminophen or ibuprofen to get the temperature down.
D)give beta-blockers.
Q4) All sinus rhythms have
A)upright,matching P waves.
B)wide,bizarre QRS complexes.
C)multiple P waves of varying configurations.
D)heart rates between 40 and 100.
Q5) In sinus rhythms,P waves are found ________ the QRS complexes.
Q6) Sinus bradycardia is common among well-conditioned athletes.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Rhythms Originating in the Atria
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Sample Questions
Q1) Flutter waves are often described as sawtooth- or picket-fence-shaped waves.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Atrial fibrillation is routinely a reason to begin CPR.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Frequent PACs can be a sign of impending
A)heart failure.
B)sinus arrest.
C)respiratory failure.
D)cardiac arrest.
Q4) In SVT,the QRS complexes are regular.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Paroxysmal means
A)starting and stopping suddenly.
B)life-threatening.
C)premature.
D)prolonged.
Q6) Multifocal atrial tachycardia has at least ________ different shapes of P waves.
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Chapter 9: Rhythms Originating in the AV Junction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Treatment for occasional PJCs is to
A)give atropine to speed the heart rate up.
B)give digitalis to slow the heart rate down.
C)shock the heart out of the rhythm.
D)treat the cause.
Q2) Junctional tachycardia is associated with which medication toxicity?
A)Quinidine
B)Digitalis
C)Atropine
D)Oxygen
Q3) Low junctional rhythms originate low down in the ventricle.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In Figure 8 ,the rhythm is
A)sinus rhythm.
B)junctional rhythm.
C)atrial fibrillation.
D)atrial tachycardia.
Q5) PJCs are ________ beats from the AV junction.
Q6) Junctional rhythm has a heart rate of ________.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Rhythms Originating in the Ventricles
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Sample Questions
Q1) PVCs are
A)premature ventricular complexes.
B)ventricular escape beats.
C)slow ventricular rhythms.
D)post-ventricular compensatory pauses.
Q2) Idioventricular rhythm has a heart rate of
A)60-100.
B)greater than 100.
C)less than 20.
D)20-40.
Q3) The QRS interval of the ventricular beat in Figure 10 is closest to A)0.40 seconds.
B)0.80 seconds.
C)0.06 seconds.
D)0.20 seconds.
Q4) Treatment for the rhythm in Figure 16 would include which of the following?
A)Electrical shock to the heart
B)Atropine
C)Digitalis
D)Oxygen removal
Page 12
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Chapter 11: AV Blocks
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pacemakers are typically used for Mobitz II second-degree AV block and third-degree AV block.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Third-degree AV block has
A)one P wave to each QRS.
B)a varying R-R interval.
C)a constant PR interval.
D)a varying PR interval.
Q3) In third-degree AV block,only a few of the sinus impulses get through to the ventricles.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In Figure 18,which of the heart's pacemakers is controlling the ventricle?
A)Sinus node
B)Atrium
C)AV node
D)Ventricle
Q5) In first-degree AV block,________ sinus impulses get through to the ventricles.
Page 13
Q6) The origin of the P waves in AV blocks is the ________.
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Chapter 13: How to Interpret a 12-Lead EKG
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Sample Questions
Q1) Indeterminate axis is between
A)0 and +90 degrees.
B)0 and -90 degrees.
C)+90 and 180 degrees.
D)-90 and 180 degrees.
Q2) If Lead I is positive and aVF is negative,there is left axis deviation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Left ventricular hypertrophy is determined by adding ________.
Q4) Right axis deviation is between
A)0 and +90 degrees.
B)0 and -90 degrees.
C)+90 and 180 degrees.
D)-90 and 180 degrees.
Q5) Hypertrophy can stress the heart. A)True B)False
Q6) Bundle branch blocks are a sign of imminent cardiac arrest.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Myocardial Infarction
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a lateral wall MI,which coronary artery is occluded?
A)Right
B)Left anterior descending
C)Circumflex
D)Aorta
Q2) Mr.Johnson came to the hospital within the hour after his heart attack started.You would expect to see what indication of acute STEMI on his EKG?
A)ST segment elevation in the leads over the damaged area
B)ST segment depression in the leads over the damaged area
C)Significant Q waves in the leads over the damaged area
D)Tall,pointy P waves greater than 2.5 mms in Lead II or V
Q3) An inverted T wave is indicative of
A)myocardial necrosis.
B)myocardial ischemia.
C)myocardial injury.
D)abnormal ventricular depolarization.
Q4) The normal T wave is tall and pointy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A ________ MI is seen as a mirror image of an anterior MI.
Page 15
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Chapter 16: Medications and Electrical Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your patient's temporary pacemaker lost capture when he turned from his back onto his side.What action is most likely to restore capture?
A)Replace the pacemaker battery.
B)Surgically remove and replace the defective pacemaker.
C)Turn the patient back onto his back.
D)Turn the sensitivity up.
Q2) Changing the patient's position can help restore capture.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is TRUE?
A)Defibrillation tends to involve a smaller shock than cardioversion.
B)Cardioversion involves synchronizing the shock with the cardiac cycle.
C)Defibrillation is the preferred method of converting atrial tachycardia back to sinus rhythm.
D)Defibrillation is the treatment of choice for atrial fibrillation.
Q4) Pulseless V-tach is treated like V-fib and defibrillated.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Class I antiarrhythmics are called ________ channel blockers.
Q6) The Ds in DDD pacemaker stand for ________.
Page 16
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Chapter 17: Diagnostic Electrocardiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) How much must a coronary artery be narrowed for the stress test to be positive?
A)35%
B)60%
C)75%
D)90%
Q2) If the stress test is positive and an angiogram reveals coronary artery disease,the stress test is said to have been a
A)true positive.
B)false positive.
C)true negative.
D)false negative.
Q3) The most commonly used device for exercise stress testing is the arm ergometer.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Thallium-201 is a radioisotope used to identify areas of poor myocardial perfusion. A)True
B)False
Q5) Thallium-201 enters the heart in much the same way as the ion ________.
Q6) A positive stress test implies that ________ is present.
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