Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing
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Course Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing provides a comprehensive introduction to the structure and function of the human body, with a special emphasis on concepts relevant to nursing practice. The course covers body systems including musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, digestive, urinary, endocrine, and reproductive systems, explaining how they work individually and together to maintain homeostasis. Students will develop an understanding of anatomical terminology, physiological processes, and the relationship between health and disease. This foundation prepares nursing students to assess, monitor, and care for patients effectively in a clinical setting.
Recommended Textbook
Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professions An Interactive Journey 2nd Edition by Bruce J. Colbert
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1999 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology: Learning the Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stat means right away or immediately.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The study of cellular structure is called ____________.
Answer: Cytology
Q3) The cycle of ever-increasing uterine contractions due to an ever-increasing release of oxytocin is an example of ________.
Answer: Positive feedback
Q4) ____________ or macro anatomy represents the study of the structures visible to the unaided or naked eye.
Answer: Gross
Q5) Hyp/o means above normal.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q6) The ideal normal value of a variable is known as the _______________. Answer: Set point
Answer: Rhin/o Page 3
Q7) ____________ are the combining forms for nose.
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Page 4
Chapter 2: The Human Body: Reading the Map
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Sample Questions
Q1) Peripheral refers to the torso and head.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which test gives the greatest detail of tissue structures?
A)MRI
B)EKG
C)Blood test
D)X-ray
Answer: A
Q3) Blood is most commonly drawn from ________.
A)Deep veins
B)Central veins
C)Superficial veins
D)Deep arteries
Answer: C
Q4) Digital means fingers and toes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
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Chapter 3: Biochemistry: the Basic Ingredients of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lead is a biological molecule.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Physiologically important ions are called trace elements.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Atoms or molecules which carry a charge are called ________.
A)Elements
B)Protons
C)Neutrons
D)Ions
Answer: D
Q4) _________________ are the types of molecules involved in cell control and genetics.
Answer: Nucleic acids
Q5) ____________________ molecules may be used for energy storage, movement and protection against infection.
Answer: Proteins
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Chapter 4: The Cells: the Raw Materials and Building Blocks
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a cell membrane actively surrounds a solid substance and forms a vesicle which moves into the cell, this is called ____________.
Q2) This general process is utilized by the cells for the intake of liquid and food when the substance is too large to diffuse across the cell membrane ________.
A)Pinocytosis
B)Endocytosis
C)Exocytosis
D)Phagocytosis
Q3) Parts of the cell are called ____________.
Q4) If water is transported across a cell, it is known as phagocytosis.
A)True
B)False
Q5) An organism that produces disease is called a(n) ________.
Q6) Cytoplasm is composed of water, nutrients, and electrolytes.
A)True
B)False
Q7) ____________ act as power plants in the cell.
Q8) Describe how isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic salt solutions affect osmotic pressure.
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Chapter 5: Tissues and Systems: the Inside Story
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Sample Questions
Q1) Balance is the responsibility of which sensory organ?
A)Ear
B)Eye
C)Nose
D)Throat
Q2) Which of the following epithelial membranes is the largest organ of the integumentary system?
A)cutaneous
B)parietal
C)visceral
D)mucous
Q3) The term tachypnea means ________.
A)Fast breathing
B)Fast heart rate
C)Fast blood pressure rise
D)Fast spike in temperature
Q4) Veins carry blood away from the heart.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The combining form for vein is ven/o, veni/i and ________.
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System: the Framework
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bending your knee is an example of joint extension.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A cleft palate is an example of which of the following?
A)Congenital disorder
B)Degenerative disorder
C)Infection
D)Nutritional disorder
Q3) The number of pairs of true ribs is ________.
A)12
B)14
C)5
D)7
Q4) This movement occurs when you turn your foot toward the other foot ________.
A)Eversion
B)Inversion
C)Pronation
D)Flexion
Q5) The hollow region in the bone is the ____________ cavity.
Q6) Tendonitis or tendinitis often occurs in conjunction with ________.
Page 9
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System: Movement for the Journey
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the steps underlying skeletal muscle contraction.
Q2) The _____________________ muscle is located on the front of the lower leg.
A)Gastrocnemium
B)Latissimus dorsi
C)Tibialis anterior
D)Hamstrings
Q3) When the nervous system signals a muscle to contract ____________ ion channels open.
A)Phosphorus
B)Sodium
C)Myosin
D)Actin
Q4) Muscles that cause movement in the opposite direction of the prime mover when they contract are called ____________.
Q5) Muscle cells are made up of ________.
A)Z bars
B)Myosin
C)Myofibrils
D)Actin
Q6) The muscle that controls breathing is the ____________.
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Chapter 8: The Integumentary System: the Protective
Covering
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is not true of the epidermis?
A)It is a stratified squamous epithelium.
B)It is composed mostly of connective tissue.
C)It is the outermost layer of skin.
D)It contains the stratum corneum.
Q2) Connective tissue of the skin is developed from ____________.
A)Melanocytes
B)Fibroblasts
C)Collagen
D)Fascia
Q3) An infected blackhead is a pustule.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A(n) ________ is a pathologically altered piece of tissue that can include a wound or injury of a single infected patch of skin.
Q5) ________ is incorrectly called ringworm.
A)Tinea corporis
B)Tinea unguium
C)Tinea cruris
D)Tinea pedis
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Chapter 9: The Nervous System Part I: the Information
Super Highway
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Sample Questions
Q1) Myelinated axons are white.
A)True
B)False
Q2) This type of glia cell attacks microbes and removes debris.
A)Microglia
B)Oligodendrocyte
C)Astroglia
D)Neurilemma
Q3) The whole series of permeability changes within the cell and the resultant changes in charge across the cell membrane is called the ________.
Q4) Which of the following is a medical disorder in which the myelin in the CNS has been destroyed ________.
A)Multiple sclerosis
B)Muscular dystrophy
C)Guillain-Barré' syndrome
D)Myasthenia gravis
Q5) Guillain-Barré' syndrome is incurable.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: The Nervous System Part Ii: the Traffic Control Center
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain why hands, lips, and head have so many neurons.
Q2) The X cranial nerve is the ________ nerve.
Q3) An accumulation of blood between the dura mater and arachnoid space is called a(n)____________.
Q4) The ________ is an anatomical/physiologic protective structure of the brain believed to consist of walls of capillaries in the CNS and surrounding glial membranes.
Q5) Ministrokes are called "TIAs."
A)True
B)False
Q6) Parietal lobes are responsible for vision.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system controls the flight-or-fight response.
Q8) Which of these is a type of paralysis?
A)Spastic
B)Bivalvular
C)Reflexive
D)Radical
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Chapter 11: The Senses: the Sights and Sounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tears act as an antiseptic to decrease germs in the eyeball.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ________ is caused by increased pressure in the fluid of the eye, which interferes with optic nerve functioning.
Q3) Which of the following is listed as one of our visceral senses?
A)Touch
B)Pain
C)Hunger
D)Heat
Q4) Tactile corpuscles is the name given to the receptors for which sense?
A)Taste
B)Smell
C)Hearing
D)Touch
Q5) The vitreous humor is watery.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The _______________ contains light-sensitive neurons.
Q7) The ____________ is the opening through which light passes into the eye.
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Chapter 12: The Endocrine System: the Bodys Other Control System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cushing's syndrome is caused by over-secretion of ________.
Q2) Chemical messengers released directly into the bloodstream, with the ability to affect cells for hours or days, are called ________.
A)Neurotransmitters
B)Dendrites
C)Hormones
D)Sensory cells
Q3) Which of the following is true of the adrenal medulla?
A)It responds to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system.
B)It helps produce the "fight-or-flight" response.
C)It releases epinephrine.
D)All of the above are true of the adrenal medulla.
Q4) An overproduction of pituitary hormones is called ________.
A)Cushing's syndrome
B)Addison's disease
C)Hyperpituitarism
D)Hypopituitarism
Q5) Melatonin is released by the pineal gland.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: The Cardiovascular System: Transport and Supply
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a patient has been infected by parasites, which white blood cell would be elevated in the bloodstream?
A)Eosinophil
B)Basophil
C)Neutrophil
D)Monocyte
Q2) Peripheral vascular disease is a condition caused by plaque buildup called atherosclerosis in the ________ arteries.
Q3) ________ is caused by bone marrow cancer stimulating an over-production of erythrocytes.
A)Primary polycythemia
B)Primary erythrocytopenia
C)Secondary polycythemia
D)Secondary erythrocytopenia
Q4) Blood is pumped to the body during this part of the cardiac cycle ________.
A)Atrial systole
B)Atrial diastole
C)Ventricular systole
D)Ventricular diastole
Q5) The ____________ is the tip of the heart, distal to the head.
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System: Its a Gas
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Sample Questions
Q1) The site of bifurcation in the bronchi is called the ____________.
Q2) The amount of air that can be forcibly taken in after normally inhaling is called ________.
A)Tidal volume
B)Residual volume
C)Inspiratory reserve volume
D)Expiratory reserve volume
Q3) Discuss how the angle of branching of the bronchi makes a difference in which lung receives aspirations.
Q4) Producing sound is known as ________.
Q5) Chemoreceptors that help regulate breathing can be found ________.
A)In the medulla oblongata
B)In the carotid artery
C)In the aorta
D)Both b and c
Q6) ________ is defined as the presence of productive cough during 3 months of the year for 2 consecutive years, provided that other causes of chronic sputum production are excluded.
Q7) The major pathology of the upper airways include ________ or allergies of the sinuses, nose, or throat.
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Chapter 15: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Your Defense Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ fight parasitic worms.
Q2) Unique molecules found on the outer surface of cell membranes are called
A)Antigens
B)Antibodies
C)Interferon
D)Cytokines
Q3) In this stage of cancer, no spread from the origin is present ________.
A)Stage I
B)Stage II
C)Stage III
D)Stage IV
Q4) ________ arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the synovial membrane of patient's joints.
Q5) Once the threat of invasion is over, the ____________ are responsible for "turning-off" the response.
A)Memory B-cells
B)Regulatory T-cells
C)Cytotoxic T-cells
D)Helper B-cells
19
Q6) Any organism that invades your body and causes disease is a(n) ____________.
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Chapter 16: The Gastrointestinal System: Fuel for the Trip
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Sample Questions
Q1) Partially digested food is known as ____________.
Q2) ________ is the formation of stones or calculi in the gallbladder or common bile duct.
Q3) A large ________ salivary gland is found slightly inferior and anterior to each ear.These are the ones that swell up and make you look like a chipmunk when you get the mumps.
Q4) The descending colon is the first part of the large intestine.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Directly after leaving the stomach, materials go to the jejunum.
A)True
B)False
Q6) ________ is/are varicose veins of the rectum.
A)Rectitis
B)Hemorrhoids
C)Colostomy
D)None of the above
Q7) A gallstone can lodge in the bile ________, causing extreme pain that may radiate to the right shoulder (an example of referred pain).
Page 21
Q8) The chief digestive enzyme in the stomach is ____________.
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Chapter 17: The Urinary System: Filtration and Fluid Balance
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Q1) High blood pressure is a common disease that can affect the kidneys.One way of treating high blood pressure is to decrease blood volume by decreasing body water.This can be accomplished by using what kind of drug?
A)Blood thinners
B)ACE stimulators
C)Diuretics
D)Dopamine
Q2) Medulla means inner portion.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe how filtration is regulated.
Q4) ________ is a blood condition that accompanies kidney disease and appears to be due to the accumulation of organic wastes in the blood stream.
Q5) The process by which most of the material in the nephron moves back into the blood is called ________.
A)Filtration
B)Reabsorption
C)Secretion
D)Micturition
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Chapter 18: The Reproductive System: Replacement and Repair
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Sample Questions
Q1) Signs and symptoms of breast cancer include which of the following?
A)Bloody, brown or serous nipple discharge
B)Noticeable lump
C)Changes in breast tissue
D)All of the above
Q2) Signs and symptoms of PMS include all of the following except ________.
A)Constipation
B)Fatigue
C)Mental confusion
D)Feeling of euphoria
Q3) After ovulation, estrogen _______________ GnRH secretion.
Q4) Explain the role of testosterone in male reproduction.
Q5) A(n) ________ is an abnormal collection of fluid in the testes.
Q6) Females have all the eggs they will ever have by the age of ________.
A)4 months in utero
B)8 months
C)Puberty
D)13 years
Page 23
Q7) The exact cause of PMS is not determined but may be due to irregular levels of estrogen or ___________
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Chapter 19: The Journeys End: Now What
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Q1) Bone scouring is the destruction of the smooth bone surface as a result of colonization by the tuberculosis ________.
Q2) For several hundred years it was believed that ________ were poisonous.
A)Grapes
B)Poppy seeds
C)Tomatoes
D)Watermelons
Q3) The most common cause of respiratory illness is genetic disorders.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ____________ is the most deadly form of skin cancer.
Q5) Which of these is not a common behavioral change due to pain?
A)Being grumpy
B)Swearing
C)Having a loss of appetite
D)Increased social interaction
Q6) Tuberculosis is detectable in the lungs, brain, kidneys, and the ends of long
Q7) Approximately 80% of all lung cancers can be traced to ____________.
Q8) Analgesics are stronger and last ________ in the elderly patients.
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