Advanced Database Systems
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Course Introduction
Advanced Database Systems delves into the theoretical foundations, architectures, and practical implementations of contemporary database technologies beyond the basics of relational models. The course covers advanced topics such as distributed databases, NoSQL and NewSQL systems, data warehousing, big data analytics, transaction management, concurrency control, indexing, and query optimization. Students will explore emerging trends like cloud-based databases, data replication, consistency models, and security challenges. Emphasis is placed on hands-on projects and case studies that involve designing, deploying, and managing complex database systems suited for large-scale and high-performance applications.
Recommended Textbook
Database Systems Design Implementation and Management 13th Edition by Carlos Coronel
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Chapter 1: Database Systems
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Q1) One disadvantage of a database system over previous data management approaches is increased costs.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) A(n) _____ is a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation.
Answer: query
Q3) Data is said to be verifiable if:
A) the data always yields consistent results.
B) the data cannot be changed or manipulated.
C) the data is obtained from trusted sources.
D) the data is stored in different places within the database.
Answer: A
Q4) Structural dependence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the application program's ability to access the data.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Data Models
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Q1) In _____, a three-pronged symbol represents the "many" side of the relationship.
Answer: Crow's Foot notation
Q2) In the _____ model, each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent.
A) hierarchical
B) network
C) relational
D) entity relationship
Answer: A
Q3) _____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity.
A) Attributes
B) Entities
C) Relationships
D) Constraints
Answer: D
Q4) The network model has structural level dependence.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: The Relational Database Model
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Q1) Another name for a composite entity is a(n) _____ entity.
A) bridge
B) linked
C) directive
D) associative
Answer: A
Q2) One characteristic of generalization hierarchies is that they are implemented as _____ relationships.
Answer: 1:1
Q3) A(n) _____ only returns matched records from the tables that are being joined.
A) outer join
B) inner join
C) equijoin
D) theta join
Answer: B
Q4) PRODUCT yields all possible pairs of rows from two tables, also known as the _____ product.
Answer: Cartesian
Q5) An index key can have multiple _____ (a composite index).
Answer: attributes
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Chapter 4: Entity Relationship Er Modeling
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Q1) Explain mandatory participation in an entity relationship.
Q2) A _____ attribute is one that cannot be subdivided.
A) composite
B) simple
C) single-valued
D) multivalued
Q3) Connectivities and cardinalities are established by concise statements known as business rules.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The entity relationship diagram (ERD) represents the _____ database as viewed by the end user.
A) condensed
B) physical
C) logical
D) conceptual
Q5) In Crow's Foot notation, an optional relationship between entities is shown by drawing a(n) _____ on the side of the optional entity.
Q6) _____ are underlined in an ER diagram.
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Chapter 5: Advanced Data Modeling
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Q1) A _____ key is a real-world, generally accepted identifier used to uniquely identify real-world objects.
A) primary
B) natural
C) foreign
D) surrogate
Q2) A(n)_____ is a generic entity type that is related to one or more entity subtypes.
A) subtype discriminator
B) inheritance
C) specialization hierarchy
D) entity supertype
Q3) One important inheritance characteristic is that all entity subtypes inherit their primary key attribute from their supertype.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An entity cluster is considered "virtual" or "_____" in the sense that it is not actually an entity in the final ERD.
Q5) Explain the "no change over time" characteristic of a primary key.
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Chapter 6: Normalization of Database Tables
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Q1) In a real-world environment, we must strike a balance between design integrity and _____.
A) robustness
B) flexibility
C) uniqueness
D) ease of use
Q2) Since a partial dependency can exist only if a table's primary key is composed of several attributes, if a table in 1NF has a single-attribute primary key, then the table is automatically in 2NF.
A)True
B)False
Q3) From a structural point of view, 3NF is better than _____.
A) 2NF
B) 3NF
C) 5NF
D) 6NF
Q4) Normalization represents a micro view of the entities within the ERD.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Any attribute that is at least part of a key is known as a(n) _____.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Introduction to Structured Query Language Sql
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Q1) ANSI-standard SQL allows the use of special operators in conjunction with the WHERE clause.
A)True B)False
Q2) Describe the important features and applications of SQL functions.
Q3) The _____ operator could be used in place of INTERSECT if the DBMS does not support it.
Q4) Which query is used to list a unique value for V_CODE, where the list will produce only a list of those values that are different from one another?
A) SELECT ONLY V_CODE FROM PRODUCT;
B) SELECT UNIQUE V_CODE FROM PRODUCT;
C) SELECT DIFFERENT V_CODE FROM PRODUCT;
D) SELECT DISTINCT V_CODE FROM PRODUCT;
Q5) A(n) _____ character is a symbol that can be used as a general substitute for other characters or commands.
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Chapter 8: Advanced Sql
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Q1) A(n) _____ routine pools multiple transactions into a single batch to update a master table field in a single operation.
Q2) The PL/SQL block starts with the _____ section.
A) IS
B) OPEN
C) DECLARE
D) BEGIN
Q3) Which command is used to save changes to the database? What is the syntax for this command?
Q4) A _____ is a block of code containing standard SQL statements and procedural extensions that is stored and executed at the DBMS server.
A) cursor-style process
B) statement-level trigger
C) base table
D) persistent storage module (PSM)
Q5) Using Oracle _____, a designer can write a PL/SQL code block by enclosing the commands inside BEGIN and END clauses.
Q6) How are triggers critical to proper database operation and management?
Q7) The SQL data type DATE stores date in the _____ date format.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Database Design
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Q1) When selecting DBMS _____, items to consider include processors, RAM, and disk space.
Q2) In most modern relational DBMSs, a new database implementation requires the creation of special storage-related constructs to house the end-user tables.
A)True
B)False
Q3) "What are the requirements of the current system's end users?" is a question asked during the _____ phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
A) planning
B) analysis
C) implementation
D) maintenance
Q4) Selecting database management system (DBMS) software is part of the _____ phase of the Database Life Cycle (DBLC).
A) database initial study
B) database design
C) implementation and loading
D) testing and evaluation
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Chapter 10: Transaction Management and Concurrency
Control
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Q1) The serializable isolation level is the least restrictive level defined by the ANSI SQL standard.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The DBMS uses the information stored in the _____log for a recovery requirement triggered by a ROLLBACK statement, a program's abnormal termination, or a system failure such as a network discrepancy or a disk crash.
Q3) Serializability means that data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second transaction until the first one is completed.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _____ ensure that a disk physical failure will not impair the DBMS's ability to recover data.
Q5) If T1 has not unlocked data item Y, T2 cannot begin; if T2 has not unlocked data item X, T1 cannot continue. Consequently, T1 and T2 each wait for the other to unlock the required data item. Such a deadlock is also known as a(n) _____.
Q6) What are database checkpoints?
Q7) What are the three basic techniques to control deadlocks?
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Chapter 11: Database Performance Tuning and Query
Optimization
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Q1) Bitmap indexes tend to use less space than a _____ because they use bits instead of bytes to store their data.
A) hash index
B) sparse index
C) B-tree index
D) reverse index
Q2) List and describe some typical DBMS processes.
Q3) A system table space, a user data table space, an index table space, and a temporary table space are examples of _____.
A) procedure caches
B) file groups
C) data caches
D) operation modes
Q4) Which of the following is the first step of query processing at the DBMS server end?
A) Executing
B) Parsing
C) Fetching
D) Delivering
Page 13
Q5) Summarize the steps required to formulate a query.
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Chapter 12: Distributed Database Management Systems
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Q1) The database description, known as the distributed _____ schema, is the common database schema used by local transaction processors (TPs) to translate user requests into subqueries that will be processed by different data processors (DPs).
Q2) Performance transparency ensures that the system finds the most cost-effective path to access remote data.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous distributed database management systems (DDBMS).
Q4) Typically, the _____ scenario requires a network file server running conventional applications that are accessed through a network.
Q5) Under the _____ scenario, all record- and file-locking activities are performed at the end-user location.
A) single-site processing, single-site data
B) multiple-site processing, single-site data
C) single-site processing, multiple-site data
D) multiple-site processing, multiple-site data
Q6) Data _____ describes the process of deciding where to locate data.
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Chapter 13: Business Intelligence and Data Warehouses
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Q1) In business intelligence framework, data are captured from a production system and placed in _____ on a near real-time basis.
A) decision support system
B) portal
C) data warehouse
D) dashboard
Q2) Business intelligence is a framework that allows a business to transform data into information, information into knowledge, and knowledge into wisdom.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the difference between decision support data and operational data from the point of view of data analyst?
Q4) By default, the fact table's primary key is always formed by combining the superkeys pointing to the dimension tables to which they are related.
A)True
B)False
Q5) _____ means to decompose data into more atomic components or data at lower levels of aggregation.
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Chapter 14: Big Data and Nosql
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Q1) For a data set to be considered Big Data, it must display only one of the 3Vs (volume, velocity and variety).
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a key assumption of the Hadoop Distributed File System?
A) High volume
B) Write many,read-once
C) Streaming access
D) Fault-tolerance
Q3) Within MapReduce, a(n) ______ runs maps and reduces tasks on nodes.
Q4) Hadoop is a database that has become the de facto standard for most Big Data storage and processing.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ______ do not store relationships as perceived in the relational model and generally have no support for join operations.
Q6) ______ isthe coexistence of a variety of data storage and data management technologies within an organization's infrastructure.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Database Connectivity and Web Technologies
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Q1) The first line of an XML document represents the document declaration, and it is mandatory.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The only time the client and server computers communicate is when the client requests a page and the server sends the requested page to the client.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _____ code is embedded inside an HTML page and is activated by triggering events such as clicking on a link.
A) XML
B) SQL
C) Visual Basic
D) VBScript
Q4) What is a disadvantage of using an API web-server interface?
A) It is slower than CGI scripts.
B) It is inefficient because it uses DLLs.
C) An external program needs to run for each user request.
D) An API error can bring down the entire web server.
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Chapter 16: Database Administration and Security
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Q1) "All users must have passwords" is an example of a _____.
A) rule
B) policy
C) standard
D) procedure
Q2) User-access management is a subset of _____.
A) password protection
B) authorization management
C) data integrity management
D) managerial control
Q3) A security _____ is a weakness in a system component that could be exploited to allow unauthorized access or cause service disruptions.
Q4) A(n) _____ is a logical storage area in Oracle.
A) audit log
B) datafile
C) schema
D) tablespace
Q5) Performance monitoring and _____ activities are designed to ensure that the DBMS, utilities, and applications maintain satisfactory performance levels.
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