Applied Statistics
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Course Introduction
Applied Statistics introduces students to the practical application of statistical methods to analyze and interpret real-world data. The course covers fundamental concepts such as descriptive statistics, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, correlation, regression analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Emphasizing problem-solving and data-driven decision-making, students learn to use statistical software to process and visualize data across various disciplines. By the end of the course, students gain the skills needed to critically evaluate statistical findings and apply appropriate statistical techniques in diverse research and professional settings.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics A Gentle Introduction 3rd Edition by Frederick L. Coolidge
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16 Chapters
341 Verified Questions
341 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: A Gentle Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a role of the statistician according to Abelson?
A)curious detective
B)honest attorney
C)good storyteller
D)moral advocate
Answer: D
Q2) Who wrote that "not [ever] being wrong" was even worse than being wrong in science?
A)Nightingale
B)Pauli
C)Prusiner
D)Abelson
Answer: B
Q3) Theories are often proven or disproven in science.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics: Understanding
Distributions of Numbers
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Sample Questions
Q1) For the previous set of numbers, what is the cumulative percentage, including the second interval rounded to one decimal place?
A)62.96%
B)62.9%
C)63.0%
D)62.9629%
Answer: C
Q2) In Figure 2.3 (truck brands), the major problem of the presentation was
A)cutting off the bottom 95% of the bars' heights
B)hiding the brand names of the competing trucks
C)too many useless colors
D)meaningless three-dimensional bars
E)all of the above
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Statistical Parameters: Measures of Central
Tendency and Variation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of the mean?
A)it is appropriate for normal and skewed distributions
B)it is the same as the arithmetic average
C)it belongs in the category of parameters of central tendency
D)it is considered an unbiased estimator
Answer: A
Q2) What is the standard deviation of the salaries (rounded to a whole number)?
A)81,000
B)81,111
C)88,000
D)14,701
Answer: D
Q3) The top salary in the previous set was $115,000.Would you consider that salary
A)a klinker
B)an outlier
C)neither because it falls well within three standard deviations of the mean
Answer: C
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Standard Scores, the Z Distribution, and
Hypothesis Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a standard score?
A)SAT
B)GRE
C)IQ
D)all of the above are standard scores
Q2) Which of the following T scores has a z score of 0.00?
A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40
E)50
Q3) What z score cuts off the upper .0250 of the z distribution?
A)0.00
B)1.96
C)-1.00
D)-1.96
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Chapter 5: Inferential Statistics: The Controlled Experiment,
Hypothesis Testing, and the Z Distribution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because it is said in science "one experiment does not prove anything," statisticians rely on ___________ to test the usefulness of theories.
A)a controlled experiment
B)at least two experiments
C)parametric and nonparametric tests
D)replication
Q2) Which of the following is true about correlational designs?
A)Finding a relationship between two variables does not mean that one causes the other but could give clues to set up experiments where causality may be determined.
B)Finding a relationship between two variables NEVER means that one causes the other.
C)Correlational designs are not very common.
D)Correlational designs are more powerful than a controlled experiment.
Q3) The minimum conventional level of statistical significance is ___________.
A).01
B).05
C).10
D).50
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Page 7
Chapter 6: An Introduction to Correlation and Regression
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the study of 30 pairs of scores in a Pearson correlation, what are the degrees of freedom?
A)30
B)29
C)28
D)15
Q2) __________________ correlation measures the strength of a relationship between two continuous variables.
A)Pearson
B)Spearman
C)Point-biserial
D)Phi
Q3) According to the text, a correlational analysis _________
A)sometimes provides clues about cause-effect relationships
B)often provides clues about cause-effect relationships
C)never provides clues about cause-effect relationships
D)is relatively useless compared to controlled experiments
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Chapter 7: The T Test for Independent Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) What can be concluded from the statistical analysis of this problem?
A)the null hypothesis cannot be rejected
B)Vitamin C doesn't seem to prevent colds any better than a placebo
C)the mean number of colds is not significantly different between the two groups
D)all of the above are true
Q2) The degrees of freedom for this problem are
A)20
B)18
C)10
D)9
Q3) What significance level should be reported?
A)p < .05
B)p < .01
C)p < .001
D)p > .05
Q4) The degrees of freedom for this problem are
A)30
B)28
C)15
D)14
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Chapter 8: The T Test for Dependent Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) The two-tailed test of significance protects against the Type ____ error better than the one-tailed test of significance.
A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
Q2) The way in which the _________________ hypothesis is stated determines whether a test of significance is one-tailed or two-tailed.
A)null
B)alternative
C)neutral
D)pejorative
Q3) Design 3 of the dependent t test controls for the A)order of presentation
B)regression effect
C)diminishing effect
D)abuse of power
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Chapter 9: Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor
Completely Randomized Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) The derived F value in ANOVA is a _______ of variances.
A)collection
B)group
C)ratio
D)matrix
Q2) The problem with the original Bonferroni correction is that
A)one is more likely to commit the Type I error
B)the probability of the Type II error increases dramatically
C)Type I and Type II errors increase dramatically
D)the power of the test is increased
Q3) The mean squares within groups (MSW) is
A)436.750
B)15.598
C)383.583
D)24.591
Q4) Which of the following can be concluded about this experiment?
A)There are differences in weight loss among the groups.
B)There are no differences in weight loss among the groups.
C)One group was superior to the other groups in weight loss.
D)Two of the groups were better than the other groups in weight loss.
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Chapter 10: After a Significant Analysis of Variance: Multiple Comparison Tests
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on Tukey's HSD results, all but one of the following is true.Which is not a true statement?
A)The no-music condition produced the greatest sales.
B)The soft rock condition produced the second best sales.
C)There were no differences in sales between soft rock, classical, and jazz.
Q2) The value of N in the Tukey's HSD formula for the above problem is A)7
B)14
C)28 D)40
Q3) What error degrees of freedom would be chosen in the appendix for Tukey's q value? A)3
B)24 C)30 D)8
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Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor
Repeated-Measures Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) The obtained F value for this problem is
A)23.20
B)32.45
C)35.64
D)67.13
Q2) The error term sum of squares (SSW) for this problem is
A)8,524,828.52
B)784,628.05
C)24,869.08
D)2,344.57
Q3) The sum of squares total (SST) for this problem is A)830,582.583
B)68,616.964
C)4,794.845
D)6,947,204.958
Q4) The sum of squares for treatments (SSB) for this problem is
A)285,285.94
B)5,948,285.98
C)82,485.38
D)9,064.68
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Chapter 12: Analysis of Variance: Two-Factor Completely
Randomized Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) The phrase "completely randomized" indicates that A)the dependent variable has been completely randomized B)the results are completely randomized C)the participants have been randomly assigned to the groups D)the blocks have been randomized to the degrees of freedom
Q2) In a 2 × 2 × 3 ANOVA, there are
A)2 independent variables
B)7 independent variables
C)12 independent variables
D)3 independent variables
Q3) The sums of squares for gender are
A)0.42
B)40.83
C)593.43
D)141.90
Q4) The F value for gender is
A)0.16
B)7.77
C)112.92
D)0.42
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Chapter 13: Post Hoc Analysis of Factorial Anova
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Sample Questions
Q1) The results of Tukey's test for the main effect of drug levels reveal that
A)short-term memory is not different between Cylert and Ritalin conditions, but both are better than the placebo
B)short-term memory is better for Cylert than the placebo or Ritalin
C)short-term memory for Ritalin is better than for Cylert or the placebo
D)short-term memory is poorer for Cylert and Ritalin than for the placebo
Q2) Which of the following is not true:
A)post hoc analyses of main effects are minimized or sometimes not conducted at all if the interaction is significant
B)a post hoc analysis is not required of a significant main effect whose df = 1
C)a post hoc analysis is not required of a significant main effect whose df = 2
D)a post hoc analysis is not required of a nonsignificant interaction
Q3) In an effect size analysis in a two-factor ANOVA for a main effect, k is equal to
A)the number of levels of the main effect
B)the number of levels times 2
C)the number of levels minus 2
D)the number of levels for the interaction
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Chapter 14: Factorial Anova: Additional Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The df for the interaction is A)1
B)2
C)3
D)54
E)59
Q2) The df for SST is A)1
B)2
C)3 D)24
E)29
Q3) The interaction was
A)significant
B)nonsignificant
C)insignificant
Q4) The interaction was
A)significant
B)nonsignificant
C)insignificant
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Chapter 15: Nonparametric Statistics: The Chi-Square Test
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Sample Questions
Q1) The conclusion for this problem would be
A)a greater percentage of men than women married for love
B)a greater percentage of women than men married for love
C)more women married for love
D)more men married for money
Q2) The conclusion for this problem would be
A)there were significant differences in blend preferences at p < .05
B)there were significant blend preferences at p < .01
C)there were significant blend preferences at p < .001
D)there were no significant blend preference differences (p > .05)
Q3) The derived chi-square value for this problem is
A)69.37
B)17.16
C)6.09
D)3.84
Q4) The critical value of the chi-square for this problem at p = .05 is A)2.71
B)3.84
C)5.41
D)6.64
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Chapter 16: Other Statistical Parameters and Tests
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not true of factor analysis?
A)there are an infinite number of correct solutions
B)it can be used to reduce the number of items on a test or measure
C)factor analysis designs are similar to ANOVA designs
D)in IQ research, it found a single "g" factor
Q2) Which of the following is not true about MANCOVA?
A)handles more than one dependent variable
B)covaries one or more nuisance variables
C)handles one or more independent variables
D)covaries only one confounding variable but one or more nuisance variables
Q3) To have a reliable factor analysis of 57 items, the study should be conducted on at least ________ people.
A)57
B)285
C)570
D)1140
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