Advanced Cardiorespiratory Care
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Advanced Cardiorespiratory Care explores the complex assessment, diagnosis, and management of patients with acute and chronic disorders affecting the heart and lungs.
Emphasizing evidence-based practices, the course covers advanced ventilatory strategies, hemodynamic monitoring, management of cardiac and respiratory emergencies, pharmacological interventions, and rehabilitation techniques. Students gain hands-on experience with advanced technologies and intervention protocols in both critical care and community settings, preparing them to deliver comprehensive care as part of interdisciplinary healthcare teams.
Recommended Textbook
Integrated Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology 3rd Edition by Bruce J. Colbert
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15 Chapters
833 Verified Questions
833 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: General Pharmacologic Principles
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Sample Questions
Q1) The effect of administering a water-soluble drug to an infant,who has a higher percentage of total body water compared to an adult,would be:
A)Decreased effect.
B)The same effect.
C)Increased effect.
D)An additive effect.
Answer: C
Q2) Drugs that do not go directly into the systemic circulation after being absorbed and are metabolized through the liver describes a:
A)Steady state.
B)First-pass effect.
C)Therapeutic range.
D)Half-life.
Answer: B
Q3) What is the purpose of a "do not use" list of common abbreviations?
Answer: The "do not use" list was designed to eliminate medical errors and misinterpretation when using common abbreviations.
Q4) A severe,life-threatening allergic reaction can result in ________________.
Answer: anaphylactic shock
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Chapter 2: The Metric System and Drug Dosage
Calculations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Weight is measured as ____________ or ________________ in the metric system.
Answer: grams or kilograms
Q2) A patient who is 5-feet-10 inches tall is how many centimeters tall?
A)286 cm
B)32 cm
C)154 cm
D)178 cm
Answer: D
Q3) A medication bag contains 0.03 liters.This is equal to how many milliliters?
A)3
B)30
C)300
D)3,000
Answer: B
Q4) How can you determine how much drug to administer if the drug available is not supplied in the prescribed amount?
Answer: You can use a proportion of the dose on hand related to the desired dose to set up an equation and solve for the correct amount.. Refer to Figure 2 4, which illustrates the steps in the equation.
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Chapter 3: Pharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous System
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59 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you apply the alpha-adrenergic agent phenylephrine topically,which of the following occurs?
A)Swollen vessels constrict.
B)Blood pressure decreases.
C)Heart rate decreases.
D)Respiratory rate increases.
Answer: A
Q2) All of the following explain the function of the somatic nervous system except:
A)Skeletal muscle movement.
B)Conduction of sensory information.
C)Involuntary control.
D)Voluntary movement.
Answer: C
Q3) A parasympatholytic drug would cause a/an ____________in heart rate and cause the bronchial airways to ____________.
Answer: increase/dilate
Q4) Sympathomimetic drugs are used for ________________ or ________________.
Answer: vasoconstriction/bronchodilation
Page 5
Q5) Catecholamines are adrenergic agents such as ________________. Answer: dobutamine,dopamine,epinephrine,isoproterenol,or norepinephrine
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Chapter 4: Medicated Aerosol Treatments
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nebulizer that is most efficient in reducing the amount of wasted medication during exhalation is:
A)An MDI.
B)An SVN.
C)A BAN.
D)A DPI.
Q2) Mucolytics can be administered by nebulization and by ____________.
Q3) The inhalation route of drug administration delivers a precise dose of medication to the lungs with each aerosol treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain why a slow inspiration improves aerosol medication delivery within the lungs.
Q5) When taking several medications with an MDI,the patient should be instructed to take which drug first?
A)Cromolyn sodium
B)Vanceril
C)Azmacort
D)Albuterol
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Chapter 5: Bronchodilators
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the synapse where the neuron meets the muscle,sympathetic fibers release acetylcholine.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Effects of parasympatholytic agents include: I.Bronchodilation
II)Decreased heart rate
III)Drying of pulmonary secretions
A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I,II,and III
Q3) Which of the following is responsible for breaking down cyclic AMP?
A)Acetylcholinestrase
B)MOA
C)Phosphodiesterase
D)COMT
Q4) Methylxanthines are believed to work by inhibiting ________________,which is the enzyme that deactivates cyclic AMP.
Q5) How do resorcinols differ from catecholamines?
Q6) The therapeutic range for theophylline is ____________.
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Chapter 6: Mucokinetics and Surfactants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the two types of exogenous surfactants that are currently available.
Q2) ________________ is indicated for maintenance therapy in the management of pulmonary secretions in cystic fibrosis.
Q3) The only synthetically produced surfactant that is current available on the market is ________________.
Q4) Synthetic surfactants can be described as which of the following?
I)Exogenous
II)Containing proteins SP-B and SP-C
III)Free of infection and foreign proteins
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I,II,and III
Q5) The role of goblet cells and clara cells is to produce about 100 ml of mucus each day.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The saline solution that is considered to be an expectorant is
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Q7) ________________ aerosols dilute mucus by altering its water content.
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Chapter 7: Anti-Inflammatory and Antiasthmatic Agents
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Sample Questions
Q1) After an antigen-antibody reaction occurs,all of the following events contribute to the early phase inflammatory response except:
A)Mast cell membrane rupturing.
B)Release of chemical mediators to the site.
C)Arachidonic acid metabolism.
D)Antibodies attacking antigens.
Q2) Inflammation that occurs in the airways is usually in response to the release of IgG. A)True
B)False
Q3) The immunoglobulin that is responsible for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma is:
A)IgG.
B)IgM.
C)IgE.
D)IgA.
Q4) The late-phase response in the inflammatory process is not responsive to bronchodilator therapy.
A)True
B)False
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10
Chapter 8: Anti-Infective Agents
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first indication of infection in elderly patients may be a change in
Q2) All except which of the following pertain to aminoglycosides?
A)They are used in serious gram-negative infections.
B)They are ototoxic and nephrotoxic.
C)They have a narrow therapeutic index.
D)They should be administered only intravenously.
Q3) Can respiratory infections occur as a result of a systemic infectious process?
Q4) What are the signs and symptoms of infection in the respiratory system?
Q5) Aerobic infections tend to be more serious than anaerobic infections.
A)True
B)False
Q6) You are called to the pediatric floor to provide treatment to a child diagnosed with bronchiolitis caused by RSV.The physician informs you that he would like to start the patient on ribavirin.Which of the following devices is required to deliver the medication to the patient?
A)Respirgard II
B)SPAG
C)USN
D)BAN
Page 11
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Chapter 9: Cardiac Agents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cardiac cells can become excited in which of the following situations? I)Oxygen deficit
II)Electrolyte imbalance
III)Ischemia
A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I,II,and III
Q2) Pharmacologic agents used to treat shock include all of the following except:
A)Verapamil.
B)Dopamine.
C)Epinephrine.
D)Vasopressin.
Q3) ACE inhibitors decrease afterload by inducing ________________.
Q4) Drugs that affect the force of contraction are referred to as _______________.
Q5) Which of the following is not considered a cause of arrhythmias?
A)Proarrhythmics
B)Antiarrhythmic drug toxicity
C)Pacemaker origination in the SA node
D)Electrolyte imbalance
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Chapter 10: Blood Pressure and Antithrombotic Agents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain why beta<sub>1</sub>-selective blockers are preferred over nonselective beta blockers to treat hypertension in COPD patients.
Q2) A side effect of using minoxidil in the treatment of hypertension is hypertrichosis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Arterioles are the main ________________ vessels;they regulate the force against which the heart must pump.
Q4) Loop diuretics have a shorter duration of action than thiazide diuretics.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Direct-acting alpha<sub>2</sub> agonists used to treat hypertension cause which of the following to occur?
A)Norepinephrine release
B)Increased sympathetic activity
C)Blocking of the release of norepinephrine
D)Blocking of the release of acetylcholine
Q6) Patients in _______________ blood pressure should be considered for two-drug combination therapy.
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Chapter 11: Neuromuscular, sedative, anesthetic, and Analgesic Agents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is Versed used during major and minor surgical procedures?
Q2) The depth of anesthesia preferred during a bronchoscopy is:
A)Stage 1.
B)Stage 2.
C)Stage 3.
D)Stage 4.
Q3) Which of the following agents can be used to reverse a neuromuscular blockade?
I.Succinylcholine
II.Neostigmine
III.Pyridostigmine
A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I,II,and III
Q4) Agents that inhibit acetylcholinesterase cause increased acetylcholine at the muscle end plate and result in stimulation of the muscle.
A)True
B)False
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Q5) A cell's ________________ refers to the electrical charge at which the cell becomes depolarized.
Chapter 12: Therapeutic Medical Gases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)is a potent selective pulmonary vasodilator.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The process of gas exchange that occurs at the alveolar capillary membrane is referred to as ________________.
Q3) The clinical responses to conditions causing acute hypoxemia include all the following except:
A)Tachycardia.
B)Tachypnea.
C)Polycythemia.
D)Hypertension.
Q4) Sickle cell anemia is a condition that leads to hypoxemic hypoxia.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Of the following,which device is most likely to transmit bacteria?
A)A large-volume nebulizer
B)A jet-mixing mask
C)A simple mask
D)A nonrebreathing mask
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Chapter 13: Pharmacologic Management of Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease: Asthma, chronic Bronchitis, and Emphysema
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following medications,which would you recommend during an asthmatic episode to provide the quickest relief?
A)Aminophylline
B)Epinephrine
C)Ipratropium bromide
D)Levalbuterol
Q2) Which of the following drugs used for nicotine addiction does not provide nicotine replacement?
A)Commit lozenge
B)Nicotrol
C)Nicorette
D)Zyban
Q3) An increase in the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest is typically seen only in patients with emphysema.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the use of aminophylline in the treatment of asthmatic episodes.
Q5) According to the NAEPP guidelines,what must a respiratory therapist remember when using the treatment algorithm in the management of asthma? Page 16
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Page 17
Chapter 14: Pharmacologic Treatment of Respiratory
Infectious Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) The increased colonization and subsequent high incidence of gram-negative bacillary pneumonia is found in all except which of the following conditions?
A)In patients within the community setting
B)In patients treated with antimicrobials
C)In patients with endotracheal tubes
D)In patients with underlying chronic conditions
Q2) Routine administration of antibiotics should be avoided in all except which of the following?
A)Acute bronchitis
B)Acute otitis media
C)Bronchiolitis
D)Community-acquired pneumonia
Q3) Empiric treatment refers to the administration of antibiotic therapy after the organism causing infection has been identified.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The preferred pharmacologic treatment for epiglottitis caused by H.influenzae type B is ________________.
Q5) Avian influenza can be treated only with ________________ care.
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Chapter 15: Medications for Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support
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Sample Questions
Q1) All except which of the following are antiarrhythmic drugs?
A)Lidocaine
B)Inamrinone
C)Amiodarone
D)Procainamide
Q2) The treatment for ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation is the same.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________________ is administered for refractory VF after lidocaine is given.
Q4) The term that describes a heart rate in the normal range when tachycardia would be expected is _______________.
Q5) Benefits of epinephrine include all except which of the following?
A)It increases the rate and force of myocardial contraction.
B)It improves cerebral blood flow.
C)It makes the heart more susceptible to direct countershock.
D)It increases the oxygen consumption of the heart.
Q6) The most common problem with procainamide,if it is given too rapidly,is
Page 19
Q7) Why is ventricular fibrillation life threatening,and how is it treated?
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